• 한국의류학회지
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.373-384
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• 1999

The purposes of this study were 1) to test the differences between two groups who have high and low purchase of apparel in low-price retailing concerning consumers' beliefs and attitude toward low-prce retailing 2) to identify differences between these two groups in type of information search and use of information sources and 3) to investigate differences between department store and low-price retailing in consumers' satisfaction toward products and purchase frequencies of apparel items and differences between two groups in demographic variables. The data were collected via a self-administeered questionnaire from 474 femail adults in Seoul Korea and analyzed by factor analysis t-test and paired t-test. The results of this study were as follows : First based on a series of t-test and paired t-test. the results showed that those who had a high purchase of apparel in low-price retailing had significantly higher belief scores on all of the five store attributes and a more favorable attitude toward low-price retailing than did those who had low purchase. Second those who had high purchase of apparel in low-price retailing had significantly higher scores on ongoing and prepurchase information search and on use of mass media information and interpersonal information source than did those who had low purchase. Third in case of high purchase consumers of apparel in low-price retailing there were not found significant differences between department store and low-price retailing there were not found significant differences between department store and low-price retailing in purchase frequency on man's and women's casual wear of department stores than low-price retailing. However low purchase consumers of apparel in low-price retailing revealed significantly higher purchase frequency on all of seven apparel items of department stores than low-price retailing. Finally there were significant differences between two groups in demographic variables. The papers discussed theoretical implications as well as manageral implications.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제37권4호
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• pp.41-58
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• 1999

The purposes of this study were 1) to segment the market based on purchase frequency of products such as apparel, food, home electronics, life commodity in department store and low-price retailing, 2) to identify differences among segments in belief and attitude toward each store, purchase frequency of apparel items in each store and demographic variables. The data were collected via a self-administered questionnaire from 274 married women living in Seoul, Korea and analyzed by factor analysis, cluster analysis, one-way ANOVA and x$^2$-test. The results of this study were as follows: First, using cluster analysis on purchase frequency of products in each store, four groups were identified and labeled as department store patronage/ non-purchasers of apparel in low-price retailing(25.2%), purchasers of apparel in department store and low-price retailing(16.8%), low-price retailing patronage(30.3%) and non-purchasers of products in department store and low-price retailing(27.0%). Second, a series of one-way ANOV As revealed significant differences among four segments on beliefs of low-price retailing(four store attributes: price and variety of apparel product, facilities for convenient shopping, promotion, brand-reputation and fashionability of apparel product) and department store(three store attributes: price and variety of apparel product, facilities for convenient shopping and promotion) and attitude toward low-price retailing and department store. Attitude toward each store was yielded using Fishbein's multiattributes model. There were also significant differences among groups in purchase frequency of seven apparel items in low-price retailing and six apparel items in department store, and six demographic and personal variables(age, educational status, type of husband's occupation, monthly income and housing). Finally, the papers discussed manageral implications for each segments as well as theoretical implications.

• Human Ecology Research
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• 제53권6호
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• pp.619-628
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• 2015

Baby boomers who have rebuilt the Korean economy over the last half a century are now transitioning into a silver generation who are over 65 years of age. New silver consumers are qualitatively and quantitatively different from the previous generation and are considered to be 'the single most consumption-leading generation.' The number of new silver consumers using department stores and traditional markets has increased. SPSS ver. 21.0 was used with the methods of frequency analysis, t-test, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), device master record test, and regression analysis. This research studies consumer satisfaction of new silver consumers on department stores and traditional markets among retailing. The improvement of the parking environment is the most urgent issue for traditional markets because the long-term assessments of parking areas indicate that it is necessary to provide improved convenience for consumers. Salesman satisfaction has improved and consumer satisfaction ranks salesman satisfaction high for traditional markets; however, price satisfaction is low and the distribution system should be improved to supply products at a lower price. Salesman and price satisfaction should be improved at depart stores. Traditional markets should also promote consumer satisfaction through consistent management to make consumers trust information in regards to quality control and production and distribution; in addition, department stores should increase consumer satisfaction by maintaining store systems such as product diversification and display, cleanness, and atmosphere.

