• Journal of the Korean Institute of Educational Facilities
• /
• v.25 no.4
• /
• pp.11-18
• /
• 2018

Global warming is happening now and inevitable. Everyone knows that immediate action should be taken to slow it down, but uncertain about the effective solution. Despite global efforts to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, sea levels are rising gradually. In 2013, Cornell University announced the Climate Action Plan(CAP) to make the campus greener, to reduce waste, and to ensure efficient use of resources. In particular, they set a goal of reducing energy use by 2050 and making carbon emissions to zero. Accordingly, the purpose of this study is to analyse the case of the master plan of Cornell Tech campus and its major buildings. Mainly, The House, faculty and student housing of Cornell Tech and the world tallest certified passive house, will be the main precedent that shows the architectural planning of passive house. Passive house technology, which was thought to be possible only in single-family houses, can be applied to high-rise buildings. If any passive house technology of The House project is actively introduced into the dormitory projects of domestic universities that are about to be built or renovated, it will be a good opportunity for the university to take the lead in preparing for global warming.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
• /
• v.20 no.6
• /
• pp.1-10
• /
• 2009

Rapid social change affects residential environments and this in turn creates new stimuli to which people have to adapt. These stimuli have been seen to increase stress levels. Therefore, dwellers in these environments try to reduce stress through various methods. The purpose of this paper is to: 1) identify the general trends of coping styles about residential environmental stress, 2) analyze the differences in socio-demographic characteristics and how the physical characteristics of buildings affect stress, find out how personal backgrounds affect stress levels and the ability to get rid of environmental-related stress. The subjects in this study consisted of people living in multi-family housing in Gwangju. The city is divided into 5 districts and used quota sampling. 324 housewives were surveyed from the households by self-administered questionnaires. The survey was conducted in December, 2006, after the questionnaire was revised based on the results of preliminary survey. After all the questionnaires were collected, the data was coded and analyzed using the SPSS 12.0 program. This study confirmed that the manner in which those in multi-family housing coped with stress. Especially, we need a policy which seriously considers residents who are of low social-economic standing. As well as being exposed to residential environmental stress, they also have no means to deal with it. The age of a building had a strong impact on coping styles about residential environmental stress. We have to make special studies about the adaptive reuse of buildings for the reduction of residential environmental stress and to greatly improve coping styles. In conclusion, it emphasized the importance of education, information, and economic aid. Reasonable housing management would surely lead to a rise in residential satisfaction and the promotion of residential welfare.

• Journal of the Earthquake Engineering Society of Korea
• /
• v.23 no.3
• /
• pp.159-167
• /
• 2019

2016 Gyeongju and 2017 Pohang earthquakes led Koreans to acknowledge that the Korean peninsula is not an earthquake-free zone anymore. Among various buildings crucial to after-shock recovery, general hospital buildings, especially existing old ones, are very significant so seismic retrofitting of those must be an important issue. Self-centering energy dissipative(SCED) brace is one of retrofitting methods, which consists of tendon with restoring force and friction device capable of dissipating seismic energy. The strength of the SCED brace is that the tendon forces a structure to go back to the original position, which means residual drift can be negligible. The residual drift is a very important parameter to determine usableness of general hospitals after shock. To the contrary, buckling-restrained braces(BRB) are also a very effective way to retrofit because they can resist both compressive and tensile, but residual drift may exist when the steel core yields. On this background, the seismic retrofitting effect of general hospitals reinforced with SCED braces was investigated and compared to that of the BRD in this study. As a result, although the floor acceleration cannot be reduced, the story drift and residual drift, and the shear demand of walls significantly decreased. Consequently, seismic retrofitting by SCED braces are very effective for domestic low-rise general hospitals.

