• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.448-458
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• 2014

Objectives: Increasing salt preferences with age are said to increase preferences of salty foods, thereby leading to greater sodium consumption, which has further implication for hypertension. This study examined the link between preference of salty taste and dietary factors and health-related risk factors in Korean elderly people. Methods: We studied 312 elderly individuals aged > 65 years (male, 100 and female, 212). With each subject, pleasant concentration of NaCl was estimated using the sip-and-spit method. Dietary habits, food preferences, consumption frequencies, anthropometric and biochemical assessment were assessed. Results: The pleasant salt concentration was significantly increased in individuals older than 75 years (p < 0.05). Subjects who liked high concentration of salt showed significantly higher preferences for salty foods (p < 0.001). Results showed significant effects (p < 0.01) of fruit & fruit juice consumption frequencies, MNA (mini-nutritional assessment), cognition score, BMI, body fat %, waist circumference, arm circumference, calf circumference, vitamin D level that subjects who likes low salty taste were higher than subjects who likes high salty taste. Conclusions: The preference for salty taste in the elderly was not correlated with hypertension. But, increased preference for salty taste with age and increased salty food preferences may result in higher sodium consumption. Therefore, nutritional education regarding lowering salt preference and favorable behaviors of low-salt diet is needed to improve the quality of life in the rural elderly.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.893-900
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• 2012

To establish a new manufacturing process of low-salted fermented anchovy sauce, commercial fermented anchovy sauce with 23% NaCl was desalted using a spirit. The proximate composition, total nitrogen, amino nitrogen, Escherichia coli, and total and free amino acid contents were analyzed to evaluate the quality characteristics of commercial salted fermented anchovy sauce (CFAS) and low-salt fermented anchovy sauce by desalting processing (LFAS). The salinity of saltwater and fermented anchovy sauce decreased with an increase in the spirit added to 23% NaCl saltwater and 23% NaCl commercial fermented anchovy sauce. The total nitrogen and amino nitrogen contents were higher in LFAS than in CFAS. The major amino acids that were commonly found in CFAS and LFAS were glutamic acid, alanine, lysine and leucine. Basic data were provided for commodification research on low-salt fermented anchovy sauce, which is very important for the diet of humans.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.1-19
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to find out the stress level, dietary behavior score, and relationship between stress level and dietary behavior score of middle school male students in Daejeon. Eight items of stress such as family, study, amusement, health, friend, girl friend, teacher, and daily life, and 3 items of eating behavior such as diet regularity, dietary balance and healthy diet were analyzed. The data were gathered by questionnaires from 140 students in Joong gu, Daejeon city during July 10 to 14, 2006 and 128 questionnaires(91.4%) were analyzed. The conclusion of this study were summarized as follows: 1st, the total stress level was 2.36 out of 5 full scales. The study related stress was the highest 2.93, and the stress related to girl friend was the lowest, 1.96, though there were no significant differences among the 8 kinds of stress items. 2nd, the total score of dietary behavior was 3.02 out of 5 full scales. 3rd, when the students were divided into 3 groups(low, meddle, and high group) according to the stress level, the middle group showed the highest score of dietary behavior, while the high group showed the lowest score, but non-significant. 4th, according to the relationships between stress levels and dietary behavior scores, significant relationships were found between the total stress score and dietary balance. And diet regularity score were influenced by stress items such as family related, study related, and health related.

• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.81-93
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• 2021

Objectives The objective of the study was to investigate effects of ChondroT by improvement of blood metabolites in high-fat diet (HFD)-induced hyperlipidemia rat model. Methods Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to intact, control, simvastatin, and CT100, CT200 and CT400 (each n=6). For observing cholesterol change, animals were first fed high fat diet for 5 weeks and then high fat diet and drugs for 3 weeks. At the end of the experiment, total cholesterol, triglyceride, high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) and low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) were analyzed by obtained blood collection. Further, amplified leptin, peroxisome proliferator activated receptor (PPAR) and adiponectin DNA were observed by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction analysis. Results Observing the effect of ChondroT on the change of lipid metabolism in hyperlipidemia-induced rats, triglyceride and total cholesterol were significantly decreased in SV100 group, HDL-C was significantly increased in SV100, CT100 and CT200 groups, and LDL-C was significantly decreased in SV100, CT100, CT200 and CT400 groups, compared to the control group. Leptin level in hyperlipidemia-induced rats was significantly decreased in CT100 and CT200 groups, compared to the control group. The effect of ChondroT on adiponectin level in hyperlipidemia-induced rats was significantly increased in SV100, CT100 and CT200 groups. PPAR level in hyperlipidemia-induced rats was significantly decreased in SV100, CT200 and CT400 groups. Platelete activating factor level in hyperlipidemia-induced rats was significantly decreased in CT100 and CT200 groups. Conclusions Based on these results, it could be suggested that ChondroT has certain effects of improving blood metabolites in HFD-induced hyperlipidemia.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.57 no.1
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• pp.16-26
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• 2024