• 유통과학연구
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.29-38
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• 2011

우리나라 대부분의 소매업태가 성장 또는 성숙단계에 머물고 있는 현재, 어떤 혁신적인 소매업태가 새로 출현하고 발전해 갈 것인가? 그리고 그 혁신적인 소매업태가 출현하고 발전해 갈 성장동력은 무엇인가? 본 연구는 이러한 문제인식에 근거하여 소매업태의 차별화경쟁과 소비자선택과의 상호행동을 연동하여 논의할 수 있는 소비자선택모델을 구축하여 혁신적인 소매업태의 출현과 발전과정을 분석하는 것이다. 본 연구에서의 분석결과는 다음과 같이 요약할 수 있다. 첫째, 소매시장에서 새로운 진공지대가 발생하면 그곳에 저가격·저서비스 또는 고가격·고서비스의 혁신적인 소매업태가 출현한다. 둘째, 진공지대에서 신규업태의 수가 많아지면 신규업태간의 수평적 경쟁이 야기되고, 이를 통해 각 신규업태는 격올림을 전개한다. 셋째, 신규업태가 격올림을 전개하면 신규업태와 기존업태간의 이업태간 경쟁이 야기되고, 이 경쟁에서 기존업태와 신규업태간의 동화과정이 전개된다. 넷째, 각 소매업태는 기존의 유통기술 프론티어를 돌파하기 위해 유통혁신을 추진하게 되고, 다른 소매업태는 그 혁신자를 추종한다. 위에서 언급한 분석결과를 근거로 하여 본 연구에서는 세가지 시사점을 제언할 수 있다. 첫째, 본 연구는 소매업태가 차별화전략을 추진할 때 사용되는 점포 속성에 대한 소비자의 의사결정과정구도에 대응하면서 최종적으로는 시장점유율의 변화와도 연동하여 논의할 수 있는 소비자선택모델을 구축하였다는 점이다. 둘째, 본 연구는 이러한 소비자선택모델을 토대로 혁신적인 소매업태의 출현과 발전과정에 대한 분석을 보다 정교한 논리 구조에 입각해서 설명하였다는 점이다. 셋째, 본 연구에서의 논의한 소매업태의 발전과정은 시장에서 경쟁우위를 획득하기 위해서 소매업태가 소매믹스를 어떻게 전개할 것인지에 대한 소매업자의 경영관리 측면에서의 해법을 제시하였다는 점이다.

• 한국지역지리학회지
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.21-40
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• 2000

급변하는 소매업 환경 속에서 각 소매업체는 생존을 위한 다양한 전략을 구사하고 있다. 무한 경쟁 시대를 맞이하여, 유럽 및 미국의 대자본이 포화상태에 달한 자국 시장 대신 해외로 시장을 확대하고 있으므로, 한국의 소매업도 이들과의 경쟁은 불가피한 일이다. 이에 본 연구에서는 한국 및 미국 소매업의 발달과점과 입지 변화를 비교 분석하여, 한국 소매업의 바람직한 발전 방향 모색에 기여하고자 한다. 독창적인 마케팅 전략으로 새로운 업태의 세계적 선두 주자로서 계속 성장하고 있는 미국 소매업의 실체 분석은 한국 소매업의 바람직한 전략 구축의 기반이 된다. 최근, 미국의 소매업은 가격 지향의 할인점 시기를 지나서 고급화, 다양화, 대규모 테마파크화가 진행되고 있다. 이와 함께 입지 면에서는 새로운 교외지역이 성장하는 가운데, 기존 업체의 재정비 재개발로 도시 내부지역이 활성화된다. 그리고 입지가 문제시되지 않는 전자 소매업 TV 홈쇼핑도 성장하고 있다. 한편, 시장과 백화점 중심의 정적(靜的)인 구조를 지속해 오던 한국의 소매업은 1980년대 말 이후 다양한 업종이 소개되면서 급변하고 있다. 특히 1990년대 중반이후에는 대형 할인점이 급성장하고 유통구조의 체계화, 서비스 중심의 소매업으로 새로운 도약의 계기를 마련하고 있다. 한국 소매업의 발전을 위해서는 우선 정보통신 및 기술수준을 적극적으로 활용해야 한다. 나아가 전통과 현대/세계의 접목, 중소 업체의 협동화 같은 독창적인 시도, 그리고 유통업계 행정부 학계의 적극적인 지원이 요구된다.

