• 한국생활과학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.361-374
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• 2010

Using the first wave of the Korean Longitudinal Study of Ageing, this research examines the effect of elderly parent's financial structure on private income transfers from their adult children. The results show that low income elderly households are more likely to receive income transfers from their children. Generally, Korean elderly households were found to have very low liquidity in their asset structure, as the average household holds over 90% of their assets in real estate. However, it seems that the parents' potential income based on their real estate assets is unimportant in determining children's transfer decisions. Rather, the parents' labor income is found to be a key factor in children's income transfer decisions.

• 사회복지연구
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• 제41권4호
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• pp.395-424
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• 2010

본 연구는 최근 사회투자정책의 기조로 새롭게 시도되고 있는 자산형성정책에 착목하였다. 본 연구에서는 현상학적 방법론을 사용하여 저소득 가구의 현금자산형성의 주관적 의미를 발견하고자 하였다. 주요한 연구결과로는 저소득 가구 내에 현금자산형성의 의미를 구분지워주는 가구 간 경계가 나타났는데 바로 모자가구, 부자가구 및 조손가구, 유자녀가구 이다. 이러한 구분은 각 가구가 자산형성에 대한 의미화를 달리하는 사태영역에 따라 구분되었으며 이들의 현금자산형성에 대한 의미화가 매우 다름을 발견하였다. 이러한 가구형태별 주관적 의미체계의 차이는 축적된 자산의 사용행위 결정에 영향을 미칠 것이 예상된다. 따라서 이후 저소득 가구 자산형성정책 설계와 시행에 있어 가구형태별 주관적 의미와 그 사태의 내용이 고려되어야 할 것이다.

• 아동학회지
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.97-111
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• 2007

Children from low-income families are vulnerable to variable psychological and emotional stress related to financial issues and dysfunctional families. The subjects were 15 1st to 3rd graders who were low on the Self Esteem Scale (SES). They were attending an after-school center for elementary school students. They participated in three art therapy groups from April to October 2005. Children's depressive symptoms and self-esteem were assessed using the Children's Depression Inventory (CDI) and an observational check-list. Results showed that the group art therapy program brought about significant effects on increasing self-esteem of the children and reducing depressive symptoms, showing that group art therapy can facilitate emotional and psycho-social growth of children from low-income families and can be developed in family-based community programs.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.302-316
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• 2023

Objectives: The study aim was to identify changes in the nutritional status of older adults during the COVID-19 pandemic according to household income and demographic characteristics. Methods: Study participants were 2,408 adults aged 65 and over who participated in the 2019-2020 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES). To examine changes in nutrient intake levels resulting from COVID-19, data of 2019 and of 2020 were compared. Study participants were divided into three groups based on household income level to compare these changes. The changes were compared according to household income level, age group, and household type. Results: Percentages of recommended intakes for energy, protein, and most micronutrients were the lowest for the low-income group of both males and females in 2020. The Mean Adequacy Ratio (MAR) score was the lowest for the low-income group in both years. When comparing nutrient density for 2019 and 2020 by income group, the male low-income group experienced a decrease in nutrient densities of vitamin A, thiamine, calcium, and iron. For the same group, a decreased percentage for energy intake from protein was noted. Fruit intake was lowest in the low-income group for both males and females. Low-income males had the lowest intake levels for meat, fish, eggs, and legumes in both 2019 and 2020 and the lowest milk and milk product intake levels in 2020. Older adults living alone or single older adults with children had lower MAR scores than those living with a spouse. Older adults living alone experienced decreases in energy and thiamine and iron intake levels in 2020 compared to their intake levels in 2019. Conclusions: Because of the COVID-19 pandemic, nutrition intake levels worsened for older adult males in the low-income group and older adults living alone. This finding shows the need for a more systematic nutritional support strategy for the vulnerable older adults population in national disaster situations.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제26권6호
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• pp.467-481
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• 2021

