• 대한수의학회지
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• 제50권2호
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• pp.139-143
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• 2010

A 2-month-old male Jeju native black calf with respiratory distress was died and requested to the Veterinary Pathology Laboratory of Jeju National University for diagnosis. Grossly, lungs were focally attached to the pleura and heart with fibrin. Purple red sublobar consolidations were distributed in both apical and cardiac lobes of lungs. Histopathologically, diffuse severe bronchointerstitial pneumonia characterized by multifocal necrotizing bronchiolitis, formation of numerous multinucleated syncytial cells in bronchiolar and alveolar lumens, and diffuse alveolar wall thickening were observed in lungs. Eosinophilic intracytoplasmic inclusions were observed in bronchiolar epithelial cells and syncytial cells. According to reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV) was detected in the lung of calf. Based on the histopathologic findings and RT-PCR, this calf was diagnosed as BRSV infection. In our best knowledge, this is the first case of BRSV infection in Jeju native black calf.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.25-32
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• 2015

Objectives : In this study, we investigated the effect of Cassia obtusifolia Linne (Cassiae Semen; CS) extract on ovalbumin (OVA)-induced allergic asthma in mice. Methods : CR was extracted with 70% ethanol. For in vitro study, HMC-1, human mast cells were treated with CS extract at 0.2 and $0.5mg/m{\ell}$ for 1 h, and then stimulated with compound (C) 48/80 for 30 min. Primary spleenocytes were isolated from the spleen of mice, treated with CS extract for 1 h, and then stimulated with ConA for 24 h. For in vivo study, mice were sensitized at day 0, 7 and 14 with 0.2% OVA and then airway challenged using neublizer at day 21, 23, 25, and 27 to induced allergic asthma. CS extract at doses of 100 and 300 mg/kg body weight was orally administered during OVA challenge once per a day. The levels of allergic mediators such as histamine, OVA-specific IgE, IL-4, and $IFN-{\gamma}$ were measured in the sera of mice or culture supernatants by EIA and ELISA, respectively. The expression of IL-4 and $IFN-{\gamma}$ gene was determined by RT-PCR. The histopathological change of lung tissues was observed with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and Periodic acid Schiff (PAS) staining. Results : The treatment of CS extract in HMC-1 cells significantly inhibited C48/80-induced degranulation, and histamine release. The treatment of CS extract in spleenocytes suppressed the expression of IL-4 and $IFN-{\gamma}$ mRNA. The administration of CS extract in OVA-induced asthmatic mice significantly decreased the levels of OVA-specific IgE, and IL-4 in a dose-dependent manner with OVA-control group. In addition, CS extract inhibited the infiltration of inflammatory cells and bronchiolar damage with epithelial thickening in lung tissues of OVA-induced asthma mice, and also mucin accumulation. Conclusions : These results indicate that CS extract prevents asthmatic damage through regulating the allergic immune response.

• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.109-118
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• 2000

본 연구는 전자현미경적인 방법을 이용하여 흰쥐 기관지와 폐조직에 미치는 간접흡연의 영향을 조사하였다. 실험동물은 1일 3회씩 매회 15분간, 4주 동안 비주류 담배연기를 흡입하도록 하였다. 간접흡연 그룹의 폐조직에서는 세포질내에 다수의 용해소체을 함유하고 있는 중성구, 그리고 다양한 크기의 용해소체와 잔사체를 함유하는 대식 세포가 관찰되었다. 또한 폐포격벽은 팽대되었으며 섬유화현상이 나타났다. 기관지상피는 섬모상피세포가 점차 소실되었고, 분비세포 또는 배상세포들은 그 수가 증가하였으며, 섬모가 소실되고 표면적이 확장된 배상세포도 관찰되었다. 본 연구결과 이러한 미세구조의 변화는 간접흡연에 의한 세포상해의 전형적인 결과로 파악된다.

• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.192-194
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• 2022

The trophic factor Neuregulin-1 (NRG-1) plays a critical role in the development of the peripheral nervous system and the repair of nerve injuries. The regulation of neutrophil apoptosis by cytokine secretion from structural cells is an important process in inflammatory diseases, including asthma. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between NRG-1 and the alteration of neutrophil apoptosis by the regulation of cytokine release in the human lung epithelial BEAS-2B cells. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) induce the increase in the release of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1). NRG-1 alone had no effect on the secretion of IL-6, IL-8, and MCP-1. However, co-treatment of TNF-α and IFN-γ with NRG-1 inhibited the secretion of IL-6, IL-8, and MCP-1 that had been increased by TNF-α and IFN-γ. Treatment with NRG-1 did not have a direct effect on neutrophil apoptosis. Co-treatment of TNF-α and IFN-γ with NRG-1 was not effective on suppression of neutrophil apoptosis due to TNF-α and IFN-γ. The supernatant of BEAS-2B cells after co-treatment of TNF-α and IFN-γ with NRG-1 suppressed the inhibition of neutrophil apoptosis that had been caused due to the supernatant treated with TNF-α and IFN-γ. Taken together, NRG-1 has an anti-inflammatory effect in an inflammatory milieu by the regulation of cytokine secretion and neutrophil apoptosis.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.521-532
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• 2006

