• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.45-55
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• 2017

The purpose of this study was to identify the participation in activities, emotions, and problem behaviors of elderly people residing in nursing homes. In this observational study targeting 81 elderly patients with dementia, each patient's participation in activities, emotion, and problem behaviors were observed for 4 hours per day with 20 minutes interval, which leads to 6,804 data based on 12 times a day for 7 days. According to this study, 90.1% of the participants were suffering from severe cognitive impairment. Their emotions were scored 4 out of 7. They mainly participated in activities such as sitting or lying down, which had no specific purpose, but they showed the most positive emotion when involved in social activities. The most frequent types of problem behaviors were repetitive behaviors and making noises, and the frequency of their behaviors were different depending on the time. There were significant correlation between cognitive functions, emotions, and problematic behaviors. Therefore, it is necessary to find effective ways to increase participation in activities, induce participation in positive emotional activities, and reduce problem behaviors manifested most prominently each hour of the elderly patients with dementia residing in nursing homes.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare Studies
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.5-31
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• 2013

This study is phenomenological qualitative research about lived experience of recovering alcoholic homeless who had completed Therapeutic Community program. The meaning which is revealed through this study is as in the followed. First, Moving to recovering space. In Therapeutic Community, they have a turning point for new life and new connection with people who watch him carefully. Second, Physical recovery. They are no more lying down on the street. Analogy of Standing can be viewed as being most active in recovery. Third, Positioning on time flow. The recovering of time is represented by accepting past and present as well as looking ahead into the future. Fourth, Settling into network of a relation. They tried to reconnect with society by network of a relation. Their social place is located in a network, not a position. From this present study, the social work implications for the alcoholic homeless are deducted.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2016.05a
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• pp.188-188
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• 2016

The Mekong which is one of the world's most significant rivers plays an extremely important role to South East Asia. Lying across six riparian countries including China, Myanmar, Thailand, Laos, Cambodia and Vietnam and being a greatly biological and ecological diversity of fishes, the river supports a huge population who living along Mekong Basin River. Therefore, much attention has been focused on the giant Mekong Basin River, particularly, the soil erosion and sedimentation problems which rise critical impacts on irrigation, agriculture, navigation, fisheries and aquatic ecosystem. In fact, there have been many methods to calculate these problems; however, in the case of Mekong, the available data have significant limitations because of large area (about 795 00 km2) and a failure by management agencies to analyze and publish of developing countries in Mekong Basin River. As a result, the Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE) model in a GIS (Geographic Information System) framework was applied in this study. The USLE factors contain the rainfall erosivity, soil erodibility, slope length, steepness, crop management and conservation practices which are represented by raster layers in GIS environment. In the final step, these factors were multiplied together to estimate the soil erosion rate in the study area by using spatial analyst tool in the ArcGIS 10.2 software. The spatial distribution of soil loss result will be used to support river basin management to find the subtainable management practices by showing the position and amount of soil erosion and sediment load in the dangerous areas during the selected 56- year period from 1952 to 2007.

• PNF and Movement
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.107-116
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• 2020

Purpose: To investigate the effects of electromyography (EMG) biofeedback on the muscle activity of the trapezius, shoulder pain, function, and range of motion (ROM) in patients with subacromial impingement syndrome (SAIS). Methods: Sixteen patients (9 males and 7 females) with SAIS participated voluntarily. The main outcome measures were muscle activity of the trapezius, shoulder pain (VAS), ROM, and the shoulder pain and disability index (SPADI). Exercises with EMG biofeedback consisted of shoulder flexion in a standing position, shoulder external rotation in a side-lying position, and shoulder horizontal abduction in a prone position. Post measurements were taken immediately after EMG biofeedback training. Results: Middle and lower trapezius activity, as well as ROM, was significantly increased by exercise with EMG biofeedback (p<0.05). In addition, VAS and SPADI scores significantly decreased post-EMG biofeedback training (p<0.05). Conclusion: EMG biofeedback intervention is an effective exercise for SAIS patients to restore activity of the middle and lower trapezius and to improve pain, shoulder function, and ROM.

• Journal of the Korean Society of School Health
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.99-109
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• 2011

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate factors influencing dysmenorrhea in middle school girls and to analyze the differences in dysmenorrhea according to personal factors of the subjects. Methods: This study was conducted from March 22 to April 2, 2010. The subjects of the study were 572 girls who attended three middle schools in Seoul and experienced dysmenorrheal. All were surveyed using the same questionnaire. Data were analyzed by the SPSS/WIN 12.0 program and included descriptive statistics, ANOVA and multiple regression analysis. Results: 1) The mean age of the subjects was 13.53 years, and the mean age of first menstruation (menarche) was 11.94 years. The number of days between the onset of menstrual cycles was 30.01 days. Most of the respondents had irregular menstrual cycles and menstrual periods lasting 3 to 7 days long. 2) Chief menstrual pains were lower abdominal and back pain. Subjects reported experiencing severe lower abdominal and/or back pain, most commonly on the second day of menstruation. The average score of menstrual discomfort was over 60 points (63%). The average score per 6 points of dysmenorrhea was as follows: fatigue (3.48), sensitivity (3.27), disability of movement (3.27), napping or lying down (2.98), mood swings (2.95), interference with studies (2.87). 3) Individual subject characteristics influencing the onset of dysmenorrhea were as follows: high stress levels, being in poor health, having an irregular diet, being younger and having longer menstrual periods than most other subjects. Conclusion: During puberty, girls with earlier menarche complained of physical and emotional discomfort, and irregular menstrual periods. Therefore, we need to explain overall menstrual characteristics and individual differences in the occurrence of dysmenorrhea, in health education programs.