• 한국유통학회지:유통연구
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.9-40
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• 1996

This year marks the full liberalization(i.e., opening up) of the Korean distribution market to foreign firms. Therefore, we are likely to see much activity by foreign retailers who will be entering the Korean market and indigenous retailers trying to depend their current market positions. The liberalization of Korean distribution market will undoubtedly lead to some erosion of market share of indigenous retailers, but the benefits of rationalization of distribution, stable consumer prices, strengthened competitiveness of indigenous retailers far outweigh the costs. With liberalization, we are likely to see increased growth of "New Modes of Retailing(NMR)." In this paper, I describe the distinguishing characteristics of NMR as economies of scale, self service, large physical facilities, low-to-medium price, and systemization. I also describe the similarities and differences between the various types of NMR. Finally, I describe the fit between the various forms of NMR and the Korean consumer environment.vironment.

• 수산경영론집
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.55-77
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• 1995

This study analyzed the structure of imported fisheries, focusing especially on the following factors of live fisheries import : First of all, it is confirmed that the import of live fisheries expands when domestic production decreases. To put it concretely, the structure of domestic live fish supply is based upon the production of aquaculture, the shift from export to domestic use, and imported live fisheries. These all coexist, expand, and grow together. Secondly, the structure of the consumer's market - the background of expanding and growing live fisheries-is currently diversifying with quality and quantity from a local area consumer system based upon regional markets, to a wider ranged system based upon the food industry and retailing market. The existence of the consumer markets is premised upon a stable supply structure, in terms of material and price. Thirdly, in terms of trade policy, control of imports instantly reduces import goods. But it is reasonable to say that there is not any logical effectiveness of denying the stable growth of low market capital under the background of strong consummer expansion. Fourthly, the attitude of the import related managener organization is directly related to the degree to which it is connected to live fish import. It is demanded that such a managing organization possess suitable facilities, specializaed knowledge, and management skill of live fisheries. So it is predicted that newly introducing the importing of live fisheries is not simple. It indirectly shows that the capital which relates to live fisheries are connected with the importing og live fish fisheries.

• 마케팅과학연구
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.23-35
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• 2009

