• Journal of Korean Medicine for Obesity Research
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.98-111
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• 2023

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to review predictive factors associated with weight loss in moderate to severe obesity treatment. The direction of the treatment for moderate to severe obesity will be suggested in consideration of various factors. Methods: Authors searched the articles published from 2018 to 2023 in three international databases (PubMed, Embase and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials) and two domestic databases (Research Information Sharing Service, Korean studies Information Service System). Studies including treatment with moderate to severe obese patients were selected. Results: A total of 43 studies were included. The main factors of weight loss were unchangeable predictors such as low initial degree of obesity, younger age, non-diabetes and high resting energy expenditure with changeable predictors such as increase in protein, physical activity, self-efficacy, initial weight loss and attendance of the treatment. Conclusions: Our review results suggest that based on the characteristics of moderate to severe obese patients, predictors of weight loss can be used to determine treatment and prognosis in various aspects.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.112-117
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• 1979

By using the existing caustic refining system with a minimum modification and by using a combination of various emulsifiers(0.2 % sodium hexametaphosphate. 0.05 % sodium lauryl sulfate and 0.001 % dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate), a new economical dewaxing process for sunflower seed oil was developed in order to reduce the cost of the dewaxing process. The results indicate that the waxes can be removed satisfactorily from the sunflower seed oil by emulsifying. batchwise or continuously, the oil with the aqueous surfactant solution, followed by centrifugation at ambient temperatures $(16{\sim}27^{\circ}C)$. Dewaxing loss for the batch process was satisfactory for both low wax-and high wax-crude oil, whereas dewaxing loss for the continuous process needs to be improved. The results indicate that initial level of wax content (low wax vs. high wax) did not affect the loss for batch process (0.82 % vs. 0.62 %), but affected the loss for continuous processes, regardless of the type of mixing mode (2.28 % and 5.68 % for low wax-and high wax-oil, respectively). It was also noted that the type of mixing mode (centactor vs. static mixer) for the continuous process affected the loss, regardless of the wax content (5.2 % and 2.8 % for contactor and static mixer, respectively).

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2005.07b
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• pp.1315-1317
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• 2005

Generally, the high Tc superconductor(HTS) doesn't generate any loss in DC condition, but generate considerable loss in AC condition. Until now AC loss in superconductor has been researched on measuring method of short sample by using electrical method and magnetization method. But it is not easy to estimate AC loss in high class magnet system with results of measuring AC Joss in short sample. In this paper, we carry out research on measuring method by using calorimetric method used in measuring AC loss in high class magnet system. We make the inductive and non-inductive superconducting magnet and measure the generated AC loss, then we compare the measured results with the calculated results using Norris equation. This measuring method of AC loss using calorimetric method can measure not only AC loss in superconducting magnet but losses in conducting, radiant and low temperature. Consequently it is thought that efficient design and fabrication of superconducting magnet system will be possible by means of AC loss measurement method using calorimetric method.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.39-46
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• 2021

Objectives : Mangifera indica leaves are well known for having a variety of benefits, including anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, diabetic retinopathy and diabetic vasculosis. However, the effects of Mangifera indica leaves on hair loss inhibition have not been studied. In this study, we investigated to find out the activity of Mangifera indica leaves on hair loss. Methods : 2,2'-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid(ABTS) analysis was performed to confirm the antioxidant efficacy of the water extract of Mangifera indica leaves (WEML). To examine the effect of WEML on cell viability in dermal papillar (DP) cells, 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetra Zolium (MTS) analysis was performed. The changes in the mRNA expression level of the hair loss and hair growth-related genes in dermal papilla cells by WEML treatment were confirmed by quantitative RT-PCR. Results : In dermal papilla (DP) cells, ABTS analysis and MTS analysis of WEML showed antioxidant efficacy and low cytotoxicity. As a result of gene expression analysis through Quantitative RT-PCR, no changes in hair growth-related genes BMP6 and CTNNB1 was confirmed. but inhibitory activity of WEML on hair loss-related genes EGR1, SGK, DKK1, SRD5A1 and SRD5A2 was confirmed. Conclusion : We confirmed that WEML has excellent antioxidant efficacy and a inhibitory activity of hair loss-related genes including 5α-reductase genes. These results suggest that Mangifera indica leaves have a potential activity as a hair loss treatment for hair loss and hair growth. Biochemical or molecular biological research on hair loss is needed.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.562-570
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• 1996

A weight control program has been prescribed to investigate its effects on weight reduction of obese adults. The prescribed weight control program has been followed by 4 overweight adults and fad diets has been followed by 6 ovenveight adults for 3 to 7 months. The prescribed weight control program was basically the low calorie diet (1,500-1,800 kcal per day) and nutrition education was applied to enhance its effects. Fad diets were chosen among the fashionable diets and they were "apple diet" , "yogurt diet" and "Lee Hijae diet" Anthropometric measurements, biochemical parameters, and percent of body fat were measured after the respective period of weight control program. Body weight was significantly (p<0.01) reduced and the rate of obesity was also significantly lowered with the prescribed weight control program while the body weight and rate of obesity were not changed with the fad diets. Weight loss from the prescribed weight control program also led to the change of total cholesterol levels while LDL-cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, triglyceride were not significantly changed. Nutrition education and counseling of the weight control subjects induced more weight loss and better food behavior. It is suggested that a weight loss program should be based on the low calorie diet with the well-planned nutrition education The fashionable diets were attractive for a short time period in weight reduction but the rapid weight gain was noticed right after the diets ceased.