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to examine the biochemical characteristics, intake of energy, and nutrients by household income levels of Korean adolescents aged 12 to 18 years. Methods: Data from the 6th (2013 ~ 2015) Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHNES) were used for the study. A total of 1,839 (966 boys, 873 girls) subjects were included, and they were divided into four income groups according to their household income level. We examined general characteristics (gender, region of residence, skipping or not-skipping breakfast, lunch, dinner, frequency of eating-out), anthropometric characteristics (height, weight, weight status), biochemical characteristics (fasting plasma glucose, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, triglycerides, cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, hemoglobin, and hematocrit), the quantitative intake of energy and nutrients using the Korean Dietary Reference Intakes (KDRI), and the qualitative intake evaluated by the nutrition adequacy ratio (NAR) and mean nutrition adequacy ratio (MAR) of the four groups. Results: There were significant differences by income group within the region of residence and the rate of skipping breakfast, lunch, and dinner. The low-income group had a higher rate of skipping breakfast, lunch, and dinner. According to the income group, there was a difference in the height of boys, and there was no difference in the weight and obesity of boys and girls. In the biochemical characteristics, only the hematocrit of girls showed differences by income group. The quantitative intake of energy and nutrients compared with KDRI differed by income group. There were differences in energy, carbohydrates, proteins, thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, and phosphorus levels in boys and protein, vitamin A, niacin, and sodium levels in girls. The qualitative intake of energy and nutrients examined using NAR and MAR also differed according to the income group. The NAR showed differences in calcium in boys and vitamin C and calcium in girls. The MAR revealed differences in both boys and girls by income group. Conclusions: Among adolescents in the low-income group, the rate of skipping meals was high, and the quantitative and qualitative intake of energy and some nutrients was low. It is suggested that the nutritional intake can be improved by lowering the rate of skipping breakfast, lunch, dinner. We suggest that even just providing breakfast in schools can be considered highly effective in improving the rate of avoidance of skipping meals and improving nutrient intake. Also, we suggest that it is necessary to improve the food environment, food availability, and food accessibility through national and social support for low-household income adolescents.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제44권8호
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• pp.79-87
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to estimate the minimum monthly food cost for the low income population. The food consumption data of 9,311 individuals from the 2001 Korean National Health and Nutrition Survey was used. The monthly food cost was calculated using the Consumer Food Price Database for the year 2001 provided by the Public Health Nutrition Laboratory, Seoul National University. The low income population (n = 1,310) was characterized as older age, lower income, smaller family size, lower education level, and lower energy intake as compared with the total population (n = 8,001). The estimated food cost showed that men in the low income population needed 15% more money for purchasing food to maintain the energy intake level at the average energy intake level of men in the total population. It was also estimated that women in the low income population needed 9% more money for purchasing food to maintain the energy intake level at the average energy intake level of women in the total population. There were differences in monthly food costs depending on the sex and age, and family size. The results of this study could be used as basic information to establish minimum food cost for the low income population in Korea.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.3-13
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• 2018

Although the number of dual low-income families continues to increase, working mothers are suffering from difficulties from housework and child rearing due to the economic difficulties and poor residential environment. By understanding the needs about community space and child-care support services, this study will look into planning cooperative child-care environments for dual low-income families with infants and children. Through purposive sampling this research targeted 151 dual income families with an average monthly income level of 1-3 in Seoul. The collected data was analyzed by frequency analysis, descriptive statistics, and independent sample t-test using SPSS. The research results are as follows: According to the review, respondents responded positively to cooperative child-care. Out of the 20 general community spaces, the need for an indoor playground, recreation room, day nursery, separate garbage and reading room ranked high. Overall, 21 child-care community spaces and 11 child-care support services were generally rated highly.

• 한국경제지리학회지
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.507-520
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• 2009

