• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.53 no.4
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• pp.149-162
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• 2003

This study is designed for examining the names of men's and women's clothing of Choseon period, which can be divided into the upper, the lower, and the outer garments based on yu유, go고, po포 from the early period. Furthermore, amongst these various garments, this study shall define some kinds of clothing, which is shared its name and its use by both men and women, as the unisex clothing. Lastly we analyzed the special characteristics of this unisex clothing. With the names of clothing in Choseon period, we could understand about the difference of clothing's development by the names for the upper, lower, and outer garments as gender. And we also found the names for the unisex clothing in that period. The names of unisex clothing in Choseon period can roughly be divided into three garments; the upper, the lower, and the outer. Each category can also be subdivided into tku: i. e. the upper garments into jeogori저고리, hansam한삼, sama 삼아, jeoksam적삼, donguidae동의대, and godo고도; the lower garments into go고, gonja고자, and baji[paji파지, pachi파저］; and the outer garments into jangui장의, baeja배자, and juui주의. Furthermore, we can recognize that the shapes and uses of clothes in that period had been represented differently between the men's and women's.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.278-292
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• 2008

The purpose of this study is to propose apparel sizing system for each body shape of early adolescent boys. The subjects of this study were 549 boys in the capital area. Their body shapes were classified based on 47 anthropometric measurements, 43 photographic measurements and 10 indexed measurements. The apparel sizing system was proposed for each body shape. For data analysis were performed descriptive statistics, correlation analysis and crosstabulation using SPSS Ver. 12. The control dimensions to propose apparel sizing system were stature and waist circumference for the lower garments. Intervals between sizes were 5cm for stature and irregular for waist circumference. For each type, $5{\sim}8$ sizes were proposed for lower garments. Reference measurements suggested fur lower garments were 7 items. This study is meaningful in that it proposed apparel sizing system for each type of body shape. The results of this study are expected to contribute to planning sizes according to the type of body shape and improving the fitness of ready-made clothes in apparel and school uniform manufacturers.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.575-583
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• 1999

Abstract The purpose of this study was to propose a new size-spec. which was applied to four frontal bodytype -X, Y, A and H type-of adult women. Control dimensions of the upper garments were stature bust girth and hip girth. And those of lower garments were waist girth and hip girth. To establish the interval of the control dimensions means and standard deviations were used. By distributing the data of 486 subjects a new size-spec. was proposed. According to the new size-spec. in case of upper garments about 45.7% of subjects were covered by 37 size-speces. and lower garments about 85.9% were covered by 36 The strong point of new size-spec. is to consider the formal feature of each bodytypes. So by trying to apply the new size-spec. to rady-made garments comfort and fitness of those are satisfied.

• Korean Journal of Rural Living Science
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.121-128
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• 1996

This study was performed to define the effects of Far Infrared Ray Radiation Fabrics as summer garments during outdoor work by human trial. One healthy male subject was volunteered for this study. Experimental garments consisted of three kinds of trousers (Cotton, Cotton/linen blended, Far Infrared Ray Radiation Fabric/wool blended) and basic garments (panty, socks, shirts, and dress shirts). The measurements were rectal temp., skin temp., microclimate inside clothing, heart rate, subjective sensation etc. The results were as follows : 1. Rectal temperature showed the lowest in Far Infrared Ray Radiation Fabrics among 3 garments. 2. Skin temperature (forehead, chest abdomen temp.) and mean skin temperature were lower in Far Infrared Ray Radiation Fabrics than in others, especially during early stage of work. 3. Heart rate showed lower value in Far Infrared Ray Radiation Fabrics than in others but there was no significance among the garments. 4. Humidity inside clothing and total weight loss showed the highest value in Far Infrared Ray Radiation Fabrics.

