• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.127-132
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• 1998

In order to fad out an efficient way of topdressing nitrogen fertilizer in mulch-cropping system of onion(Allium cepa L.), solid, slow-release, and liquid forms of nitrogen fertilizers were allied to cv. 'Changnyungdaego' various number of times at different time, with 5 topdress applications of solid fertilizer serving as a control. Whole basal application of conventional solid fertilizer and 2 slow-release fertilizers were labor-saving and showed improved storage quality of bulbs, but resulted in poor plant growth and considerably low yield due to fertilizer shortage from early April. This suggests that topdress application is necessary. Liquid form of nitrogen fertilizer was more effective for plant growth and yield and saving labor than the solid form. Early applications was effective for increasing yield and storage quality of onion bulbs harvested. Thus two applications of liquid form of nitrogen fertilizer in February and March at rome month interval are recommended in mulch crowing system of onion.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제49권3호
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• pp.194-198
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• 2004

본 연구는 남서해안 간척지에서 토양 염농도(저염; 0.1%, 중염; 0.3∼0.4%)별로 쌀 품질 향상을 위한 적정 질소 시비량을 구명하기 위하여 시험한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1.유추분화기의 초장은 질소 시비량이 많을수록 컸고, 토양염농도간에는 저염 토양에서 켰다. 2. 출수기는 저염 토양에서는 표준비인 N20kg/10a에 비해 N8-N16kg/10a까지는 같았으나 N24kg/10a에서는 1일 늦었고, 중염 토양에서는 N8-N16kg/10a 까지는 1일이 삘랐고 N24kg/10a에서는 같았으며, 토양 염농도간에는 저염 토양에서보다 중염 토양에서 4일 정도 늦었다. 3. 질소시비량이 많을수록 간장이 크고, 포장도복이 심했다. 4. 저염 토양에서 질소시비량이 많을수록 $\textrm{m}^2$ 당 립수는 많았으나 등숙비율이 낮아져 발 수량은 N12kg/10a이상에서는 유의차가 없었으며, N12kg/10a이하에서 현미의 완전미율이 높고 단백질 함량이 낮았다. 5.중염 토양에서는 질소시비량이 많을수록 $\textrm{m}^2$ 당 립수가 많고 등숙비율이 비슷하여 발 수량은 질소시비량이 많을수록 높았으나 N20kg/10a 이상에서는 유의차가 없었고, 현미의 완전미율과 단백질함량은 질소시비량간에 비슷하였다. 따라서 남서해안 간척지에서 쌀 수량 및 미질 등을 고려해 볼 때, 저염 토양에서는 N12kg/10a, 중염 토양에서는 N20kg/10a이 적당할 것으로 생각된다

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제44권5호
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• pp.773-778
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• 2011

Long-term continuous application of livestock by-products to agricultural land may adversely affect the soil characteristics and the crop yield. Five year term study from 2007 was carried out to assess the effects of repeated application of low-concentration swine slurry on soil chemical properties including phosphate and heavy metal contents and yield of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) and cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) in a greenhouse. Treatments were conventional chemical fertilizers and three application rates of low-concentration swine slurry (Slurry composting and biofiltration, SCB): 50%, 100%, and 200% of recommended nitrogen fertilization. For swine slurry treatment of 50% nitrogen, deficient nitrogen was supplemented with urea fertilizer. The soil phosphorus and heavy metal contents after five year continuous application of swine slurry were not significantly higher than those of chemical fertilizer use. Repeated application of the swine slurry alone for five years resulted in relatively high soil exchangeable potassium and sodium compared with chemical fertilizer treatment. Contents of heavy metals in leaves of tomato and cucumber did not show significant difference among treatments. Yields of the crops for the swine slurry were not significantly different from that of chemical fertilizer. The results imply that continuous application of the swine slurry may not influence levels of soil phosphate and trace elements in greenhouse soils but could accumulate potassium and sodium in the soil.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.33-38
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• 2010

