• 제목/요약/키워드: low flow season

검색결과 104건 처리시간 0.029초

인북천에서 부착조류 현존량의 시·공간적 변동 (The Spatial and Temporal Variation of Periphyton in the Inbuk Stream)

  • 이재용;자히둘 이슬람;신명선;정성민;김범철
    • 한국물환경학회지
    • /
    • 제26권1호
    • /
    • pp.104-110
    • /
    • 2010
  • Eutrophication is a well-known phenomenon in lentic habitats, however it is receiving increasing attention in shallow streams of Korea due to the increase of periphyton to a nuisance level. In this study temporal and spatial variation in periphyton standing crop and nutrient concentrations were surveyed in the upper reach of the Han River (the Inbuk Stream) that used to be a pristine rural stream until 1980s. Chlorophyll-a concentration per unit surface area of bottom substrate was examined monthly for one year period at nine sites along the Inbuk Stream together with environmental factors such as phosphorus, nitrogen, and water velocity. The standing crop of periphytic algae ranged from $4{\sim}242mgChl.a/m^2$ with a median of $55mgChl.a/m^2$, often exceeding the nuisance level criterion. Along the stream periphyton increased significantly from $39{\pm}48mgChl.a/m^2$ to $94{\pm}49mgChl.a/m^2$ after merging of a tributary in an intensive agricultural basin with high phosphorus concentrations. Seasonally periphyton biomass was highest in autumn (median $171{\pm}76mgChl.a/m^2$) from October through December when water flow velocity was low (median $0.4{\pm}0.3m/s$), while it was higher in flood season (median $1.2{\pm}0.4m/s$) and freezing season (median $0.2{\pm}0.3m/s$) was lower. The result shows that this rural stream often shows characteristics of eutrophication according to periphyton standing crop and it may be regulated by phosphorus and water velocity.

전북지역 농업용 하천유역의 수질과 부하량 특성 (Assessment of Water Quality and Pollutant Loads on Agricultural Watershed in Jeonbuk Province)

  • 엄미정;문영훈;안병구;신용규
    • 한국환경농학회지
    • /
    • 제27권2호
    • /
    • pp.111-119
    • /
    • 2008
  • 전북도내에서 농업용수원으로 사용되고 있는 소규모 하천들의 수질 및 오염부하량 조사를 통해 효율적인 수질개선을 위한 기초자료를 얻고자 본 시험을 수행하였다. 24개 하천의 수질은 EC가 $0.07{\sim}0.52$ dS/m, BOD가 $0.1{\sim}5.0$ mg/L, $COD_{Cr}$$0.6{\sim}17.7$ mg/L 등 이었으며, 범위는 다양하였으나 연도에 따른 평균값은 큰 차이를 보이지 않았다. 또한 ${SO_4}^{2-}$$5.7{\sim}52.7$ mg/L, $Cl^-$함량은 $0.9{\sim}57.5$ mg/L, $Na^+$함량은 $2.5{\sim}48.9$ mg/L의 범위를 보여 관개용수 수질로는 양호한 상태였다. 조사하천 대부분의T-N 함량은 5.0 mg/L 이하, T-P함량은 0.10 mg/L이하였으나 일부 하천에서 5.0 mg/L 이상의 질소를 함유하고 있는 경우가 있어 관개수질을 고려한 합리적인 시비가 필요한 것으로 나타났다. 강우기의 EC, $Ca^{2+},\;Mg^{2+},\;K^+$$Na^+$ 등의 함량은 감소하였지만, BOD, $COD_{Cr},\;COD_{Mn}$, T-N 및 T-P의 농도는 뚜렷한 차이를 보이지 않았으며, 높은 농도의 SS가 하천 유량의 증가와 함께 유출되고 있어 강우기의 지표면 유출이 수계에 영향을 주는 것으로 나타났다. 조사하천의 오염부하량은 BOD가 $9.6{\sim}757.9$ kg/day, T-N이 $51.2{\sim}1418.5$ kg/day, T-P가 $0.3{\sim}44.7$ kg/day로 유역 및 성분에 따라 많은 차이를 보이고 있었다. 갈수기에 비하여 강우기에 BOD는 $3.0{\sim}4.4$배, T-N는 $3.0{\sim}4.0$배, T-P는 $4.1{\sim}5.6$배의 부하량 증가를 보여 강우기에 주변 유역에서의 유기물을 비롯한 각종 영양염류의 유출이 많아지고 있었다. 논 면적비율이 30%이상인 하천유역(A그룹)이 30%이하인 하천(B그룹)유역이 비하여 영농기였던 7월의 강우기에 유량과 영양물질의 유달부하량이 상대적으로 적게 나타났으며, 갈수기 대비 강우기의 부하량 증가도 B그룹에서 유량이 5.7배 증가한 것에 비교하여 A그룹의 유량 증가는 2.3배로 적게 나타났다. BOD, T-N, T-P의 부하량과 유량과의 회귀식 결정계수($R^2$)는 BOD가 $0.8025^{**}$, T-N이 $0.9229^{**}$, T-P가 $0.7612^{**}$으로 유량과 T-N 부하량과의 상관이 가장 높게 나타났다.