Purpose: Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a metabolic condition marked by persistent elevated blood sugar levels resulting from insulin resistance. The effective management of diabetes mellitus involves strict regulation of the blood glucose levels. This study examined the effects of Autumn olive (Elaeagnus umbellata Thunb.) berry (AOB) on insulin resistance and hyperglycemia using a type 2 diabetes mellitus animal model. Methods: Eight-week-old C57BL/6J mice were divided into four groups. The control group received a basal diet, while the high-fat, high-sucrose (HFHS) group was fed a HFHS diet containing 27% sucrose and 33% lard for 12 weeks. The low AOB (LAOB) and high AOB (HAOB) groups were offered a HFHS diet with a 0.5% and 1.0% AOB extract, respectively. Results: The HAOB group showed significantly lower epididymal fat pad weight than the HFHS group. The LAOB and HAOB groups showed lower serum glucose levels and homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance values than the HFHS group, and the HAOB group has lower serum insulin levels than the HFHS group. Supplementation with HAOB decreased serum cholesterol levels significantly compared with the HFHS group. The consumption of LAOB and HAOB reduced the serum triglyceride and hepatic total lipids and triglyceride levels compared to the HFHS group. In addition, LAOB and HAOB consumption in mice fed a HFHS diet increased adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase protein expression. Insulin receptor substrate-2 protein expression in the HAOB group was significantly higher than the HFHS group. Conclusion: AOB can alleviate hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes mellitus partly by mitigating insulin resistance.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.1-14
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• 2006

Objectives : This research was performed to investigate the effect of invasive low level laser acupuncture therapy(LLLAT) at Yolgyol+yogu(LU7+LR5) on weight gain, food intake, food efficiency, lipid metabolism and liver function in hyperlipemia rats. Methods : Experimental groups were divided into high fat diet cup(Control group), high fat diet and 15 mW/5 min LLLAT at LU7+LR5(15 mW/5 min group), 15 mW/10 min LLLAT at LU7+LR5(15 mW/10 min group), 30 mW/5 min LLLAT at LU7+LRS(30 mW/5 min group), 30 mW/10 min LLLAT at LU7+LR5(30 mW/10 min group). LLLAT was treated at the 15,30mW-5,10min once a 2day during 5 weeks. Results : Body weight was decreased significantly in 30 mW/s min group and 30 mW/10 min group compared with control group. Food intake was decreased significantly in 15 mW/5 min group and 15 mW/10 min group compared with control group. Food efficiency was decreased significantly in 30 mW/10 min group compared with control group. In the lipid metabolism, total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol and free fatty acid were increased significantly in 15 mW/5 min group and 30 mW/10 min group compared with control group. LDL-cholesterol was increased in 30 mW/10 min group and phospholipids was decreased significantly in all experimental group compared with control group. triglyceride was not showed significant result in all experimental group. In the liver function, AST was not showed significant result in all experimental group, ALT and ALP were increased significantly in 30 mW/10 min group, ALP was decreased in 30 mW/5 min group compared with control group. Conclusions : LLLAT at LU7 and LR5 can manage hyperlipemia by controlling body weight, food intake, food efficiency ratio and lipid metabolism.

• Journal of Animal Environmental Science
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.141-151
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• 2000

Over-grown seaweeds in Donghae(east sea of Korea peninsula) may impedes ocean environment, however, they can be a good nutrient resources for poultry feeds if they are utilized properly. In this study, seaweeds powder were tested for laying hens\` ration to investigate the effects on egg production rate, egg quality and calcium phosphorus excretion. One hundred 65wks-old brown layers were fed for 5 weeks alotted with seaweeds powder addition to experimental diet by 0(control), 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0%, respectively, and obtained following results; 1. Seaweeds proved a mid-protein low-energy feed resources with planty of K, Na, Ca, Mg, Sr and Fe. 2. Seaweeds addition by 0.5% and 1.0% improved egg production rate and egg-mass output markedly(p<0.05) than control. Seaweeds addition did not alter cholesterol level of yolk and yolk index, however egg shell thickness showed increasing trend by increasing seaweeds addition level. 3. Protein absorption and digestibility in seaweed addition treatments were significantly higher(p<0.05) than control group and protein contents of excreta in 0.5% and 1.0% treatments were reduced(p<0.05), which suggests effective protein metabolism for egg production. Increasing seaweeds addition reduces Ca and P contents in rectum and excreta, suggesting Ca and P utilization improvement in laying hens and lessening soil pollution. 4. In conclusion, seaweeds addition in layers' diet by 1.0% level improves egg-mass production and might be egg quality by increasing metabolism of protein, calcium and phosphorus.

