• 제목/요약/키워드: low flash point fuel

검색결과 23건 처리시간 0.027초

유화유 생산의 적정 인화점에 관한 연구 (A Study on the Optimal Flash-Point of WDF Production)

  • 이진;김화성
    • 한국전기전자재료학회논문지
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    • 제33권4호
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    • pp.310-314
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    • 2020
  • Although waste oil derived fuel (WDF) production technology was developed under a government initiative ~10 years ago, it became stagnant owing to the small size of participating companies, residents' rejection of foul odor, and the nature of the technology for recycling waste that was avoided. However, this subject is under the spotlight again because of recent developments, such as garbage crisis. In particular, plastic is the most difficult waste to dispose of, with more than 4 million tons of plastic waste produced every year according to statistics from the Ministry of Environment. The most effective method for treating plastic waste is to produce WDF through low temperature thermal decomposition. The WDF includes several volatile ingredients that mostly limit the use of fuel for boilers, owing to safety concerns. In particular, flash point is legally stipulated because of secondary contamination in the distribution process and the risk of fire and explosion. It is required that external shipments (distribution) should be maintained in the range of at least 30~60℃ (excluding explosion prevention facilities) for diesel power generation. Therefore, this study seeks to find the flash point that is best suited to WDFs produced from plastic waste.

감압비등을 이용한 혼합연료의 분무제어에 관한 연구 (Study on the Spray Control of Mixed Fuel Using Flash Boiling)

  • 명광재;윤준규
    • 대한기계학회논문집B
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    • 제34권11호
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    • pp.1005-1013
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    • 2010
  • 본 연구는 HCCI 엔진의 운전조건을 고려한 혼합연료의 감압비등 분무제어방법을 평가하기 위하여 수행하였다. 2상영역이 존재하는 혼합연료는 고비점성분의 증발촉진과 함께 연료분무의 급격한 증발을 유도할 수 있는 감압비등분무를 이용함으로써 저온 및 저밀도장에서 혼합기형성과정의 제어가 가능하다. HCCI 엔진은 이러한 분위기조건에서 연료를 조기분사하기 때문에 착화성이 높은 경유와 휘발성이 높은 가솔린성분으로 함유한 혼합연료의 감압비등현상을 이용함으로써 액체연료의 분열, 미립화와 같은 물리적 제어 및 착화연소에 의한 화학적 제어를 실현할 수 있다. 본 연구는 혼합연료의 성분과 몰분율을 주요변수로 설정하여 정적용기 내에 분사된 연료분무의 감압비등현상을 슐리렌 화상 및 Mie 산란광을 촬영한 후, 화상처리과정을 통하여 이루어졌다. 그 결과로 감압비등현상은 비교적 저온 및 저밀도장에서 분무구조가 크게 변화함을 알 수 있었으며, 조기 연료분사시기에서 감압비등분무를 이용한 혼합기형성을 제어함으로써 HCCI 연소에 적용이 가능할 것으로 분석하였다.

The Effect of Biodiesel and Ultra Low Sulfur Diesel Fuels on Emissions in 11,000 cc Heavy-Duty Diesel Engine

  • Baik, Doo-Sung;Han, Young-Chool
    • Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
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    • 제19권3호
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    • pp.870-876
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    • 2005
  • It seems very difficult to comply with upcoming stringent emission standards in vehicles. To develop low emission engines, better quality of automotive fuels must be achieved. Since sulfur contents in diesel fuels are transformed to sulfate-laden particulate matters as a catalyst is applied, it is necessary to provide low sulfur fuels before any Pt-based oxidation catalysts are applied. In general, flash point, distillation $90\%$ and cetane index are improved but viscosity can be worse in the process of desulfurization of diesel fuel. Excessive reduction of sulfur may cause to degrade viscosity of fuels and engine performance in fuel injection systems. This research focused on the performance of an 11,000 cc diesel engine and emission characteristics by the introduction of ULSD, bio-diesel and a diesel oxidation catalyst, where the bio-diesel was used to improve viscosity of fuels in fuel injection systems as fuel additives or alternative fuels.

수분오염에 따른 경유의 연료적 특성 (The Fuel Characteristics of Diesel by Water Contamination)