Interannual and Seasonal Fluctuations of Nutrients, Suspended Solids, Chlorophyll, and Trophic Sate along with Other General Water Quality Parameters Near Two Intake Towers of Daechung Dam

  • Lee, Sun-Goo;Han, Jeong-Ho;Lee, Jae-Hoon;An, Kwang-Guk
    • 생태와환경
    • /
    • 제43권4호
    • /
    • pp.492-502
    • /
    • 2010
  • The study objects were to analyze long-term and seasonal variations of nutrients (N, P), suspended solids, N:P ratios, algal chlorophyll, and trophic state along with general water quality parameters in four sampling sites including two intake tower sites supplying drinking water in Daechung Reservoir. For the analysis, we used water quality long-term data sampled during 1998~2007 by the Ministry of Environment, Korea. Interannual and seasonal trends in inflow and discharge near the intake tower facilities over the ten years were directly influenced by rainfall pattern. The distinct difference between wet year (2003) and dry year (2001) produced marked differences in water temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, organic matter contents, nutrients, and these variables influenced algal biomass and trophic state. Values of TP varied depending on the year and locations sampled, but monthly mean TP always peaked during July~August when river inflow and precipitation were maxima. In contrast, TN varied little compared to TP, indicating lower influence by seasonal flow compared to phosphorus. The number of E. coli were highest in Site 2 (Chudong intake tower) and varied largely, whereas at other sites, the numbers were low and low variations. Contents of chlorophyll-${\alpha}$ (CHL), as an estimation of primary productivity, varied largely depending on the year and season. The maximum of CHL occurred at Muneu intake tower (S4) during 2006 when the precipitation and inflow were lowest. In contrast, another CHL peak was observed in Site 2 (Chudong intake tower) in 2006 when one of the largest typoons (Ewinia) occurred and river runoff were maximum. So the CHL maxima were associated with both wet year (high flow, high nutrient supply) and dry year (low flow, nutrient supply by littoral zone). Such conditions influenced trophic states, based on Trophic State Index of nutrients and CHL. Based on all analyses, we can provide some clues for management and protection strategies of two intake tower sites.

도시 강우유출수 처리 인공습지의 토양특성 및 오염물질 저감에 따른 미생물 영향 평가 (Microbial Influence on Soil Properties and Pollutant Reduction in a Horizontal Subsurface Flow Constructed Wetland Treating Urban Runoff)

  • ;;오유경;;김이형
    • 한국습지학회지
    • /
    • 제26권2호
    • /
    • pp.168-181
    • /
    • 2024
  • 인공습지는(CW)는 침투, 흡착, 저류, 식물과 미생물의 증발산 등과 같은 수문학적 및 생태학적 기작에 의하여 오염물질 제거, 탄소흡수 및 저장, 생물다양성 향상 등의 생태계서비스를 제공한다. 본 연구는 수평지하흐름 인공습지(HSSF CW)의 미생물 군집과 토양의 물리·화학적 특성 및 처리효율의 상관관계를 분석하기 위하여 수행되었다. 연구를 위한 모니터링은 강우시 수질특성, 토양특성, 미생물 분석이 수행되었다. 따뜻한 계절(>15℃) 에서 TSS, COD, TN, TP 및 중금속(Fe, Zn, Cd) 제거효율이33~74% 범위로 나타났다. 그러나 추운 계절(≤15℃)에서 TOC 35%로 가장 높은 제거 효율이 나타났다. 인공습지 내 토양은 인근에서 채취한 토양의 토양유기탄소(SOC) 함량보다 3.3배 더 높은 함량을 가지고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 유입부와 유출부의 탄소(C), 질소(N) 및 인(P)의 화학양론비(C:N:P)는 각각 120:1.5:1 및 135.2:0.4:1로 나타났으며, 탄소에 비해 질소와 인의 비율이 매우 낮아 미생물 성장에 문제가 발생될 수 있다. 미생물 분석에서는 생물다양성 지수를 통해 미생물 군집의 풍부도, 다양성, 균질성 및 균일성이 따뜻한 계절이 추운 계절에 비해 높게 나타났다. 인공습지의 강우유출수 오염물질 중 질소고정 미생물인 Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Acidobacteria, Bacteroidetes가 우점종으로 미생물 생장을 촉진하는 것으로 평가되었는데 이는 특정 토양특성 및 유입수 특성이 미생물 풍부도와 밀접한 관련이 있음을 의미한다.