• PNF and Movement
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.103-109
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• 2015

Purpose: Abdominal breathing exercises are recommended to activate the breathing muscles and the pelvic floor muscles, as well as to increase postural alignment during exhalation. The purpose of this study was to clarify the effect of improving abdominal muscle strength on menstrual pain in women in their twenties using abdominal breathing exercises. Method: In this study, 32 female university students were included as the subjects. The subjects were divided into two groups based on the area of menstrual pain: lumbar pain (n=16) and lower abdomen pain (n=16). The abdominal breathing positions were divided into two positions, which included a hook lying position and hip and knee flexions at $90^{\circ}$ in the supine position. Exercises were used to strengthen the abdominal muscles during exhalation. Four sets of the exercises were completed three times a week over the course of eight weeks. The degree of pain was measured using the Numeric Rating Scale (NRS). Muscle thickness was measured using an ultrasound. Result: The thickness of the transverse abdominis (TrA) and internal oblique (IO) increased in the lower abdomen pain group. However, thickness of the external oblique (EO) did not increased following abdominal breathing. No significant difference in posture was identified in the lower abdomen group. TrA thickness increased significantly in the lumbar pain group. However, thickness did not increase significantly in the lumbar pain group. In addition, the lumbar pain group experienced no significant effects on posture. IO thickness increased following hip and knee flexions at $90^{\circ}$ in the lumbar pain group. Menstrual pain decreased following intervention in both groups. There was no significant difference in the degree of pain reduction between both groups. Conclusion: As examples of alternative medicine, abdominal breathing exercises may be effective in decreasing menstrual pain.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.37 no.6_1
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• pp.1625-1630
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• 2021

In Bangkok, Thailand, there is an increasing concern for ground subsidence with the rapid urbanization. Given the presence of flood vulnerability due to the flat low-lying topography and proximity to the river delta, it is particularly significant to monitor deformation that can potentially augment flood hazards. In this paper, we have applied persistent scatterer interferometric synthetic aperture radar (PSInSAR) technique to investigate subsidence in Bangkok with the use of Sentinel-1 acquisitions spanning from June 2018 to October 2021. The vertical displacement velocity obtained from both ascending and descending orbits revealed regional-scale subsidence at rates up to 30 mm/yr. In addition, ongoing subsidence was observed in the suburb areas with the localized vertical subsidence exceeding 80 mm. The areas are primarily industrial and agricultural sectors, thus, the ground subsidence detected is probably caused by groundwater withdrawal. However, further work is needed to diagnose the trends of aquifer resources.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.6-12
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• 2019

Bonding properties of epoxy-containing solder joints were investigated by a high temperature aging test. Specimens were prepared by bonding an R3216 standard chip resistor to an OSP-finished PCB by a reflow process with two basic types of solder (SAC305 & Sn58Bi) pastes and two epoxy-solder (SAC305+epoxy & Sn58Bi+epoxy) pastes. In all epoxy solder joints, an epoxy fillet was formed in the hardened epoxy, lying around the outer edge of the solder joint, between the chip and the Cu pad. In order to analyze the bonding characteristics of solder joints at high temperatures, a high-temperature aging test at $150^{\circ}C$ was carried out for 14 days (336 h). After aging, the intermetallic compound $Cu_6Sn_5$ was found to have formed in the solder joint on the Cu pad, and the shear stress on the conventional solder joint was reduced by a significant amount. The reason that the shear force did not decrease much, even though in epoxy solder, was thatbecause epoxy hardened at the outer edge of the supported solder joints. Using epoxy solder, strong bonding behavior can be ensured due to this resistance to shear force, even in metallurgical changes such as those where intermetallic compounds form at solder joints.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.357-364
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• 2019

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between Internet addiction and oral health behavior among university students. The results, internet addiction was found in gender and smoking, oral health behaviors were classified according grade and smoking, differences in internet addiction were found in gender and smoking, there were statistically significant differences. And in common, high was first grades, non-health related major, smokers and drinkers, male students living at home. Oral health behaviors were found to be "lying on one side when sleeping" the highest, indicating that frequent use of the Internet occurred before sleep and thus negative oral health behaviors. In addition, there was a statistically significant correlation between college students 'oral health behavior and Internet addiction. Also, university students' internet addiction was found to be an oral health behavior. As a result of the above research, it is necessary to educate and guide appropriate internet use considering the influence on university students academic performance, and to develop oral health education program to recognize the problem of internet use regulation and the oral health behavior of university students themselves.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.63 no.2
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• pp.73-77
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• 2019

We compared methodologies based on the density functional theory (DFT), e.g., time-dependent DFT (TD-DFT), TD-DFT within Tamm-Dancoff approximation (TDA-DFT), and spin-unrestricted DFT (UDFT), that are usually employed to optimize the geometries of ${\pi}$-conjugated molecules in their lowest lying triplet excited ($T_1$) state. As a model system for ${\pi}$-conjugated molecules, we employed 1,2,3,4,5-pentacyano-6-phenyl-benzene. In conjunction with 6-31G(d) basis sets, we made use of gap-tuned range-separated ${\omega}B97X$ functional which is often employed recently in the calculations of molecular excited states. Near the equilibrium geometries, we found that the important difference between the geometries derived at UDFT level and those at TD-DFT or TDA-DFT methods: more stable ground-state energies but higher triplet excitation energies for UDFT derived geometries. In the studies, we discuss such differences in more detail.