Backgrounds and Objectives: A major goat in asthma therapy isto reduce or prevent the inflammatory response associated with bronchial hyperresponsiveness, reversible airway obstruction and airway remodelling. Many studies have shown that eosinophilic infiltration is a prominent feathure in the pathophysiology of asthma. The importance of the Presence of eosinophils in the airways of asthmatics has long been recognized, but the mechanism by which these cells are recruited and retained in the lung are only now being elucidated Production of chemotactic cytokines by bronchial epithelial cells may contribute to the local accumulation of eosinophils in Patients with bronchial asthma. This study was designed to investigate the inhibitory effect of extraction of herbal dicoction, Gamichungsangbohatang(GMCSBHT) on eosinophil chemotactic cytokines. Material and Methods:We used water and 70% ethanol extracts of GMCSBHT and pulmonary epithelial cell lines A549(human type II -like epithelial cells). We estimated cytotoxic effects of GMCSBHT, and estimated the effects of water and 70% ethanol extracts of GMCSBHT on chemokines from prestimulated A549 cells by sandwich ELISA. Results: Chemokines of eotaxin, IL-8 were inhibited by GMCSBHT in dose-dependent manner. And ethanol extract of GMCSBHT has more inhibitory effects on eotaxin, IL-8 than hot water extract. Conculusions: These findings indicate that the supression of the expression of chemokines can be accomplished by GMCSBHT treatment, so GMCSBHT may inhibit the iuflammatory process by eosinophils in asthma.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제13권6호
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• pp.2429-2435
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• 2012

Methyl isocyanate may have a role in cancer etiology, although the link is unclear. There is evidence in the literature that it can induce cancer in animals but the carcinogenic potency is weak. Pheochromocytoma of adrenal medulla and acinar cell tumors of pancreas have been observed in methyl isocyanate exposed animals. Conversely, emerging data from population-based epidemiological studies are contradictory since there is no evidence of such cancers in methyl isocyanate exposed humans. Recently, we reported a high prevalence of breast and lung cancers in such a population in Bhopal. In vitro findings appearing in the latest scientific literature suggest that genomic instability is caused by methyl isocyanate analogs in lung, colon, kidney, ovary epithelial cells, and that hepatocytes may undergo oncogenic transformation, have obvious implications. The conflicting information prompted us to present this update over the last three decades on methyl isocyanate-induced cancers after an extensive literature search using PubMed. While the pertinent literature remains limited, with a scarcity of strong laboratory analyses and field-epidemiological investigations, our succinct review of animal and human epidemiological data including in vitro evidences, should hopefully provide more insight to researchers, toxicologists, and public health professionals concerned with validation of the carcinogenicity of methyl isocyanate in humans.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.324-335
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• 1979

During the period of 4 years from August 1975 to August 1979 one hundred and forty seven cases of lung cancer were seen at Paik Foundation Hospital in Seoul, Korea. Among these 147 cases, 104 patients had primary carcinoma of the lung and the remainder was metastatic carcinoma to the lung. Among these 104 primary carcinoma patients, 73 cases were proven histologically as primary carcinoma of the lung. There were three cases of alveolar cell carcinoma [Table 1 ]. This clinical observation is based on those 73 cases including three case reports of the alveolar cell carcinoma. 1. Peak incidence was observed in the 5th decade of life. Male to female ratio was 2 to 1 [Fig. 1]. 2. Pathological classifications were as follows: epidermoid carcinoma, 24 cases [32.9%]; undifferentiated carcinoma, 20 cases [27.4%]; adenocarcinoma, 15 cases [20.5%]; bronchioloalveolar carcinoma [5.5%] and positive cytology, 10 cases [13.7%] [Fig. 2]. 3. Evidence of inoperability was observed in 55 patients [75% of the 73 cases] [Table 3]. 4. Among those 73 cases, operability was evaluated in 18 patients or 25%. One patient refused operation and 17 patients [23.6%] were explored. In 11 [15%] out of 17 patients, thoracotomies were performed. Six cases were pneumonectomies and 5 cases were lobectomies or bilobectomies [Fig. 3]. 5. First case of alveolar cell carcinoma was a 46 year-old housewife complaining of cough and hemoptysis for one year. The plain chest X-ray and bronchogram showed characteristic pictures as Figures 4 and 5. A pneumonectomy was carried out. Histologically, a beautiful alveolar carcinoma consisted of the characteristic tall columnar epithelial cells, which were lining the alveolar spaces as seen in Figures 6, 7, 8, and 20. 6. In the second case of 41 year old male, predominant clinical feature was single, well defined mass in the right lower lobe [Fig. 10 and 11] on chest X-ray. Bilobectomized specimen showed fragile, soft and hard tissue containing mucoid secretions and focal yellowish necrosis with pigmentation on cut surface [Fig. 12]. Slides showed tumor cells lined up along the alveolar septa with papillary projections [Fig. 13 and 14]. 7. Third case of alveolar cell carcinoma was a 50-year-old housewife with hemoptysis. An outstanding clinical picture was a round to lobulated mass in the right upper lobe [Fig. 16]. She is living now, 2 years and 1 month post-operatively, but has arrived at terminal stage with military nodular disseminations to the contralateral lung [Fig. 19].

