• 동서간호학연구지
• /
• 제11권1호
• /
• pp.75-87
• /
• 2005

The purpose of this research was to observe the children's perception for divorce remarriage and resilience according to their gender and school grades so that the relation between children's resilience and the perception for parents' divorce and remarriage could be established theoretically, practically and educationally. The subjects were 537 elementary school students who were in 4, 5, 6 grades, The data was collected by a self-administered socio-demographics and children's perceptions for divorce remarriage and resilience. The data from this research were analyzed by using SAS program. The results were as following: 1. The female students had the positive perceptions about divorce even if there was no statistical significant differences in the perception between male and female students, and the more optimistic ideas towards divorce also apply to the higher grade students rather than the lower grade ones. 2. The female students showed more positive perceptions for remarriage more than the male did. There was no statistical significant difference in the general idea about remarriage according to the school grades, but in terms of the absence of children and the financial status, the statistical significant differences existed. 3. The students' resilience was higher in the females rather than in the males and became lower with the grade. 4. There were no relations between divorce remarriage and children's resilience degrees. As mentioned above, the students' perceptions for divorce remarriage and resilience expressed differently according to genders and school grades. The result of this study can be used for the counseling and developing the programs for the families which experience divorce and remarriage.

• 한국지역사회생활과학회지
• /
• 제25권3호
• /
• pp.363-372
• /
• 2014

This study was examined the quality characteristics of 20 types of non-sterilized commercial Makgeolli. These samples are classified according to firm size, enterprise Makgeolli(4 samples), prize-winning Makgeolli(6) and local Makgeolli(10). The alcohol contents of Makgeolli was determinded as follows: enterprise Makgeolli(6.18%), local Makgeolli(7.11%), and award-winning( 7.87%). Enterprise Makgeolli(0.24%) showed higher total acidity than award-winning and local Makgeolli(0.21%). In addition, pH levels were as follows: local Makgeolli(3.75), award-winning Makgeolli(3.77), and enterprise Makgeolli(4.09). Enterprise Makgeolli had the lowest sugar content. According to the sensory evaluation, three grades were identified based on balance and taste(5 points). The upper grade(more than 3 points) showed a higher pH, reducing sugar, higher aminoacidity, more soluble solids, and larger color differences than other grades. There were no significant differences in the level of acidity across the grades. The alcohol and volatile acid contents of the upper grade were lower than the middle(2.0-2.9 points) and lower(under 2.0 points) grades. Further research should provide a quality analysis of leavening agents and fermentation conditions, and a sensory evaluation.

• 보건교육건강증진학회지
• /
• 제16권2호
• /
• pp.55-66
• /
• 1999

To evaluate the status of the contact to lascivious computer programs and sexual attitude and behaviour by the grades of middle school boy students, the questionnaire survey was done on 715 students of five middle schools in Pusan and Kimhae area from December 15 to December 24, 1997. The data were analyzed by PC SAS; $X^2$ -test. The level of significance was 0.05. 404 students (56.5%) had a personal computer in their home. 516 students(72.2%) have experienced of using a computer program. 294(57%) of them usually played a game with computer. 514 students(71.9%) had experiences of the contact to a lascivious computer program, which increased with the grades of the students(p〈0.05). The first exposure to a lascivious program was when they were elementary school students in 24.6% of first grade middle school student, 13.8% of second grade, and 11.3% of 3rd grade students. 92% of the students was introduced to first contact through their friends. 63.7% of them watch the program at their friends home. The most common drives to contact to a lascivious programs were curiosity (53%). Sexual desire was a higher drive in third grade students (20.6%) than lower grades. After contacting to a computer lascivious program, desire of masterbation was more frequent in lower grade students. and feeling disgust was more frequent in higher grade students (p〈0.05). Frequence of masterbation or sexual intercourse was higher in high grade students(p〈0.05) In conclusion, distribution and popular use of computer attributes to the increased exposure to lascivious programs and lowering the age of first exposure. There was the difference according to the grades in the feeling and sexual behaviour after contacting to computer lascivious program. Appropriate methods to protect young students to contact a lascivious program should be sought. The use of computer should be educated in elementary school students accompanied by proper sex education.