A hypermarket as the one of the most globally standardized retailing format is also the type of store among various types of stores that the most active in expanding into other foreign markets. Recently, as several Korean retailing companies start to penetrate into Chinese market they differentiate themselves with modern facilities and customers service oriented high-end concept. China and Korea as Far East Asian countries share many common values, however precise and careful analysis should be carried out since there may also be critical differences in socio-economic aspects as well as in consumption patterns due to the level of development stages of retail industry among two countries. Even though precise and careful study is crucial on Chinese retailing market and consumers, none of researches and studies on 'how the quality of service dimensional structure is different between Korea and China', and 'what will be the most important and influential service dimensional factors for Chinese consuers compared to the hypermarkets customers in Korea' in order to improve the level of Chinese consumers satisfaction' have been fulfilled At this point of view, this study uses KD-SQS (Rho Eun Jung & Sir Yong Gu, 2008) which is a measure of Korean hypermarkets service quality to set up a hypothesis on Korean and Chinese consumers, and an empirical analysis is conducted. We try to get the answers about how the comparative importance of Service quality dimensions which decides the level of customer satisfaction is different depending on the cultural dimensions and socio-economic factors among two countries, Korea and China. Based upon the results, we try to give a valuable suggestion of what service dimensional factors should be reinforced to improve the level of CS in Chinese retailing market. Hypotheses for this study are as follows : H1. Each dimension of Service Quality significantly affects the level of CS H2. The effect of 'Basic Benefit' in service quality dimensions on the level of CS is greater in China than in Korea H3. The effect of 'Promotion' in service quality dimensions on the level of CS is greater in China than in Korea H4. The effect of 'Physical Aspects'in service quality dimensions on the level of CS is greater in Korea than in China. H5. The effect of 'Personal Interaction' in service quality dimensions on the level of CS is greater in China than in Korea H6. The effect of 'Policy' in service quality dimensions on the level of CS will be greater in Korean than in China H7. The effect of additional convenience in service quality dimensions on the level of CS will be greater in Korean than in China. More than 1,100 data were collected directly from the surveys of Chinese and Korean consumers in order to verify the hypotheses above. In Korea, stores which have floor space of over $9,000m^2$and opened later than year 2000 were selected for the samples, and thus Gayang, Wolgye, Sangbong, Eunpyeong, Suh-Suwon, Gojan stores and their customers were surveyed. In China, notable differences in the income levels and consumer behaviors between cities and regions were considered, and thus the research area was limited to the stores only in Shanghai. 6 stores which have the size of over $6,000m^2$ and opened later than 2000, such as Ruihong, Intu, Mudanjang, Sanrin, Raosimon, and Ranchao stores were selected for the survey. SPSS 12.0 and AMOS 7.0 were used as statistical tools, and exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, and multi-group analysis were conducted. In order to carry out a multi group analysis that decides whether the structure variables which shows the different effects of 6 service dimensions in Korean and Chinese groups is statistically valid, configural invariance, metric invariance, and structural invariance are tested in order. At the results of the tests, 3 out of 7 hypotheses were supported and other 4 hypotheses were denied. According to the study, 4 dimensions (Basic Benefit, Physical Environment, Policy, and additional convenience) were positively correlated with CS in Korea, and 3 dimensions (i.e. basic benefit, policy, additional convenience) were significant in China. However, the significance of the service-dimensions was turned out to be partially different in Korea and China. The Basic Benefit is more influential in deciding the level of CS in china than Korea, however Physical Aspect is more important factor in Korea. 'Policy dimension' did not make significant difference between two countries. In the 'additional convenience dimension', the differences in 'socio-economic factors' than in'cultural background' were considered as more important in Chinese consumers than Korean. Overall, the improvement of Service quality will be crucial factors to increase the level of CS in Chinese market same as Korean market. In addition, more emphases need to be placed on the service qualities of 'Basic Benefit' and 'additional convenience' dimensions in China. In particular, 'low price' and 'product diversity' that constitute 'Basic Benefit' are proved to be comparatively disadvantageous and weak points of Korean companies compared to global players, and thus the prompt strengthening those dimensions would be urgent for Korean retailers. Moreover, additional conveniences such as various tenants and complex service and entertaining area will be more important in China than in Korea. Besides, Applying advanced Korean Hypermaret`s customer policy to Chinese consumers will help to get higher reliability and to differentiate themselves to other competitors. However, as personal interaction, physical aspect, promotions were proved as not significant for the level of CS in China, Korean companies need to reconsider the priority order of resource allocations when they tap into Chinese market.