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.21-30
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• 2008

This study conducted a survey to compare the size of ready-made clothes for different body shapes and body sizes, and to discover the differences in satisfaction with the size of ready-made clothes. The subjects were women in their 208 and 308 from Busan and Gyeongnam. The women were classified into groups: normal weight, overweight, and obese, using the Body Mass Index (BMI). The comparison of the body size showed a significant difference among the shapes; the average BMI in overweight women was 24.2 while that of obese women was 27.6. For the clothing size for each body shape, obese women most often wore size 77 and size 88, regardless of the sizes of upper and lower garments. The size consistency of upper and lower garments was the lowest in obese women. However, in most of the shapes, women tended to choose larger-sizes for lower garments than for upper ones. The more obese the subject, the less inclined they were to wear garments for their real body size. Satisfaction with the clothing size was significantly different between body shapes; the more obese, the lower the level of satisfaction with the size. As well, satisfaction with the fit of clothing at certain parts was shown to be low especially in the bust measurement, shoulder width, upper garment length, crotch length, and thigh circumference. When surveyed about the use of alterations for different body shapes, the results were that over 65% of subjects did not alter upper garments regardless of their body shape. Comparatively, 68% or above of all body shapes did do alterations to lower garments for example, the length of pants or skirts.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.588-596
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• 2010

This study suggest the size designation and standard nude size in relation to upper and lower garments for casual clothing brands targeting men aged 25 to 34. The nude size designation of upper garments was set at intervals of 5cm based on the bust (97cm). The clothing industry has used different nude size and designations; therefore, the following measurements were established to correspond to each other: bust 87cm- designation 90, bust 92cm- designation 95, bust 97 cm-designation 100, bust 102cm- designation 105, and bust 107cm- designation 110. The nude size designation of lower garments was set at intervals of 2cm based on the waist circumference (omphalion) and the nude size; the clothing designations were used equally. In addition, the standard nude size for upper and lower garments was set at intervals of bust (97cm) and of waist circumference (82cm), respectively, in order to suggest a detailed size.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.273-282
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• 1994

The physiological significances of the upper and lower body on thermoregulation and sensation were studied in this paper. Experiments were carried out on 4 females in a climatic chamber conditioned at 1) $25^{\circ}C\rightarrow35^{\circ}C\rightarrow25^{\circ}C$, 2) $25^{\circ}C\rightarrow15^{\circ}C\rightarrow25^{\circ}C$, both with 50% R.H., covering the upper body (U) or lower body (L) with garments. 1. When the upper or lower body is covered or exposured respectively, the mean skin tempterature of upper body is higher than that of lower body. And upper body is more easily influenced by the environmental temperature than lower body. It means the skin temperatures of the upper body change faster than those of the lower body following the environmental changes. 2. In U and L, the skin temperatures of the upper limbs (thighs, upper arms) are lower than those of the peripherals (hands, feet). 3. Warm sensations and skin temperatures of the upper body showed high correlation and it was the case with cold sensations and skin temperatures of the lower body. 4. In high temperature condition $(25^{\circ}C\rightarrow35^{\circ}C\rightarrow25^{\circ}C)$, mean skill temperature and rectal temperature in L were lower than in U. This lower rectal temperature in L is probably due to the insulation of the lower body with garments that promotes the heat radiation only in the high temperature environment.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.52 no.2
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• pp.103-113
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• 2002