• 한국초등과학교육학회지:초등과학교육
• /
• 제23권3호
• /
• pp.199-207
• /
• 2004

Elementary science curriculum is designed to be closely-related magnetism with electricity in a physics domain and this paper explored whether elementary school students have recognized of relationships between them and whether there are any trends in the degree of recognition by grades. The elementary students of 3rd to 6th grade (total 154 persons) in a school in a local city participated in the experiment. Two forms of questionnaire were administrated to each grades. In the first questionnaire about magnetism, students were asked to rank the physics terms as the degree of proximity into magnetism and to write briefly the reason. In the second questionnaire about electricity, students were asked to do the same routine. The closer to the central term in the diagram, the lower score were given and the terms were classified as closely related to magnetism, electricity and the rest. Calculated the response frequency and averaged by the ranked terms, it was examined that the scores of proximity in how students closely rated conception to magnetism and electricity. The result said that the upper grades students showed the degree of proximity with magnetism and electricity as closely. Therefore, the sequence of comprehension of magnetism and electricity concept, which was found in the elementary school curriculum, seems to be found in the elementary students＇ recognitions by grades.

• 한국초등수학교육학회지
• /
• 제15권2호
• /
• pp.417-435
• /
• 2011

본 연구는 우리나라 초등학교 5, 6학년 학생들의 수학적 정당화의 단계와 수학적 증명을 배우기 전의 중학교 1학년 학생과 2학년 학생, 수학적 증명을 배운 후인 중학교 3학년 학생들의 수학적 정당화에 대한 인식과 수학적 정당화의 단계를 알아보기 위한 것이다. 먼저 수학적 정당화에 대한 인식을 조사한 결과 설문에 참여한 학생들의 73.4%의 학생들이 수학적 정당화의 필요성을 느끼고 있었다. 그리고 수학적 정당화의 단계를 조사한 결과, 중학교 3학년뿐만 아니라 초등학교 5학년에서부터 중학교 2학년을 포함한 모든 학년에서 단순 연역적 정당화 단계의 비율이 가장 높게 나타났다. 특히 수학적 정당화의 단계는 성취수준과 밀접한 관계가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 4단계의 수학적 정당화를 하는 학생의 비율이 상위의 성취 수준 학생비율이 가장 높게 그리고 중위의 성취수준의 학생 그 다음으로 하위 성취수준의 학생으로 나타났다. 설문조사에서 서술형 문항을 통하여 친구에게와 교사에게 나누어 수학적 정당화를 시도한 결과, 교사에게 수학적 정당화를 시도하는 경우에 보다 높은 수학적 정당화를 하였다. 본 연구의 결과는 귀납적 추론에 중점을 두고 있는 초등학교 교육에서 연역적 정당화를 보다 적극적으로 지도하여 상급 학년에서의 겪게 되는 수학적 정당화의 어려움을 줄여 주어야 한다는 것을 시사해 준다.

• 한국치위생학회지
• /
• 제9권4호
• /
• pp.808-823
• /
• 2009

Objectives : This study was to suggest the basic data to develop the national exam contents for dental hygiene by comparing with those of other country. Methods : Several dental hygiene education course results were reviewed, and analyzed the culture subjects, basic major subjects, educational subjects, national exam contents in 3 or 4 years dental hygiene curriculum. Results : In Korea, grades of culture subjects in dental hygiene curriculum were different between 3 and 4 years education course, mean grades were 10.4, and 34.5 respectively. While there were few different between 3 and 4 years education course, mean grades were 36, and 36.5 respectively in foreign country. In Korea, grades of major subjects in dental hygiene curriculum were similar between 3 and 4 years education course as mean grades of 110, while there were different between 3 and 4 years education course, mean grades were 60 and 80 respectively in foreign country. In Korea, number of major subject was higher in 4 years(n=61) than 3 years(n=54). However, it was lower in 4 years(n=27) than in 3 years(n=33) in foreign country. Total grade number was 129 in 3 years, and 145 in 4 years in Korea, while it was 97 in 3 years, and 116 in 4 years in foreign country. By analyzing 3 years education course, culture subject was 9.5%, basic health was 11.2%, oral biology was 11.2%, clinical dentistry was 20.7%, public oral health was 10.4%, oral hygiene care was 35.9%, management of dental clinic was 9.4%, education was 2.8% in Korea. In USA, dental hygiene examination contains practice work as major part, while theory was thought of as most important things in korea. Conclusions : It is necessary to improve learning course of dental hygiene curriculum on the basis of other country's system, and then it could be possible to development of good quality's national examination contents, thus good quality of dental hygiene personnel would be turned out in Korea.