  • 임영관;원기요;강병석;박소휘;박장민;강대혁
    • Tribology and Lubricants
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    • 제36권6호
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    • pp.385-390
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    • 2020
  • It rains heavily, such as long rain and typhoons, during a typical rainy season in Korea. In this season, several fuel contamination accidents by water and vehicular problems caused by water contaminated fuel occur. Many research groups have studied the effects of water contaminated fuel on vehicles and environment. However the characteristics of water contaminated fuel have not been studied. In this study, we prepared diesel samples with a constant ratio of water (0~30 volume %) using an emulsifier. Then, we analyzed these diesel samples for their representative fuel properties. In the analytical results, diesel with 30% water showed an increase in fuel properties such as density (823→883 kg/㎥), kinematic viscosity (2.601→6.345 ㎟/s), flash point (47→56℃), pour point (-22→2℃), CFPP (cold filter plugging point) (-17→20℃) and copper corrosion number (1a→2a). The low temperature characteristics, such as low pour point and CFPP, blocks the fuel filter in the cold season. In addition, water contaminated diesel decreases lubricity (190→410 ㎛) under high frequency reciprocating rig (HFRR) and derived cetane number (54.81→34.25). The low lubricity of fuel causes vehicle problem such as pump and injector damage owing to severe friction. In addition, the low cetane diesel fuel increases exhaust gases such as NOx and particulate matters (PM) owing to incomplete combustion. This study can be used to identify the problems caused by water contamination to vehicle and fuel facilities.

EMISSION CHARACTERISTICS IN ULTRA LOW SULFUR DIESEL

  • Oh, S.-K.;Baik, D.-S.;Han, Y.C.
    • International Journal of Automotive Technology
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    • 제4권2호
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    • pp.95-100
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    • 2003
  • Automobile industry has been developed rapidly as a key manufacturing industry in Korea. Meanwhile, air pollution is getting worse noticeably than ever. In the diesel emission, PM (Particulate Matter) and NOx (Nitrogen Oxides) have been exhausted with a great amount and the corresponding emission regulations are getting stringent. In order to develop low emission engines, it is necessary to research on better qualified fuels. Sulfur contained in fuel is transformed to sulfur compound by DOC (Diesel Oxidation Catalyst) and then it causes to the increase of sulfate-laden PM on the surface of catalyst. In this research, ULSD (Ultra Low Sulfur Diesel) is used as a fuel and some experimental results are investigated. ULSD can reduce not only PM but also gas materials because cetane value, flash point, distillation 90%, pour point and viscosity are improved in the process of desulfurization. However, excessively reduced sulfur may cause to decease lubricity of fuel and engine performance in fuel injection system. Therefore, it requires only modest adjusted amount of sulfur can improve engine performance and DOC, as well as decrease of emission.

운동에너지탄에 의한 전투시스템의 순간화재 발생가능성에 대한 연구 (A Study on The Possibility of Flash Fire of Combat System by Kinetic Energy Ammunitions)

  • 박영주;이은민;이해평;황미정;이창현
    • 한국안전학회지
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    • 제29권2호
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    • pp.89-97
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    • 2014
  • This study analyzed various possibilities of flash fire which could occur in a variety of combats, in order to predict that of flash fire of combat system armor using Autodyn program. The possibility was judged by the temperature distribution of fuels, which was caused by the impact of parts of fuel systems through an armor, in the event of getting shot by external ammunition. Diverse variables could affect the possibility of flash fire: external ammunition(Type A: penetration 570 mm, Type B: penetration 410 mm), fuels(Gasoline, Diesel, Kerosene), the thickness of an armor(100, 200, 300, 400, 500 mm), the gap of a fuel tank and an armor(45, 95, 145, 195, 245, 295 mm). As a result, when an armor was 20 mm think, the temperature of 3 fuels ranged like this: Gasoline 372~387 K, Diesel 442~408 K, Kerosene 384~395 K. Although they made a little difference among them, they all didn't reach their ignition points. When an armor was 200 mm think, each fuel reached the maximum temperature, not reaching its ignition points as well. The thicker an armor was, the lower the temperature got. When Type B ammunition was used, the temperature of fuels went up 19~59 K higher than Type A was used. In the case that the gap of fuel tank and an armor was 20 mm thick, the temperature distribution of Gasoline showed 389~450 K, the maximum temperature appeared in the gap of 145 mm, and the minimum temperature 295 mm. For Type B, the temperature distribution of fuels ranged 386~401 K, the maximum temperature appeared in the gap of 245 mm, and the minimum temperature 45 mm. There was no significant difference between two cases, and neither of them reached its ignition point. Accordingly, as the tested fuels of combat systems didn't reach their ignition points, it is thought that the possibility of flash point of an armor is low.

시뮬레이션을 이용한 암모니아, 에탄올, 노말데케인 분무 특성 비교 (Comparison of spray characteristics for ammonia, ethanol, n-decane by using numerical simulation)

  • 이재진;염은섭
    • 한국가시화정보학회지
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    • 제20권2호
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    • pp.38-44
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    • 2022
  • Due to increasingly strict emission regulations for carbon-based fuels in the shipping industry, there is a significant motivation to investigate the alternative fuel. Ammonia is one of the attractive alternative fuels as a carbon-free fuel. Since ammonia has different properties such as high vapor pressure and low boiling point compared to conventional fuels, further research into ammonia spray behavior is important. In this work, the spray characteristics of ammonia and other fluids (ethanol, n-decane) were compared by using numerical simulation. The results show that the spray characteristics of ammonia differs from those of the others due to the occurrence of flash boiling. The narrow-dispersed spray with accelerated velocity at the center have been observed for ammonia. It is also found that droplets of ammonia achieve smaller diameter with more uniform distribution, leading to better atomization behavior compared to the others.