• Asia pacific journal of information systems
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.123-137
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• 2007

The advent of the Internet and related Web technologies has created an easily accessible link between a firm and its customers, and has provided opportunities to a firm to use information technology to support supplementary after-sale services associated with a product or service. It has been widely recognized that supplementary services are an important source of customer value and of competitive advantage as the characteristics of the product itself. Many of these supplementary services are information-based and need not be co-located with the product, so more and more companies are delivering these services electronically. Net-based customer service, which is defined as an Internet-based computerized information system that delivers services to a customer, therefore, is the core infrastructure for supplementary service provision. The importance of net-based customer service in delivering supplementary after-sale services associated with product has been well documented. The strategic advantages of well-implemented net-based customer service are enhanced customer loyalty and higher lock-in of customers, and a resulting reduction in competition and the consequent increase in profits. However, not all customers utilize such net-based customer service. The digital divide is the phenomenon in our society that captures the observation that not all customers have equal access to computers. Socioeconomic factors such as race, gender, and education level are strongly related to Internet accessibility and ability to use. This is due to the differences in the ability to bear the cost of a computer, and the differences in self-efficacy in the use of a technology, among other reasons. This concept, applied to e-commerce, has been called the "e-commerce divide." High Internet penetration is not eradicating the digital divide and e-commerce divide as one would hope. Besides, to accommodate personalized support, a customer must often provide personal information to the firm. This personal information includes not only name and address, but also preferences information and perhaps valuation information. However, many recent studies show that consumers may not be willing to share information about themselves due to concerns about privacy online. Due to the e-commerce divide, and due to privacy and security concerns of the customer for sharing personal information with firms, limited numbers of customers adopt net-based customer service. The limited level of customer adoption of net-based customer service affects the firm profits and the customers' welfare. We use a game-theoretic model in which we model the net-based customer service system as a mechanism to enhance customers' loyalty. We model a market entry scenario where a firm (the incumbent) uses the net-based customer service system in inducing loyalty in its customer base. The firm sells one product through the traditional retailing channels and at a price set for these channels. Another firm (the entrant) enters the market, and having observed the price of the incumbent firm (and after deducing the loyalty levels in the customer base), chooses its price. The profits of the firms and the surplus of the two customers segments (the segment that utilizes net-based customer service and the segment that does not) are analyzed in the Stackelberg leader-follower model of competition between the firms. We find that an increase in adoption of net-based customer service by the customer base is not always desirable for firms. With low effectiveness in enhancing customer loyalty, firms prefer a high level of customer adoption of net-based customer service, because an increase in adoption rate decreases competition and increases profits. A firm in an industry where net-based customer service is highly effective loyalty mechanism, on the other hand, prefers a low level of adoption by customers.

• Asia Marketing Journal
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.137-164
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• 2011

본 연구는 경험가치척도(EVS; Experiential Value Scale)를 바탕으로 측정된 쇼핑가치차원이 쇼핑점포에 대한 소비자 반응에 미치는 효과를 분석하는데 그 목적이 있다. 또한 각 쇼핑가치차원이 쇼핑점포에 대한 소비자반응에 미치는 상대적 효과가 백화점과 할인점에 따라 다르게 나타나는지도 분석했다. 실증분석결과 점포에서 제공하는 실용적 쇼핑가치와 쾌락적 쇼핑가치는 점포에 대한 호의적 태도와 점포에 대한 감정적 반응에 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 구체적으로 실용적 쇼핑가치의 하위차원인 서비스우수성, 효율성, 경제적 가치가 증가할수록, 소비자들의 점포에 대한 호의적 태도가 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 그리고 쾌락적 쇼핑가치의 하위차원인 시각적 매력, 오락적 가치, 일상탈출, 내재적 즐거움이 높은 것으로 지각할수록, 쇼핑과정에서 소비자들의 긍정적인 감정이 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 쾌락적 쇼핑가치는 소비자들이 점포에 대한 호의적 태도를 형성하는데 있어서 직접적 영향이 아닌 점포에 대한 소비자들의 감정적 반응을 통해 간접적으로 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났으며, 점포에 대한 호의적 태도와 점포에 대한 긍정적 감정형성은 점포충성도에 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 흥미롭게도 쾌락적 쇼핑가치가 점포에 대한 긍정적 감정반응에 미치는 영향은 백화점보다 할인점에서 높게 나타났다.