• Title/Summary/Keyword: low-latency processing

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Low-Complexity Distributed Algorithms for Uplink CoMP in Heterogeneous LTE Networks

  • Annavajjala, Ramesh
    • Journal of Communications and Networks
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    • v.18 no.2
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    • pp.150-161
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    • 2016
  • Coordinated multi-point transmission (CoMP) techniques are being touted as enabling technologies for interference mitigation in next generation heterogeneous wireless networks (HetNets). In this paper, we present a comparative performance study of uplink (UL) CoMP algorithms for the 3GPP LTE HetNets. Focusing on a distributed and functionally-split architecture, we consider six distinct UL-CoMP algorithms: 1. Joint reception in the frequency-domain (JRFD) 2. Two-stage equalization (TSEQ) 3. Log-likelihood ratio exchange (LLR-E) 4. Symmetric TSEQ (S-TSEQ) 5. Transport block selection diversity (TBSD) 6. Coordinated scheduling with adaptive interference mitigation (CS-AIM) where JRFD, TSEQ, S-TSEQ, TBSD and CS-AIM are our main contributions in this paper, and quantify their relative performances via the post-processing signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio distributions.We also compare the CoMP-specific front-haul rate requirements for all the schemes considered in this paper. Our results indicate that, with a linear minimum mean-square error receiver, the JRFD and TSEQ have identical performances, whereas S-TSEQ relaxes the front-haul latency requirements while approaching the performance of TSEQ. Furthermore, in a HetNet environment, we find that CS-AIM provides an attractive alternative to TBSD and LLR-E with a significantly reduced CoMP-specific front-haul rate requirement.

Quantum Communication Technology for Future ICT - Review

  • Singh, Sushil Kumar;Azzaoui, Abir El;Salim, Mikail Mohammed;Park, Jong Hyuk
    • Journal of Information Processing Systems
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    • v.16 no.6
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    • pp.1459-1478
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    • 2020
  • In the last few years, quantum communication technology and services have been developing in various advanced applications to secure the sharing of information from one device to another. It is a classical commercial medium, where several Internet of Things (IoT) devices are connected to information communication technology (ICT) and can communicate the information through quantum systems. Digital communications for future networks face various challenges, including data traffic, low latency, deployment of high-broadband, security, and privacy. Quantum communication, quantum sensors, quantum computing are the solutions to address these issues, as mentioned above. The secure transaction of data is the foremost essential needs for smart advanced applications in the future. In this paper, we proposed a quantum communication model system for future ICT and methodological flow. We show how to use blockchain in quantum computing and quantum cryptography to provide security and privacy in recent information sharing. We also discuss the latest global research trends for quantum communication technology in several countries, including the United States, Canada, the United Kingdom, Korea, and others. Finally, we discuss some open research challenges for quantum communication technology in various areas, including quantum internet and quantum computing.

A Study on the Analysis of Security Requirements through Literature Review of Threat Factors of 5G Mobile Communication

  • DongGyun Chu;Jinho Yoo
    • Journal of Information Processing Systems
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    • v.20 no.1
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    • pp.38-52
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    • 2024
  • The 5G is the 5th generation mobile network that provides enhanced mobile broadband, ultra-reliable & low latency communications, and massive machine-type communications. New services can be provided through multi-access edge computing, network function virtualization, and network slicing, which are key technologies in 5G mobile communication. However, these new technologies provide new attack paths and threats. In this paper, we analyzed the overall threats of 5G mobile communication through a literature review. First, defines 5G mobile communication, analyzes its features and technology architecture, and summarizes possible security issues. Addition, it presents security threats from the perspective of user devices, radio access network, multi-access edge computing, and core networks that constitute 5G mobile communication. After that, security requirements for threat factors were derived through literature analysis. The purpose of this study is to conduct a fundamental analysis to examine and assess the overall threat factors associated with 5G mobile communication. Through this, it will be possible to protect the information and assets of individuals and organizations that use 5G mobile communication technology, respond to various threat situations, and increase the overall level of 5G security.