Seasonal Phosphorus Dynamics in a Forest Stream Water Following Different Harvests

  • Park, Byung Bae
    • 한국산림과학회지
    • /
    • 제97권2호
    • /
    • pp.181-186
    • /
    • 2008
  • Even small changes in phosphorus concentrations in stream water could cause eutrophication because of very low level of phosphorus concentrations in natural waters. I investigated the impact of strip cut and clear cut on phosphorus concentrations in stream water at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest and investigated stream water phosphorus concentrations as a function of flow rate and season (as well as cutting history). Mean phosphate concentrations in the control (undisturbed forest) increased $1.9{\mu}g\;L^{-1}\;to\;2.6{\mu}g\;L^{-1}$, while strip cut treatment increased phosphate concentrations in stream water $2.2{\mu}g\;L^{-1}\;to\;3.7{\mu}g\;L^{-1}$ during the same period. There was no significant effect of clear cut treatment on phosphate concentrations in stream water. No relationships were found between discharge rate and phosphate concentrations, but the magnitude of fluctuation were increased during two decades in undisturbed forest: $1-5{\mu}g\;L^{-1}$ from 1963 to 1975 and $1-12{\mu}g\;L^{-1}$ from 1983 to 1995. Based on this study, forest harvests with buffer zone will not make a problem by imported phosphate to cause eutrophication in natural water.

대청호 저수지 수질해석을 해석을 위한 CE-QUAL-W2 모형의 검보정 (Calibration and Verification of CE-QUAL-W2 Model for Measuring Water Quality in the Daecheong Reservoir)

  • 하성룡;이재일
    • 환경영향평가
    • /
    • 제17권6호
    • /
    • pp.349-356
    • /
    • 2008
  • This paper aims to understand the effects of a turbidity flow intrusion on eutrophication in Daecheong Dam Reservoir. CE-QUAL-W2, a two-dimensional hydrodynamic and water quality model, is applied. The elevation of the reservoir water surface is used to validate the hydrodynamic model parameters and maximum fluctuations in the water surface elevations reaches about 1 m in the reservoir. During the heavy storm season, July, the thermocline submerged to less than 30 m below the surface. The thickness of the thermocline also reduced to 10 to 15 m. While the average TSS in June, the beginning of the monsoon was still low but it peaked in July due to heavy rainfall. Vertical profiles of the TSS regime in July indicated higher concentration in upper water layers and then the regime moves gradually downward in accordance with the time lapse. Due to the dam spillway opening, high concentrations of TSS attributed to storm turbidity ascended to the upper water layer by following the upward current movement and then, the regime precipitated to a layer below 30 to 40 m after September.

유인수로의 운영에 따른 달성보 인공하도식 어도의 유인효율 평가 (Assessment of Attraction Efficiency of By-pass Fishway at Dalseong Weir According to Operating Attraction Waterway)

  • 박지현;구영훈;백경오;김영도
    • 한국물환경학회지
    • /
    • 제31권1호
    • /
    • pp.1-11
    • /
    • 2015
  • In this study, the attraction efficiency of the by-pass fishway installed at Dalseong Weir in Nakdong River was assessed according to operation of the attraction waterway by using River2D which is a two-dimensional physical habitat simulation model. The model was calibrated and validated through the measured water elevation. The attraction efficiency of the fishway was evaluated at the low flow condition because the target fish, Zacco platypus (Z. platypus), have moved frequently up and downstream at the spawning season from April to June. From simulation results, it can be deduced that the attraction efficiency at situation of open attraction waterway is superior to that of close attraction waterway. Also it is shown that velocity field at inner region of the fishway is suitable for migration of the fish.