본 연구는 저소득층을 대상으로 주거이동을 통한 주거 불안정성의 변화를 분석하는데 목적을 두었다. 주거 불안정성은 주택의 노후도, 이사 횟수, 무주택 기간, 주거비 지불능력 등의 지표를 통해 측정하였다. 분석 결과 빈곤층 가구 중 자가 가구는 노후화된 주택의 물리적인 측면에서, 차가 가구는 주거비 부담 측면에서 주거 불안정성이 매우 심각한 것으로 나타났다. 주거이동을 통한 주거 불안정성 변화 요인을 다항로짓모형을 이용하여 추정한 결과 차가 가구의 경우 여성 가구주에 비해 남성 가구주일수록, 소득이 높을수록, 연령이 높을수록 상향이동할 확률이 높아지는 것으로 나타났다. 거주지별로 보면 비수도권 시 도에 비해 광역시 및 수도권에서 자가 가구의 하향이동 비율이 높아지고 차가 가구의 상향이동 비율이 낮아지는 것으로 나타나 대도시에 거주하고 있는 빈곤층 가구들이 자력으로 주거 불안정성을 개선하는데 더 많은 어려움을 겪는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 이전 거주지의 일반주택비율이 높을수록 빈곤층 자가 가구와 차가 가구 모두 하향이동 확률이 낮아지며, 특히 차가 가구의 상향이동 비율이 높아지는 것으로 나타났다. 이는 빈곤층의 주거 불안정성 개선을 위해서는 아파트 위주의 주택공급보다 저소득층이 지불가능한 저렴한 주택 재고량을 유지시키는 정책이 더 효과적일 수 있음을 시사 해준다.

• 국제학술발표논문집
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• The 7th International Conference on Construction Engineering and Project Management Summit Forum on Sustainable Construction and Management
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• pp.138-145
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• 2017

As that experienced in other developing countries, Mongolia has already faced multilateral side issues for two decades due to economic growth that created Ger areas or internationally 'Slum', public housing and living conditions for low-income citizens, on the basis of rapid migration from rural areas to urban. Ger areas appear to be the main cause of environmental pollution problems and impending comfortable living conditions of the city's residents by covering more than half area of Ulaanbaatar city. Also, the spread of the Ger areas has many side issues such as prevention of urban development and unaesthetic. Most inhabitants of the areas are on low-incomes, and living in the detached houses or felt yurts (Ger) usually build within a low budget, by themselves or unprofessional people, and by using materials of poor quality. Therefore, Ger areas are an inevitable issue that requires effective, proper and immediate housing policy coordination under the government and even the housing market. Unfortunately housing policies, laws, and projects adopted by Mongolian government have shown inefficient results. The government housing policies, unlike other developing countries did not target low-income households' housing which is the priority issue for two decades. But only in 2014, the Long-term housing policy with the strategy for affordable housing initiated the housing policy for low-income households. This policy has five main broad directions such as redevelopment of Ger area, the land readjustment, public rental housing, new settlements and new city and reconstruction for old apartments, which are rather general and would require tremendous financial resources if each of the directions is implemented simultaneously without prioritization. Therefore this research aims to suggest the efficient and adequate housing policy direction for the low-income households in Ger area based on achievement of other developing countries' strategies, performances and generic characteristic with explanatory models. Also, this research adopts a literature analysis method that uses various research reports, related papers in domestic and international journals, and theses by experts, researchers, public institutions, and agencies.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제55권4호
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• pp.389-397
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• 2022

Objectives: This study examined the effect of out-of-pocket (OOP) payment reduction on the potential utilization of low-value magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) across income groups. Methods: We conducted an experimental vignette survey using a proportional quota-based sample of individuals in Korea (n=1229). In two hypothetical vignettes, participants were asked whether they would be willing to use MRI if they had uncomplicated headache and non-specific low back pain, each before and after OOP payment reduction. To account for the possible role of physician inducement, half of the participants were initially presented with vignettes that included a physician recommendation for low-value care. The predicted probability, slope index of inequality (SII), and relative index of inequality (RII) were calculated using logistic regression. Results: Before OOP payment reduction, the lowest income quintile was least likely to use low-value MRI regardless of physician inducement (36.7-49.6% for low back pain; 30.5-39.3% for headache). After OOP payment reduction, almost all individuals in each income quintile were willing to use low-value MRI (89.8-98.0% for low back pain; 78.1-90.3% for headache). Absolute and relative inequalities concerning potential low-value MRI utilization decreased after OOP payments were reduced, even without physician inducement (SII: from 8.15 to 5.37%, RII: from 1.20 to 1.06 for low back pain; SII: from 6.99 to 0.83%, RII: from 1.20 to 1.01 for headache). Conclusions: OOP payment reduction for MRI has the potential to increase low-value care utilization among all income groups while decreasing inequality in low-value care utilization.