Memory Reduction Method of Radix-22 MDF IFFT for OFDM Communication Systems (OFDM 통신시스템을 위한 radix-22 MDF IFFT의 메모리 감소 기법)

  • Cho, Kyung-Ju
    • The Journal of Korea Institute of Information, Electronics, and Communication Technology
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    • v.13 no.1
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    • pp.42-47
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    • 2020
  • In OFDM-based very high-speed communication systems, FFT/IFFT processor should have several properties of low-area and low-power consumption as well as high throughput and low processing latency. Thus, radix-2k MDF (multipath delay feedback) architectures by adopting pipeline and parallel processing are suitable. In MDF architecture, the feedback memory which increases in proportion to the input signal word-length has a large area and power consumption. This paper presents a feedback memory size reduction method of radix-22 MDF IFFT processor for OFDM applications. The proposed method focuses on reducing the feedback memory size in the first two stages of MDF architectures since the first two stages occupy about 75% of the total feedback memory. In OFDM transmissions, IFFT input signals are composed of modulated data and pilot, null signals. In order to reduce the IFFT input word-length, the integer mapping which generates mapped data composed of two signed integer corresponding to modulated data and pilot/null signals is proposed. By simulation, it is shown that the proposed method has achieved a feedback memory reduction up to 39% compared to conventional approach.

Energy-Efficient Subpaging for the MRAM-based SSD File System (MRAM 기반 SSD 파일 시스템의 에너지 효율적 서브페이징)

  • Lee, JaeYoul;Han, Jae-Il;Kim, Young-Man
    • Journal of Information Technology Services
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    • v.12 no.4
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    • pp.369-380
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    • 2013
  • The advent of the state-of-the-art technologies such as cloud computing and big data processing stimulates the provision of various new IT services, which implies that more servers are required to support them. However, the need for more servers will lead to more energy consumption and the efficient use of energy in the computing environment will become more important. The next generation nonvolatile RAM has many desirable features such as byte addressability, low access latency, high density and low energy consumption. There are many approaches to adopt them especially in the area of the file system involving storage devices, but their focus lies on the improvement of system performance, not on energy reduction. This paper suggests a novel approach for energy reduction in which the MRAM-based SSD is utilized as a storage device instead of the hard disk and a downsized page is adopted instead of the 4KB page that is the size of a page in the ordinary file system. The simulation results show that energy efficiency of a new approach is very effective in case of accessing the small number of bytes and is improved up to 128 times better than that of NAND Flash memory.

Implementation of Video Processing Module for Integrated Modular Avionics System (모듈통합형 항공전자시스템을 위한 Video Processing Module 구현)

  • Jeon, Eun-Seon;Kang, Dae-Il;Ban, Chang-Bong;Yang, Seong-Yul
    • Journal of Advanced Navigation Technology
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    • v.18 no.5
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    • pp.437-444
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    • 2014
  • The integrated modular avionics (IMA) system has quite a number of line repalceable moduels (LRMs) in a cabinet. The LRM performs functions like line replaceable units (LRUs) in federated architecture. The video processing module (VPM) acts as a video bus bridge and gateway of ARINC 818 avionics digital video bus (ADVB). The VPM is a LRM in IMA core system. The ARINC 818 video interface and protocol standard was developed for high-bandwidth, low-latency and uncompressed digital video transmission. FPGAs of the VPM include video processing function such as ARINC 818 to DVI, DVI to ARINC 818 convertor, video decoder and overlay. In this paper we explain how to implement VPM's Hardware. Also we show the verification results about VPM functions and IP core performance.

A Novel Global Mobility Management Scheme for Multicasting Service Support in Proxy Mobile IPv6 Networks (프록시 모바일 IPv6 네트워크에서 멀티캐스팅 서비스 지원을 위한 글로벌 이동성관리 기법)

  • Park, Jongsun;Kim, Jongyoun;Jeong, Jongpil
    • The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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    • v.12 no.6
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    • pp.229-240
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    • 2012
  • The development of multimedia applications followed by development of high-speed networks has improved the performance of mobile devices with high transfer speed broadband. Mobile internet access has made possible seamless indoor and outdoor mobile multicast services. Multicasting services are used to support efficient group communications. However, mobile multicasting services have two constraints: tunnel convergence and handover latency. Many protocols and handover methods have been proposed to address these problems. The inter-LMA optimized handover model for multicasting services has previously been proposed for PMIPv6-based networks. The proposed model removes the tunnel convergence issue and reduces router processing costs. It also makes possible the performance of fast handover operations with adaptive transmission mechanisms. In addition, the proposed scheme exhibits low packet delivery costs and handover latency in comparison with existing schemes, and ensures fast handover when moving the inter-LMA domain

A Software VIA based PC Cluster System on SCI Network (SCI 네트워크 상의 소프트웨어 VIA기반 PC글러스터 시스템)

  • Shin, Jeong-Hee;Chung, Sang-Hwa;Park, Se-Jin
    • Journal of KIISE:Computer Systems and Theory
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    • v.29 no.4
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    • pp.192-200
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    • 2002
  • The performance of a PC cluster system is limited by the use of traditional communication protocols, such as TCP/IP because these protocols are accompanied with significant software overheads. To overcome the problem, systems based on user-level interface for message passing without intervention of kernel have been developed. The VIA(Virtual Interface Architecture) is one of the representative user-level interfaces which provide low latency and high bandwidth. In this paper, a VIA system is implemented on an SCI(Scalable Coherent Interface) network based PC cluster. The system provides both message-passing and shared-memory programming environments and shows the maximum bandwidth of 84MB/s and the latency of $8{\mu}s$. The system also shows better performance in comparison with other comparable computer systems in carrying out parallel benchmark programs.