• Food Quality and Culture
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.46-57
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• 2007

The purpose of the present study was to examine the nutrient intake status of elderly dementia patients. We surveyed the dietary intake of 50 demented elderly patients receiving a regular diet, who were hospitalized in a geriatric hospital in Yongin, Gyeonggi-do. The average age of the subjects was $79.6{\pm}6.5$ for the males and $80.5{\pm}6.3$ for the females. The average heights were $169.5{\pm}6.0\;cm$ (males) and $154.6{\pm}5.2\;cm$ (females), and the average weights were $58.5{\pm}7.4$ (males) and $51.7{\pm}8.9\;kg$ (females). Depending on the type of dementia, the male patients showed significant differences in their intakes of vegetable protein, fiber, total iron, and non-heme iron between the Alzheimer's disease (AD) and the vascular dementia (VD) groups, and the female patients showed significant differences in their intakes of total protein, phosphorus, zinc, and vitamin $B_6$ between the two groups. The male patients showed significant differences in their intakes of animal-source calcium and carotene according to ability to self-feed. According to physical activity, the male patients showed significant differences in vegetable fat and vitamin A intake, and the females showed significant differences in their intakes of total protein, animal protein, fiber, ash, total calcium, vegetable-source calcium, animal-source calcium, phosphorous, total iron, non-heme iron, heme iron, sodium, vitamins $B_1$, $B_2$, $B_6$, niacin, vitamin C, folate, and potassium. We found that the patients consumed excessive protein, but low amounts of calcium, vitamin $B_2$, and folate. Also, the patients' physical activity abilities appeared to affect their nutrient intakes.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.511-513
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• 2004

Effects of the dietary supplementation of Codonopsis lanceolata root on triglyceride and cholesterol levels in the serum, liver, breast muscle and bile in male Cobb$\times$Cobb chicks were investigated. The chicks (15-42 days old) were fed diets supplemented with 0, 0.25 and 0.5% Codonopsis lanceolata root. No differences were observed in body weight, feed conversion ratio, gall bladder weight or abdominal fat deposition among the control group and the two treatment groups. Liver weights were higher in chicks fed a 0.5% Codonopsis lanceolata diet than in those fed the control diet (p<0.05). However, serum levels of both glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT) and glutamic pyruvic transaminase (GPT) were not different among the three groups. Broiler chicks fed either 0.25% or 0.5% dietary Codonopsis lanceolata root showed decreased serum levels of triglyceride, total cholesterol and low density lipoprotein cholesterol compared to the control group (p<0.05). Supplementation with either 0.25% or 0.5% dietary Codonopsis lanceolata root decreased the triglyceride and total cholesterol levels in liver and breast muscle compared to the control group (p<0.05). Biliary cholesterol increased by 15% in chicks fed 0.5% dietary Codonopsis lanceolata root, suggesting that the biliary excretion of cholesterol had been elevated by dietary Codonopsis lanceolata root (p<0.05). In conclusion, these results indicate that dietary Codonopsis lanceolata root can decrease triglyceride and cholesterol levels in the serum, liver and breast muscle of broilers.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.2 no.5
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• pp.695-700
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• 1997

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of an energy restriction program on the weight loss and changes of the biochemical nutritional status for 35 obese women. The energy restriction program took place over a 3-week period that was devided into two parts. The first part consisted of 750-800kcal diet and the second part of 800-1000kcal. Subjects were provided a low energy formula and a menu for the recommended diet. Anthropometric and biochemical measurement before and after the energy restriction program were estimated. Mean weight loss was 3.0kg, accordingly the obestiy rate was lowered from 40.2 to 34.4, BMI from 29.2 to 28.9 and fat weight from 23.3kg to 21.0kg( <0.01. <0.05). Waist circumference loss was most prominent(4.4%) compared to triceps(21% loss)and hip circumference(2.2%loss). Mean RBC count, hemoglobin and hematocrit were significantly lowered( <0.01) but they were in the normal range. Systolic blood pressure was significantly decreased from 124.1mmHg to 113.1mmHg . Mean SGOT and SGPT were lowered from 29.3u/L to 20.0u/L and from 28.7u/L to 16.6u/L, respectively. It seems that the 3 weeks of energy restriction program used in this study was effective in improving anthropometric measurements without producing deficiency of iron or other susceptible nutrients.(Korean J community Nutrition 2(5) : 695-700,1997)