Heungdukwang'(興德王) costume ordinance(834A.D.) is a very important written historical record because it reveals Tongil Shills's(統一新羅) costume. But among the clothing pieces that appeared in Heundukwang'(興德王) costume ordinance, classification of Naeoe(內衣) and Danoe(短衣) is not clear. This study focuses on the categorization of Naeoe(內衣) and Danoe(短衣). Upper garments included among costume ordinance were Pyooe(表衣), Naeoe(內衣) and Danoe(短衣), Pyooe(表衣) and aeoe(內衣) were unisex, while Danoe(短衣) was worn only by women excluding the lower class. Pyooe(表衣) is applicable to Po(袍), Naeoe(內衣) is aplicable to Yu(유). Shilla'(新羅) upper garments appearing in visual records are as follows: -With the exception of Pyooe(表衣), the length of men's upper garments were between hip and knee length. These upper garments featured V-neck and round neck styles with the left side of the garments folded over the right side. -Again excluding Pyooe(表衣), women's upper garments were similar to men's upper garments having V-neck and round necklines. We know this to be true from the relics found during the excavations of Hwangsungdong and Yonggangdong, as well as from the women in the stone reliefs of Sangju. Although we know the shape of necklines. the length of upper garments remained a mystery because women of that tome tucked in their upper garments into the skirts and/or wore an over garment. However a clay doll found around Bulguksa(佛國寺) wearing a knee length garment with V-neck. The upper garment was opened in the front and was worn over another garment with same length and round neckline. At that time, The upper garments found in China and Japan. were not much different than those found in Shilla (新羅). They also included garments that were waist length, had peach-shaped necklines, or were worn over head. Shilla's(新羅) traditional upper garment was between hip and knee length, but with the introduction and influence of Chinese costume. upper garments with a length coming down to the high waist line began to appear. In addition to Chinese influence, because Shilla's(新羅) women wore the upper garment first and then the lower garment, a long upper garment was not necessary. These shorter upper garments came to be known as 'Danoe(短衣)'When we perceive clothing. we look at silhouette first and then the details. Silhouette is much determined by length and neckline or the front of the garment determines the details, So we need to attention to the basis of ancient dress classifications. These classifications were according to first length [Po(袍), Yu(유)] and then neckline [Danryoung(團領), Jingryoung(首領)]. As a result. Naeoe(內衣) and Danoe(短衣) are classified by the length. The length (內衣) was between hip and knee length while Daneoe(短衣) was waist length. Danoe(短衣) was worn by putting the bottom of it inside skirt naeoe(內衣) was worn over a skirt or plant. But both had V-neck and round neck styles, and styles with the left side of the garments folded over the right side.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.1037-1045
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• 2001

This research is done to design and manufacture prototype clean room garments to improve the product yield of the clean room processing. To assist the research, other papers and references on the same subject were collected for analysis. Also the researcher made interviews with the workers at the clean room. The prototype garments made for this project was compared against the commercially available clean room garments used in the industry. A set of test was conducted to measure particle release from the garments. The prototype clean room garments was manufactured after having considered all the aspects stated above, and tested for the level of particle release. The test subjects performed 4 different movements(marching, arms stretch, squat and rise, and jogging) while wearing the prototype garments and commercially available clean room garments. Particle counts produced by each movement were measured. The data collected was statistically analyzed. The followings are the result of the test. 1) Overall, the prototype garments yielded less particle release.(p<0.001) 2) It showed greatest difference of particle counts for jogging(p<0.001) and squat and rise(p<0.001). In the arms stretch test. the prototype garments was also more effective in controling the particle, however, in the marching test. no significant difference was detected. 3) The prototype garments had less particle release in upper(p<0.001), middle(p< 0.001), and lower level(p<0.01) than the commercially available clean room garments. Manufacturing a new fabric for the clean room processing is important, but this research proves that the design of the clean room garments also determines the efficiency garments in the particle control. Therefore the same fabric can perform differently according to how it is designed. Improving the design will also improve the 7article control and reduce the cost of research. Eventually, the manufacturers will increase the product yield.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.1-15
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• 2004

The purpose of this study is to provide for some basic data useful to production of the apparels fit and measured well for the Chinese men. For this purpose, Chinese men's apparel measurements and specifications were determined per area group(Beijing/ Shanghai) according to the Men's Wear Specifications (GB/T 1335.1-1997), National Standards of People's Republic of China. The collected data were statistically processed using SAS 6.12 for technical statistical analysis, correlation analysis, factor analysis, group-wise analysis and ANOVA. The results of this study can be summarized as follows; 1. As a result of dividing the Chinese men into Beijing and Shanghai men and thereby, setting height and upper chest circumference for upper garments and height and waist for lower garments. 2. Analyzing the correlations according to the three-fold classifications of height/upper chest circumference/waist for garment specifications, 17 specifications based on heights and upper chest circumferences for Beijing men's upper garments could be designed within the deviation level of 2%, while 15 specifications based on waist measurements could be designed (between $70{\sim}98cm$) for their lower garments within the deviation level of 4%. Thus, a total of 60 combinations of the specifications could be obtained. 3. 16 specifications based on heights and upper chest circumferences for Shanghai men's upper garments could be designed within the deviation level of 2%, while 16 specifications based on waist measurements could be designed (between $68{\sim}98cm$) for their lower garments within the deviation level of 3%. Thus, a total of 56 combinations of the specifications could be obtained. For other reference measurements, grading measures were set for each type and body part, while the average measures of major body parts were calculated.