• ETRI Journal
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.65-72
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• 2003

To achieve cost and size reductions, we developed a low cost manufacturing technology for RF substrates and a high performance passive process technology for RF integrated passive devices (IPDs). The fabricated substrate is a conventional 6" Si wafer with a 25${\mu}m$ thick $SiO_2$ surface. This substrate showed a very good insertion loss of 0.03 dB/mm at 4 GHz, including the conductive metal loss, with a 50 ${\Omega}$ coplanar transmission line (W=50${\mu}m$, G=20${\mu}m$). Using benzo cyclo butene (BCB) interlayers and a 10 ${\mu}m$ Cu plating process, we made high Q rectangular and circular spiral inductors on Si that had record maximum quality factors of more than 100. The fabricated inductor library showed a maximum quality factor range of 30-120, depending on geometrical parameters and inductance values of 0.35-35 nH. We also fabricated small RF IPDs on a thick oxide Si substrate for use in handheld phone applications, such as antenna switch modules or front end modules, and high-speed wireless LAN applications. The chip sizes of the wafer-level-packaged RF IPDs and wire-bondable RF IPDs were 1.0-1.5$mm^2$ and 0.8-1.0$mm^2$, respectively. They showed very good insertion loss and RF performances. These substrate and passive process technologies will be widely utilized in hand-held RF modules and systems requiring low cost solutions and strict volumetric efficiencies.

• Progress in Superconductivity and Cryogenics
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.76-80
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• 2003

A contractible heat pipe is designed and tested to improve cooling performance of conduction cooled superconducting magnet. When the heat pipe temperature drops below the triple point temperature, heat pipe working fluid freezes to create low pressure. From this moment the heat pipe does net work any more (OFF state) and it just works as a heat leak path when the temperature of the first stage is higher than that of the second stage. Considering small cooling capacity of the second stage around 4.2 K, the conduction loss is not negligible. Therefore, the contractible heat pipe, made of a metal bellows and copper tubes, was considered to eliminate the conduction loss. Nitrogen and argon are as working fluid of heat pipe. The copper block is cooled down with these heat pipe and the cooling performance for each heat pipe is compared. At off state, the bellows is contracted due to the low pressure of heat pipe and the evaporator section of the heat pipe is detached about 3 mm from the second stage cold head of the cryocooler. In this way, we tan eliminate the conduction loss through the heat pipe wall.

• Journal of electromagnetic engineering and science
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.248-253
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• 2016

Two substrate integrated waveguide (SIW)-based antennas for the application of software-defined radar are proposed and investigated herein. It is usually well known that SIWs are easily integrated, lightweight, have low insertion loss, and low interference levels compared to conventional microstrip structures. The primary function of the proposed antennas is to transmit continuous waves for indoor motion detection, with the lowest amount of loss and an appropriate amount of gain. Moreover, the results of this study show that the size of the antenna can be reduced significantly (i.e., by about 40%) by applying a meander line structure. The operating frequencies of the proposed antennas are both within the industrial, scientific, and medical band (i.e., 2.4-2.4835 GHz). Measured results of return loss are -16 dB and -20 dB at 2.435 GHz and 2.43 GHz, respectively, and the measured gain is 8.2 dBi and 5.5 dBi, respectively. Antenna design and verification are undertaken through commercially available full electromagnetic software.

• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.17-28
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• 2010

A substantial body of evidence has emerged over the last decade in support of the novel concept that dietary calcium and dairy foods play an important role in regulating energy metabolism and thereby promote healthy weight management and reduce obesity risk. This concept has been demonstrated in experimental animals studies, cross-sectional and prospective population studies and a number of randomized clinical trials. Notably, the effects of dairy foods in weight management are more consistent than the effects of supplemental calcium across clinical trials, and calcium per se is responsible for approximately 40-50% of the effects of dairy. The calcium component is only effective in individuals with chronically low calcium intake, as it serves to prevent the endocrine response to low calcium diets which otherwise favors adipocyte energy storage; calcium also serves to promote energy loss via formation of calcium soaps in the gastrointestinal tract and thereby reduce fat absorption. The calcium-independent anti-obesity bioactivity of dairy resides primarily in whey. The key components identified to date are leucine and bioactive peptides resulting from whey protein digestion. The high concentration of leucine in whey stimulates a repartitioning of dietary energy from adipose tissue to skeletal muscle where it provides the energy required for leucine-stimulated protein synthesis, resulting in increased loss of adipose tissue and preservation of skeletal muscle mass during weight loss. Finally, dairy rich diets suppress the oxidative and inflammatory responses to obesity and thereby attenuate the diabetes and cardiovascular disease risk associated with obesity.

• Magazine of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.53-62
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• 1979

Since the first installation of irrigation Systems in Korea , a large number of small and medium sized reservoirs have been constructed as the main water sources Some 412, 000 ha are at present irrigated from these sources of supply. Many of the reservoirs were designed in accordance with old low standards and have in addition suffered a loss in capacity through sedimentation. At the same time, water demand has increased with the in troduction of high yielding varieties of rice. The combination has resulted in severe water deficits. To study the problem, 16 sample reservoirs have been surveyed and analysed. The results of the study are summarized be low: 1. Average decrease in reservoir capacity from the installation to present-8% 2. Average soil erosion loss (m$^3$/km$^2$/year) is 536 m$^3$/km$^2$/year and average erosion depth of soil is 0. 5mm per year. 3. No relationship, between reservoir capacity per unit of watershed (m$^3$/km$^2$) and soil erosion loss was found. 4. Increases are required in reservoir capacity: 15.8% due to the introduction of HYV's; 16.6% due to the change of system losses from 10%to 25% The conclusion to be drawn from the above results is that existing reservoir capacity should be increased by an average of 32%. The unit storage capacity to be adopted should be 661 mm