토양화학성을 고려한 기존의 토양검정 시비추천방법을 보완하기 워하여 논토양 유형별 질소시비기준을 설정하기 위하여 12개 벼 시험포장에서 토양유형별 질소검정시비량 시험을 실시하였다. 유형별 토양검정에 의한 질소시용량은 질소표준권장량 보다 많게 환산되었고, 질소수준별 회귀분석에 의한 최소 수량 생산시비량은 염해답에서 315 kg/10a, 사질답에서 168kg/10a로 최고와 최저시비량을 보였다. 유형별 질소흡수량은 질소시비량과 비례관계였고, 질소이용률은 미숙답에서 36.7%로 가장 높았으며, 질소시비량과 반비례 관계였다. 쌀의 식미치는 논토양 유형에 관계없이 무질소에서 높았고, 유형별로는 염해답에서 가장 낮았다. 시비효율지수와 환경지수 및 쌀 품질을 표준화하여 얻은 최적시비량은 보통답과 사질답에서는 토양검정 시비량의 1.0배, 미숙답과 염해답에서는 각각 0.92와 0.83배 했을 때 최적 시비량 수준을 보였다.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제47권4호
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• pp.273-278
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• 2002

An efficient low-input system (LIS) for fertiliser use in rice cultivation is necessary to reduce fossil energy use and pollution. Japanese people like Japonica rice, especially cv. Koshihikari. However, it has very low lodging resistance in Japanese weather condition. Our objective was to develop a LIS with the minimum sacrifice of grain yield in rice. Koshihikari was grown using conventional fertilization as a control (CON) with 4 g N $m^{-2}$., 8g $P_2$ $O_{5}$ $m^{-2}$ and 8 g $K_2$O $m^{-2}$ as a basal fertilizer dressing. It was compared with a low fertilizer treatment (LF) with only 4 g $P_2$ $O_{5}$ $m^{-2}$ as a basal dressing in the first year and no basal phosphorus fertilizer in the second year. Chopped rice straw was incorporated into the soil before the cropping season in both years. Fertilizer of 4 g N $m^{-2}$ was top-dressed at 15 days before heading in CON plots and 30 days before heading in LF plots in both years. Lodging was significantly less in LF than in CON plots, however, no rice straw effect was found in low fertilized condition. Grain yields in LF plots were reduced by 15-16% below those of CON plots. Lower yields in LF plots were associated with a reduced number of spikelets per unit area. However, big spikelet size was acquired in LF by 10 days earlier N top dressing than CON plots. A close relationship was found between spikelet numbers and N content of the plant at heading, and between grain yield or shoot dry weight and N content of the plant at maturity. Regardless of the fertilizer application methods, N use efficiency for the number of spikelets, final total dry matter and grain yield was essentially identical among fertilizer treatments. The reduced growth and yield in the LF plots resulted from low absorption of nitrogen. Conclusively, LIS can drastically reduce chemical fertilizer use and facilitate harvest operations by reducing lodging with some yield reduction..

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제44권3호
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• pp.230-235
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• 1999

To study the effects of an urease inhibitor, N-(n-butyl)-thiophosphoric triamide (NBPT), and a nitrification inhibitor, dicyandiamide (DCD), on nitrogen losses and nitrogen use efficiency, urea fertilizer with or without inhibitors and slowrelease fertilizer (synthetic thermoplastic resins coated urea) were applied to direct-seeded flooded rice fields in 1998. In the urea and the urea+DCD treatments, NH$_4$$^{+}$ -N concentrations reached 50 mg N L$^{-1}$ after application. Urea+NBPT and urea+ NBPT+DCD treatments maintained NH$_4$$^{+}$ -N concentrations below 10 mg N L$^{-1}$ in the floodwater, while the slow-release fertilizer application maintained the lowest concentration of NH$_4$$^{+}$ -N in floodwater. The ammonia losses of urea+NBPT and urea+NBPT+DCD treatments were lower than those of urea and urea+DCD treatments during the 30 days after fertilizer application. It was found that N loss due to ammonia volatilization was minimized in the treatments of NBPT with urea and the slow-release fertilizer. The volatile loss of urea+DCD treatment was not significantly different from that of urea surface application. It was found that NBPT delayed urea hydrolysis and then decreased losses due to ammonia volatilization. DCD, a nitrification inhibitor, had no significant effect on ammonia loss under flooded conditions. The slow-release fertilizer application reduced ammonia volatilization loss most effectively. As N0$_3$$^{[-10]}$ -N concentrations in the soil water indicated that leaching losses of N were negligible, DCD was not effective in inhibiting nitrification in the flooded soil. The amount of N in plants was especially low in the slow-release fertilizer treatment during the early growth stage for 15 days after fertilization. The amount of N in the rice plants, however, was higher in the slow-release fertilizer treatment than in other treatments at harvest. Grain yields in the treatments of slow-release fertilizer, urea+NBPT+ DCD and urea+NBPT were significantly higher than those in the treatments of urea and urea+DCD. NBPT treatment with urea and the slow-release fertilizer application were effective in both reducing nitrogen losses and increasing grain yield by improving N use efficiency in direct-seeded flooded rice field.field.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.175-194
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• 1979