대형 디젤기관에서 초저유황경유, 바이오디젤 및 디젤산화촉매 적용시의 배기가스 특성 (Emission Characteristics in The Application of ULSD, Biodiesel and DOC in Heavy Duty Diesel Engine)

  • 백두성;박만재
    • 대한기계학회논문집B
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    • 제28권1호
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    • pp.52-58
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    • 2004
  • To develop a low emission engine, it is necessary to obtain some better quality of automotive fuels. Sulfur in fuel is transformed to sulfate-laden PM as DOC is applied. Therefore, it necessary to provide low sulfur fuels before DOC is applied. According to the specification of test fuels, flash point, distillation 90%, cetane index are improved but viscosity is decreased in the process of desulfurization. Excessively reduced sulfur may cause to decrease lubricity of fuel and engine performance in fuel injection system. Therefore, this research was emphasized how the application of Bio-diesel affects on the emission characteristics and engine performance under the circumstance of ULSD and DOC.

친환경연료 선박의 가스누출 피해저감을 위한 연구 (A Study on Safety Assessment for Low-flashpoint and Eco-friendly Fueled Ship)

  • 류보림;;강호근
    • 한국항해항만학회지
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    • 제47권1호
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    • pp.25-36
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    • 2023
  • 선박의 온실가스 감축을 위한 다양한 환경규제가 발효되었고, 이로 인해 액화 천연 가스(Liquid natural gas, LNG), 액화 석유 가스(Liquefied petroleum gas, LPG), 암모니아 그리고 바이오 연료 등 여러 대체 연료를 선박에 적용하고 있다. 대안 연료의 대부분이 액화가스형태의 저인화점 연료가 많이 거론되고 있고 그 사용량은 지속적으로 늘어날 것으로 예상된다. 이에 따라, 이러한 저인화점 연료를 선박 연료로써 이용하기 위한 표준이나 지침서가 필요한데 아직까지 미비한 실정이다. LNG의 경우, 벙커링과 관련하여 ISO 표준이 마련되었고 비영리민간기구(NGO)인 선박가스연료협회(Society for Gas as a Marine Fuel, SGMF)에서도 LNG 벙커링에 대한 지침서를 마련하여 발간하였다. 이와 더불어, 선급에서도 안전한 벙커링을 위해 벙커링 방법과 절차에 따라 안전관리구역을 지정하도록 하고 있다. 따라서, 연료에 따른 안전관리구역을 설정하기 위한 절차를 마련하고 절차 수립을 위해 벙커링 환경조건과 가스 누출 시나리오를 분석하고 이를 토대로 수치해석적 방법으로 검증이 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 이러한 절차 수립을 위한 초기 연구로써, 산업계의 적용 현황과 표준을 살펴보고 선급 지침서와 기존 선행 연구를 분석 및 조사하였다. 이를 바탕으로 국내 항만에서 벙커링을 위한 안전관리구역 설정을 위한 절차를 마련하고자 한다.

Case study on operating characteristics of gas fueled ship under the conditions of load variation

  • Chun, Jung-Min;Kang, Ho-Keun;Kim, You-Taek;Jung, Mun-Hwa;Cho, Kwon-Hae
    • Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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    • 제40권5호
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    • pp.447-452
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    • 2016
  • The use of gas as fuel, particularly liquefied natural gas (LNG), has increased in recent years owing to its lower sulfur and particulate emissions compared to fuel oil or marine diesel oil. LNG is a low temperature, volatile fuel with very low flash point. The major challenges of using LNG are related to fuel bunkering, storing, and handling during ship operation. The main components of an LNG fuel system are the bunkering equipment, fuel tanks, vaporizers/heaters, pressure build-up units (PBUs), and gas controlling units. Low-pressure dual-fuel (DF) engines are predominant in small LNG-powered vessels and have been operating in many small- and medium-sized ferries or LNG-fueled generators.(Tamura, K., 2010; Esoy, V., 2011[1][2]) Small ships sailing at coast or offshore rarely have continuous operation at constant engine load in contrast to large ships sailing in the ocean. This is because ship operators need to change the engine load frequently due to various obstacles and narrow channels. Therefore, controlling the overall system performance of a gas supply system during transient operations and decision of bunkering time under a very poor infrastructure condition is crucial. In this study, we analyzed the fuel consumption, the system stability, and the dynamic characteristics in supplying fuel gas for operating conditions with frequent engine load changes using a commercial analysis program. For the model ship, we selected the 'Econuri', Asia's first LNG-powered vessel, which is now in operation at Incheon Port of South Korea.