• 가족자원경영과 정책
• /
• 제18권3호
• /
• pp.41-59
• /
• 2014

This study investigate the balance between work and family of married working women. Data from 12 married working women who have child(ren) in age 7-9. was collected through in-depth interviews. The interviews was to examine their child-caring and the balance between work and family. The results show that the child(ren)'s age, the quality of after school program, the time to go to work and out of work, the type of work and labor flexibility were the important factors which affect the everyday child-caring. The respondents were unsatisfied with their balance between work and family, especially they felt that their leisure time is insufficient, but they seemed to accept this unbalance to some extent because they recognize the child-caring is more important than their balance between work and family in this life cycle. In conclusion the public support for the child-caring of dual-earner families with the child(ren) in lower grades has to be more extended because the support system and services for this life cycle are weak and insufficient compared with the support system for the child(ren) of the preschool ages. The currently public services for child-caring are still far from their needs to achieve the balance between work and family. So the whole child care support policies and systems are to be continued with more balanced perspectives and practical programs.

• 정보교육학회논문지
• /
• 제25권5호
• /
• pp.847-857
• /
• 2021

최근 국내 학교에서는 코로나-19와 심각한 기후 위기와 관련 환경교육과 빠르게 우리에게 다가온 4차산업혁명 관련 인공지능교육에 대한 관심도가 날로 높아지고 있다. 특히 인공지능교육은 초등학교 5~6학년에 적용될 가능성이 높아 1~4학년과의 연계성 관련 대책이 필요한 실정이다. 또한, 초등학교 저학년은 컴퓨터에 능숙하지 않은 학생들이 많아 현재 사용되는 교구를 사용하기에 많은 제한이 따를 수 있다. 따라서 이 연구에서는 인공지능교육의 연계성 확보를 위해 초등학교 저학년 대상 인공지능교육 프로그램을 개발하고자 하였다. 프로그램의 주제는 최근 관심도가 높아지고 있는 환경교육 주제를 바탕으로 개발하였다. 교육방법은 초등학교 저학년 학생 발달단계를 고려하여 컴퓨터 없이 놀이와 게임을 활용한 언플러그드와 여러 교과와 융합하여 교육하는 STEAM 교육방법을 활용하였다. 프로그램의 타당성 검증을 위해서 Lawshe(1975)의 내용타당도 비율(Content Validity Ratio: CVR) 계산 공식을 활용하였다. 검증 결과는 전체 프로그램 모두 개발 취지에 적합한 것으로 분석되었다. 향후 이 연구에서 제안한 프로그램을 초등학교 저학년 학생에게 적용하여 효과성 정도를 측정할 필요가 있겠다.

• 한국의류학회지
• /
• 제27권1호
• /
• pp.143-153
• /
• 2003

This study was conducted in order to provide basic study material for children's garment design. The subjects of this study are fifth and sixth grade elementary school girls, who demonstrate rapid growth and the differences among individual somatic types are apparent. Their bodies are studied, categorized into patterns and the characteristics are examined. 1 The increase of height and length measurements according to age increase are much larger than that of breadth, depth and girth menasurments. 2. Eight factors are drawn upon factor analysis and the rate of factors comprisedare 78.68%. 3. The shapes of lower body of higher grades girls in elementary school are classified into three categories. The first type is slender in lower body and the second type is more contoured around waist area with longer length and higher height than the average elementary school girls. The third type is heavy in the lower body. 4. Eighteen items important for somatic categorization are selected through stepwise discriminant analysis and the exactitude rate of these items is 93.3%.

• 한국초등과학교육학회지:초등과학교육
• /
• 제24권1호
• /
• pp.51-58
• /
• 2005

The purpose of this study was to investigate the elementary students' academic ability in science and cognitive language ability according to gender, and their correlation. To this study, above two tests were conducted to 600 elementary students, and 496 students of them were analyzed. The test of academic ability in science was classified for lower students (1$\~$3 grades) and upper students (4$\~$6 grades), which consisted of scientific knowledge, process skill, and inquiry context. The reliability (Cronbach $\alpha$) of each test showed 0.7581 in lower students and 0.7831 in upper students. Also the reliability of cognitive language ability test was 0.7788. The results of this study were as follows: First, there were no significant differences in academic ability in science according to gender except 3rd grade. Second, there were significant differences in cognitive language ability according to gender. Third, in the correlation between academic ability in science and cognitive language ability, it showed low coefficient in lower students and high coefficient in upper students.