The soil organic matter contents in arable land are generally low in Korea. Thus it is generally agreed that the application of organic materials to soils would be much beneficial. Present paper is a review on the effectiveness of organic mat ter application in uplands and lowlands. 1. The effect of organic matter application in uplands are of more clear and simple to explain as compared to that in lowlands. In uplands, appropriate application of organic matters such as compost and various crops residues improves the physical properties of soils leasing to increased water holding capacity, better aeration, and decrease in soil erosion. 2. In lowland, rice soils under water logged conditions the effect of organic matter application on rice yield is not straight borward and demands more refined knowledges for the interpretation of it. 3. It is found that the application of compost in rice soils is more effective when nitrogen fertilizer application is limited it dicating that nitrogen contained in the organic maerials can become available to rice plant and plays an important role for increased yield of rice under the condition where nitrogen fertilizer supply is limited. 4. Application of organic matter does not always bring about the desirable effects. Very often the organic matter application results in more intensive soil reduction leading to the accumulation of harmful substances which would can cancel out the positive effects of organic matter. This is partiunlarly true in poorly drained soils. 5. Rice straw or compost, when applied rice soils, supply sizeable amounts of available silicate to rice plant resulting in yield increase. 6. Although the effectiveness of organic matter application on rice yield in short term experiments is not consistent due to many reasons, the long term effect of organic matter is significant. 7. The term of the $O.M/SiO_2$ ratio in rice soils can serve as a criterion for the judgement of whether organic matter or silicate fertilizer is needed to be applied in a certain soil.

• 유기물자원화
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.19-30
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• 2019

본 연구는 국내산 우각이 혼합된 유기질비료를 개발하여 가장 많은 유기재배 면적을 차지하고 있는 벼를 포함하여 가지에 대한 시용효과를 조사하고 수입 유박을 대체할 유기자원으로 우각의 활용가능성을 구명하고자 실시하였다. 질소함량이 높은 국내산 유기자원 선발을 위하여 계분, 어분, 콩깻묵, 참깻묵, 들깻묵, 혈분, 우각, 맥주오니 등 8종을 분석하여 질소함량이 높은 유기자원을 선발하였고 보조제로 왕겨 바이오차, 미강 등을 원료별, 혼합비율별로 혼합하고 성분을 분석하여 유기농업에 사용 가능한 유기질비료 제조조건을 확립하였다. 우각은 전질소(T-N) 함량이 12.0 %로 높아 혈분 13.5 % 다음으로 높았으며 어분 및 깻묵은 전질소 함량이 5.9~7.9 % 수준이었다. 계분은 유기농업에 사용가능한 무항생제 산란계 계분을 사용하였으며, 맥주오니는 질소함량이 3.4 %로 나타났다. 무항생제 계분, 우각, 맥주오니 등을 주재료로 바이오차, 미강 등을 보조제로 사용하여 유기질비료를 제조한 결과. 수입유박의 질소함량(4.0~4.2 %) 대비 개발한 유기질비료의 질소함량은 7.5 %로 높고 중금속함량은 Zn 400 mg/kg, Cu 120 mg/kg 이하 등으로 나타나 질소 함량이 높고 유기농업자재 품질기준에 적합한 유기질비료를 개발하였다. 우각이 포함된 유기질비료를 사용하여 벼와 가지를 재배하면서 시용효과를 조사한 결과 토양검정질소시비량 기준 100 % 시용시 혼합유박 대비 시용량을 40 % 감소하였음에도 벼 생육 및 수량이 대등하였으며, 가지 재배시에도 동일한 결과를 나타내었다. 우각 등 국산 유기자원을 이용한 새로운 고농도 질소원 선발 및 이를 이용한 유기재배 적합 유기질비료 개발은 친환경농업 확대 보급의 중요성이 높아지고 있는 현 시점에서 지역자원을 이용한 기존 수입 혼합유박 대체 연구의 출발점이자 폐기되고 있는 국내 유기자원의 활용 방안 모색에서 큰 의미를 가지며 향후 확대 보급된다면 친환경농산물의 안정적 생산에 기여할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국작물학회 2022년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.63-63
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• 2022