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제39권2호
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• pp.318-326
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• 1999

Respiratory pathogenic effects of several porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus(PRRSV) isolates were examined in swine tracheal ring(STR) cultures by examining their effect on ciliary activity. One high and one low pathogenic PRRSV isolates were then selected and their pathogenicity investigated in 3-week-old conventional PRRSV-seronegative pigs. Ten pigs each were inoculated intranasally with the high or low pathogenic PRRSV isolate and 6 pigs were sham inoculated as negative controls. Two pigs each from the inoculated group and one pig each from negative control group were killed on 4, 7, 14, 21 and 28 days postinoculation(pI). At necropsy, degrees of gross lung lesion was determined. Turbinate, tonsil, trachea and lung samples were collected for virus isolation or histopathology. Gross lung lesions were observed mainly on 14 days PI with high and low pathogenic isolates inducing moderate diffuse and mild gross lung lesions, respectively. Inoculation of either the high or low pathogenic virus resulted in loss of cilia in ciliated epithelium of turbinates and trachea between 7 and 28 days PI. High pathogenic virus caused increased number of Goblet cells in the tracheal epithelial layer between 4 and 21 days PI whereas the low pathogenic virus did it between 14 and 28 days PI and with a lesser degree. Although both viruses produced interstitial pneumonia, the lesion was less severe with the low pathogenic virus. The isolation of high pathogenic virus from tissues and sera was earlier and more consistent than that of the low pathogenic virus. The agreement between in vitro and in vivo tests indicates that STR cultures may be used as a routine method to determine the respiratory pathogenicity of PRRSV isolates.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제23권6호
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• pp.1349-1357
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• 2009

This study was performed to investigate the effects of Shigyungbanha-tang(SGT) on the lipopolysaccharide(LPS) induced acute lung injury(ALI) in mice. 1 and 24 h before LPS intratracheal instillation, control group was taken distilled water orally. Treated groups was taken each concentrate SGT(2.5 g/kg, 6.7 g/kg) by orally as same times. Normal group was not instilled with LPS and was taken distilled water. 24 h after LPS intratracheal instillation, lung histology was performed in inflated-fixed lungs in 3 mice of each groups. The other mice of each groups, bronchoalveolar lavege fluids(BALF) was obtained to measure proinflammatory cytokines(TNF-$\alpha$, IL-$1{\beta}$, IL-6) and blood sample was obtained to measure white blood cell(WBC). In vitro, the effect of SGT($100\;ug/m{\ell}$, $500\;ug/m{\ell}$, $1000\;ug/m{\ell}$) on the release of RANTES, TARC induced by TNF-$\alpha$ and IL-4 in human alveolar epithelial cell(A549) was examined. Histopathologically, SGT prevented LPS-induced lung injury. SGT decreased protein, TNF-$\alpha$, IL-$1{\beta}$ and IL-6 according to concentrations. In vitro, $500\;ug/m{\ell}$, $1000\;ug/m{\ell}$ concentrate SGT suppressed the expression of RANTES and TARC on A549 cells. On the basis of these results, SGT had a markedly anti-inflammatory effect in a clinically relevant model of ALI. Nevertheless, further investigations are required to determine the potential clinical usefulness of SGT in the adjunctive therapy of ALI.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제60권4호
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• pp.229-239
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• 2022

The high percentage of Vermamoeba was found in tap water in Korea. This study investigated whether Vermamoeba induced allergic airway inflammation in mice. We selected 2 free-living amoebas (FLAs) isolated from tap water, which included Korean FLA 5 (KFA5; Vermamoeba vermiformis) and 21 (an homolog of Acanthamoeba lugdunensis KA/E2). We axenically cultured KFA5 and KFA21. We applied approximately 1×10⁶ to mice's nasal passages 6 times and investigated their pathogenicity. The airway resistance value was significantly increased after KFA5 and KFA21 treatments. The eosinophil recruitment and goblet cell hyperplasia were concomitantly observed in bronchial alveolar lavage (BAL) fluid and lung tissue in mice infected with KFA5 and KFA21. These infections also activated the Th2-related interleukin 25, thymic stromal lymphopoietin, and thymus and activation-regulated chemokines gene expression in mouse lung epithelial cells. The CD4⁺ interleukin 4⁺ cell population was increased in the lung, and the secretion of Th2-, Th17-, and Th1-associated cytokines were upregulated during KFA5 and KFA21 infection in the spleen, lung-draining lymph nodes, and BAL fluid. The pathogenicity (allergenicity) of KFA5 and KFA21 might not have drastically changed during the long-term in vitro culture. Our results suggested that Vermamoeba could elicit allergic airway inflammation and may be an airway allergen.