• Journal of the Earthquake Engineering Society of Korea
• /
• v.28 no.1
• /
• pp.47-57
• /
• 2024

Recently, in newly constructed apartment buildings, the exterior wall structures have been characterized by thinness, having various openings, and a significantly low reinforcement ratio. In this study, a nonlinear finite element analysis was performed to investigate the crack damage characteristics of the exterior wall structure. The limited analysis models for a 10-story exterior wall were constructed based on the prototype apartment building, and nonlinear static analysis (push-over analysis) was performed. Based on the finite element (FE) analysis model, the parametric study was conducted to investigate the effects of various design parameters on the strength and crack width of the exterior walls. As the parameters, the vertical reinforcement ratio and horizontal reinforcement ratio of the wall, as well as the uniformly distributed longitudinal reinforcement ratio and shear reinforcement ratio of the connection beam, were addressed. The analysis results showed that the strength and deformation capacity of the prototype exterior walls were limited by the failure of the connection beam prior to the flexural yielding of the walls. Thus, the increase of wall reinforcement limitedly affected the failure modes, peak strengths, and crack damages. On the other hand, when the reinforcement ratio of the connection beams was increased, the peak strength was increased due to the increase in the load-carrying capacity of the connection beams. Further, the crack damage index decreased as the reinforcement ratio of the connection beam increased. In particular, it was more effective to increase the uniformly distributed longitudinal reinforcement ratio in the connection beams to decrease the crack damage of the coupling beams, regardless of the type of the prototype exterior walls.

• Journal of the Earthquake Engineering Society of Korea
• /
• v.22 no.4
• /
• pp.225-233
• /
• 2018

One of engineered woods, glued laminated timber (GLT), can provide a constant level of performance and desired strength even if the quality of wood is low. Due to this fact, there is a growing interest in GLT using domestic species and related research has been carried out continuously. In addition, GLT is popularly being applied to the long-span or high-rise structures overseas. However, KBC 2016 does not allow the engineered woods to be used for middle and high-rise buildings by limiting height. Therefore, a proper design procedure and rationale should be clearly presented by the help of performance-based seismic design. With this background, the goal of this study is to establish a specific procedure for design of a 9-story building with RC shear walls and GLT frames according to the performance-based design of KBC 2016. The performance objectives were set according to KBC and the acceptance criteria for each goal were defined. The RC shear walls and GLT frames were designed by concrete and wood structure requirements, respectively. Analytical models were developed to reflect their nonlinear features, and both nonlinear static and dynamic analyses were conducted. Performance evaluation results showed that the shear walls have insufficient shear strength, so they were re-designed. Consequently, it has been confirmed that GLT frames can be applied to a 9-story office building with the assistance of RC shear walls and performance-based seismic design.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
• /
• v.20 no.3
• /
• pp.209-222
• /
• 2020

The purpose of this paper is to predict the future changes of housing through the Delphi technique. The targets to predict were set by housing type, housing space, housing demand, and architectural technology. The results were as follows: ① The influences of social and value perspectives on the change of housing type, space, and demand would be high, on the other hands, the influence of political perspective would be low. ② In terms of housing type, the increase in demand for downsizing housing for high-rise buildings and the possibility of realizing remote medical support services and homecare using big data are highly predicted. That is, ③ it is anticipated that IoTs will have a significant influences on future housing changes, and ④ enactment of co-housing and related laws by the sharing economy, services for maintenance through the supply of high-rise and high-density homes, housing support for residents, and advanced lease markets by developed architectural technology are expected as anticipated forms of future housing.

• Journal of architectural history
• /
• v.11 no.2 s.30
• /
• pp.37-56
• /
• 2002

The purpose of this study is to examine the changing process of the collective housing in Korea; focusing on the alteration process of the apartment housing, which became a representative housing type in Korea, nowadays. The alteration process of the apartment housing in Korea can be divided into three stages: the introduction stage, the trial stage and the settled stage. The introduction stage is the period between 1920, when the collective-housing buildings were constructed in Korea for the first time, and the Liberation of Korea(1945). The trial stage is the period between 1945 and 1975. During this period, common housing has been constructed. And the massive apartment buildings were started to be supplied after 1975. The settled stage is the period between 1975 and the present. The main scope of this study will be the introduction and trial stages, since a lot of in-depth studies have been executed on the settled stage. The history of the collective housing of Korea starts with City Housing of Seoul, in 1921. It is guessed that this housing was to be small-sized and row-housing type. The first-built, apartment-type building, in Korea, was Mikuni Apartment House, which was constructed as a boarding room of Mikuni Company. In the introduction stage, apartment buildings were built by Japanese architects, with Japanese housing style. Most of them were planned in dormitory type, and some of them were run as tenant houses. Most of them were constructed by bricks, but sometimes by timbers. Tadami was laid in every room and inside-corridor was located in the middle of the house. Although the major style of the apartment buildings was Japanese, the Korean dwellers of those apartments has been influencing the housing type of them. In the trial stage, apartment housing has been experienced in diverse ways. With the development of building technology, floor heating system was settled in apartment housing. This improved the amenities of apartment dwelling remarkably. Although some heterogeneous characteristics still remained in the apartments of Korea, in terms of housing style, the housing style of apartments has been changed into own style of Korea, in accordance with Korean people's life style. The results of this study give us some good implications regarding contemporary housing plan: First, if the unit size of a collective housing is small, the more space could be available for community activities. Second, when planning of collective housing, more concerns should be payed on surroundings. Third, more attention should be payed about low-rise apartment housing, and more land-friendly planning would be required.

• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
• /
• v.24 no.3
• /
• pp.305-313
• /
• 2012

Unreinforced masonry buildings represent a significant portion of the existing and historical buildings around the world. Recent earthquakes have shown the need for seismic retrofitting for these types of buildings. Various types of retrofitting materials (i.e., shotcrete, ECC and Fiber Reinforced Polymer sheets (FRPs)) for unreinforced masonry buildings (URM) have been developed. Engineers prefer to use FRPs, because these materials enhance the shear strength of the wall without expansion of wall sectional area and adding weight to the total structure. However, the complexity of the mechanical behavior of the masonry wall and the lack of experimental data from walls retrofitted by FRPs may cause problems for engineers to determine an appropriate retrofitting level. This paper investigate in-plane behavior of URM and retrofitted masonry walls using two different types of FRP materials to determine and provide information for the retrofitting effect of FRPs on masonry shear walls. Specimens were designed to idealize the wall of a low-rise apartment which was built in 1970s in Korea with no seismic reinforcements with an aspect ratio of 1. Retrofitting materials were carbon FRP and Hybrid sheets which have different elastic modulus and ultimate strain capacities. Consequently, this study evaluated the structural capacity of masonry shear walls and the retrofitting effect of an FRP sheet for in-plane behavior. Also, the results were compared to the results obtained from the evaluation method for a reinforced concrete beam retrofitted with FRPs.

• Journal of Korean Society of Steel Construction
• /
• v.15 no.2
• /
• pp.207-217
• /
• 2003

The Concrete Filled Steel Tube (M) Column has excellent structural capacities that are in accordance with the interaction effect between the steel tube and concrete. CFT structure has been focussed on a struc tural system for high-rise buildings. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the strength and deformation capacities of CFT columns that are subject to constant axial and cyclic lateral load. The test parameters are diameters to the thickness ratio of the steel tube, axial load ratios, and the shapes of the tube. Total eighteen specimens were fabricated to clarify the energy absorption capacity of the CFT columns. Experimental results were summarized for their ultimate strengths and deformation capacities.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
• /
• v.24 no.4
• /
• pp.463-478
• /
• 2006

The design of structural frameworks for buildings is constantly evolving and is dependent on regional issues such as loading and constructability. One of the most promising recent developments for low to medium rise construction in terms of efficiency of construction, robustness and aesthetic appearance utilises concrete-filled steel tubular sections as the columns in a moment-resisting frame. These are coupled to rigid or semi-rigid connections to composite steel-concrete beams. This paper includes the results of a pilot experimental programme leading towards the development of economical, reliable connections that are easily constructed for this type of frame. The connections must provide the requisite strength, stiffness and ductility to suit gravity loading conditions as well as gravity combined with the governing lateral wind or earthquake loading. The aim is to develop connections that are stiffer, less expensive and easier to construct than those in current use. A proposed fabricated T-stub connection is to be used to connect the beam flanges and the column. These T-stubs are connected to the column using "blind bolts" with extensions, allowing installation from the outside of the tube. In general, the use of the extensions results in a dramatic increase in the strength and stiffness of the T-stub to column connection in tension, since the load is shared between membrane action in the tube wall and the anchorage of the bolts through the extensions into the concrete.