Wheat flour can be categorized into bread, all-purpose, cake flour according to its protein content. Since optimal wheat flour protein content is different for each end use, it is necessary to diversify the nitrogen fertilizer methods depending on the end use and cultivar. Optimal wheat flour protein content of soft wheat (for cake flour) is lowest (<=10%) among all end use, it is necessary to develop nitrogen fertilizer methods for high yield and low protein content. In order to analyze the yield and quality changes of soft wheat as nitrogen fertilizer amount and splitting timing, soft wheat cultivar 'goso' was sown on paddy soil in jeunju, Republic of Korea ('21.10). the amount of nitrogen fertilizer was divided into 4 levels by adjusting 2kg/10a increments from 5.1 to ll.lkg/lOa, and in the N 7.1 and 9.1 kg/1 Oa(standard) treatment, N amount divided into sowing date:regrowing stage=3:7,4:6(standard), 5:5. In regrowing stage, Tiller number and N fertilizer amount at sowing date showed a correlation; y=-121.14x²+792.66x-525.41 (R²=0.77^*, y: Tiller number/m², x: N amount at sowing date(kg/10a)). Tiller number in regrowing stage was the highest when the nitrogen fertilizer amount at sowing date was 3.23kg/10a. spike number per m² was the highest when N fertilizer was divided into sowing date:regrowing stage=3:7(N amount: 9.1kg/10a). If N fertilizer amount was fixed, grain yield was also the highest when N fertilizer was divided into sowing date :regrowing stage=3:7. Also, N amount at sowing date and grain yield showed no correlation, but N amount at regrowing stage and grain yield showed significant correlation. As N amount increased, protein content also showed a tendency to increase.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제63권2호
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• pp.305-318
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• 2021

Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) is an important forage legume grown in Kansas, USA and its productivity with cool-season grasses however is unknown. The objective of this study was to determine the dry matter yield (DMY) and forage nutritive value of alfalfa-grass mixtures compared to those of alfalfa and grasses grown in monoculture with and without nitrogen fertilization. Three different alfalfa varieties were planted (reduced-lignin alfalfa, Roundup Ready, and conventional alfalfa) and two kinds of cool-season grasses (smooth brome, Bromus inermis Leyss, and tall fescue, Festuca arundinacea Schreb) were planted as a monoculture or in alfalfa-grass mixtures. Nitrogen fertilizer (urea) was applied at green-up at a rate of 56 kg/ha and after the second cutting at a rate of 56 kg/ha in 2016 and 2017, respectively. and control treatments received no nitrogen. DMY was significantly higher in monoculture alfalfa and alfalfa-grass mixtures than in grass monocultures. Between alfalfa monoculture and alfalfa-grass mixtures, no significant differences in DMY were found. For all treatments, nitrogen application significantly increased DMY compared to the control. In 2016 and 2017, the low-lignin alfalfa monoculture had the lowest acid detergent fiber (ADF) and the grass monocultures had the highest ADF. In 2016 and 2017, neutral detergent fiber (NDF) in smooth bromegrass and tall fescue was higher than in other species treatments. A low-lignin alfalfa monoculture had significantly lower NDF concentration compared to alfalfa-grass mixtures. When averaged over 2016 and 2017, relative feed value (RFV) was highest in low-lignin alfalfa and lowest in the grass monocultures. In both years, nitrogen fertilizer application did not affect nutritive values.