Comparison analysis of YOLOv10 and existing object detection model performance

  • Joon-Yong Kim
    • Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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    • v.29 no.8
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    • pp.85-92
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    • 2024
  • In this paper presents a comparative analysis of the performance between the latest object detection model, YOLOv10, and its previous versions. YOLOv10 introduces NMS-Free training, an enhanced model architecture, and an efficiency-centric design, resulting in outstanding performance. Experimental results using the COCO dataset demonstrate that YOLOv10-N maintains high accuracy of 39.5% and low latency of 1.84ms, despite having only 2.3M parameters and 6.7G floating-point operations (FLOPs). The key performance metrics used include the number of model parameters, FLOPs, average precision (AP), and latency. The analysis confirms the effectiveness of YOLOv10 as a real-time object detection model across various applications. Future research directions include testing on diverse datasets, further model optimization, and expanding application scenarios. These efforts aim to further enhance YOLOv10's versatility and efficiency.

Edge to Edge Model and Delay Performance Evaluation for Autonomous Driving (자율 주행을 위한 Edge to Edge 모델 및 지연 성능 평가)

  • Cho, Moon Ki;Bae, Kyoung Yul
    • Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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    • v.27 no.1
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    • pp.191-207
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    • 2021
  • Up to this day, mobile communications have evolved rapidly over the decades, mainly focusing on speed-up to meet the growing data demands of 2G to 5G. And with the start of the 5G era, efforts are being made to provide such various services to customers, as IoT, V2X, robots, artificial intelligence, augmented virtual reality, and smart cities, which are expected to change the environment of our lives and industries as a whole. In a bid to provide those services, on top of high speed data, reduced latency and reliability are critical for real-time services. Thus, 5G has paved the way for service delivery through maximum speed of 20Gbps, a delay of 1ms, and a connecting device of 106/㎢ In particular, in intelligent traffic control systems and services using various vehicle-based Vehicle to X (V2X), such as traffic control, in addition to high-speed data speed, reduction of delay and reliability for real-time services are very important. 5G communication uses high frequencies of 3.5Ghz and 28Ghz. These high-frequency waves can go with high-speed thanks to their straightness while their short wavelength and small diffraction angle limit their reach to distance and prevent them from penetrating walls, causing restrictions on their use indoors. Therefore, under existing networks it's difficult to overcome these constraints. The underlying centralized SDN also has a limited capability in offering delay-sensitive services because communication with many nodes creates overload in its processing. Basically, SDN, which means a structure that separates signals from the control plane from packets in the data plane, requires control of the delay-related tree structure available in the event of an emergency during autonomous driving. In these scenarios, the network architecture that handles in-vehicle information is a major variable of delay. Since SDNs in general centralized structures are difficult to meet the desired delay level, studies on the optimal size of SDNs for information processing should be conducted. Thus, SDNs need to be separated on a certain scale and construct a new type of network, which can efficiently respond to dynamically changing traffic and provide high-quality, flexible services. Moreover, the structure of these networks is closely related to ultra-low latency, high confidence, and hyper-connectivity and should be based on a new form of split SDN rather than an existing centralized SDN structure, even in the case of the worst condition. And in these SDN structural networks, where automobiles pass through small 5G cells very quickly, the information change cycle, round trip delay (RTD), and the data processing time of SDN are highly correlated with the delay. Of these, RDT is not a significant factor because it has sufficient speed and less than 1 ms of delay, but the information change cycle and data processing time of SDN are factors that greatly affect the delay. Especially, in an emergency of self-driving environment linked to an ITS(Intelligent Traffic System) that requires low latency and high reliability, information should be transmitted and processed very quickly. That is a case in point where delay plays a very sensitive role. In this paper, we study the SDN architecture in emergencies during autonomous driving and conduct analysis through simulation of the correlation with the cell layer in which the vehicle should request relevant information according to the information flow. For simulation: As the Data Rate of 5G is high enough, we can assume the information for neighbor vehicle support to the car without errors. Furthermore, we assumed 5G small cells within 50 ~ 250 m in cell radius, and the maximum speed of the vehicle was considered as a 30km ~ 200 km/hour in order to examine the network architecture to minimize the delay.