T-N 제거공정 개선을 위한 하수처리장 공정 분석 (Analysis of sewage treatment process for the improvement of T-N removal process)

  • 신춘환
    • 한국환경과학회지
    • /
    • 제27권2호
    • /
    • pp.99-107
    • /
    • 2018
  • In order to design the improvement process for T-N removal, the treatment process of Suyoung, Gangbyeon, and Noxan sewage treatment plants (STP) in Busan was anlayzed. Suyoung STP shows a T-N removal efficiency of about 69.8% with MLE(Modified Ludzack ettinger) and A2O+MBR. However, it is necessary to improve the process to maintain over DO of 1 mg/L and is required to install a flow control tank to minimize the rainfall effect. Gangbyun STP shows a about 70.2% T-N removal efficiency with A2O+GFF(gravity fiber filtration). However, in order to improve T-N removal efficiency, it is needed to install MLE process to treat recycle water. Noksan STP shows a T-N removal efficiency of about 71.0% with MLE+Chemical treatment and shows stable T-N concentration in effluent. However, it is required a toxic chemical management process because bad wastewater flows into the STP, also is necessary a process improvement in order to increase internal recycling ratio. Especially, it is required a process improvement to increase HRT of nitrification tank because Suyoung and Gangbyeon STPs shows low nitrification efficiency during winter season.

한강 하구 신곡수중보 하류에서 하상변동 - 2009년부터 2010년까지 (Bed Changes downstream the Singok Submerged Weir in the Han River Estuary - from 2009 to 2010)

  • 황승용;이삼희
    • 대한토목학회논문집
    • /
    • 제38권6호
    • /
    • pp.819-829
    • /
    • 2018
  • 한강 하구 신곡수중보 하류에서 하상변동 조사를 실시하고 평균 하상고와 하상변동량을 계산하여 하상변동 경향에 대해 검토하였다. 저수로 하상변화에 초점을 맞추기 위해 부등류 계산을 통한 시행착오법으로 '저수로 만제 유량'을 설정하여 평균 하상고를 산정하였다. '평균 하상'을 기준으로 계산된 하상변동량 덕분에 여러 시기 하상을 일관된 기준으로 비교할 수 있었다. 한강 하구에서 하상변동 경향은 홍수에 따른 저하와 비홍수기 조석에 따른 상승의 순환으로 드러났다.

반폐쇄된 무안만에서 부유물질의 계절적 변동 및 운반양상 (Seasonal Variation and Transport Pattern of Suspended Matters in semiclosed Muan Bay, Southwestern Coast of Korea)

  • 류상옥;김주용;유환수
    • 한국지구과학회지
    • /
    • 제21권2호
    • /
    • pp.128-136
    • /
    • 2000
  • 반폐쇄된 무안만에서 동계와 하계 동안 부유물질의 변동 및 이동양상을 규명하기 위해 염분과 조류, 부유물질의 특성이 조사되었다. 무안만에서 부유물질 함량은 계절적으로 크게 변하여 동계에 낮고 수직적으로 균질한 반면, 하계에 높고 수직적으로 성층화되는 경향을 보였다. 특히, 하계에는 영산강하구언의 갑문조작에 따라 유입되는 담수와 부유물질이 남쪽을 따라 흐르던 연안류가 약화되면서 북측으로 확산되는 경향을 보였다. 또한, 부유물질의 잔여이동은 서측 만입구에서는 하구언과 방조제 건설에 따라 창조류의 지속시간이 길어지면서 계절에 무관하게 만 내로 유입되는 경향을 보인 반면, 남측 만입구에서는 낙조우세와 서측 만입구에서 조석의 비대칭 현상에 의해 만 외부로 유출되는 경향을 보인다. 부유물질의 잔여이동량은 서측 만입구에서 0.0078kg/m ${\cdot}$ sec, 남측 만입구에서 -0.0955kg/m ${\cdot}$ sec로 무안만이 전반적으로 침식되는 경향을 보였으며, 이와 같은 침식현상은 만 내의 조간대를 중심으로 진행된 것으로 여겨진다.

  • PDF