• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.435-440
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• 2018

This study analyzed the general components of rice bread with 75% rice content such as water, crude ash, crude protein, crude fat and carbohydrate, and its nutrients such as vitamin C, vitamin A, vitamin E content, minerals, amino acids, and fatty acids. The contents of crude protein were high and those of crude fat were low with the contents of crude ash, crude protein, and crude fat being 1.61, 18.50, 0.04 g/100 g respectively. Vitamin A was not detected and the contents of vitamin C and vitamin E were 3.85 and 3.04 mg/100 g, respectively. The calcium, potassium, magnesium, iron and sodium contents were 222.0, 117.90, 24.12, 2.30, 555.90 mg/100 g respectively. Rice bread contains 9 essential amino acids such as valine, leucine, isoleucine, methionine, threonine, lysine, phenylalanine, histidine, and arginine. The analysis of rice bread fatty acid showed 58.04 mg/100 g of saturated fatty acid, 26.31mg/100 g of monounsaturated fatty acid and 15.64 mg/100 g of polyunsaturated fatty acid. The total essential fatty acid content was 15.49 mg/100 g. With the rising interest in processed rice products, well-being, and diet, it is necessary to develop processed rice foods that are nutritional and low in calories using rice powder that is nutritionally better than flour.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제37권2호
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• pp.162-167
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• 2017

Functional and nutritional soluble proteins can be recovered from surimi (and surimi-like material) processing wastewater, reducing environmental problems and the cost of an irresponsible waste disposal. Recovered proteins may be added back at a low percentage to surimi products. The aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of the addition of soluble recovered proteins (RP), obtained from mechanically separated chicken meat surimi-like material (MSCM-SLM) processing wastewater by acidic pH-shifting, on the composition and texture of RP-MSCM-SLM, with RP contents of 0, 10, 20 and 30% (w/w) in the mixture. For that, proximate composition and gel properties were evaluated. The fat content of the MSCM-SLM was significantly reduced to 11.98% and protein increased to 83.64% (dry basis) after three washing cycles. The addition of 30% RP in the MSCM-SLM significantly augmented the protein content to 93.45% and reduced fat content from to 2.78%. On the other hand, the addition of RP was responsible for a drastic decrease in texture parameters, reaching 252.36 g, 185.23 g.cm, and 6.97 N for breaking force, gel strength and cutting strength, respectively, when 30% of RP was included in the MSCM-SLM. It was concluded that the obtained intermediary product (RP-MSCM-SLM) is a good option to applications in processed meat products where high texture parameters are dispensable, e.g., emulsified inlaid frankfurter-type sausages, but high protein content and low fat content desired.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.629-635
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• 2002

본 연구는 유화형 소시지와 유사한 물성을 갖는 저지방 소시지를 제조하기 위하여 실시하였다. 이전의 모델연구결과를 통해 얻은 최적조건을 저지방 육제품 제조에 적용하였으며 제조한 저지방 소시지의 pH는 6.29~6.34, 수분 74~76%, 지방<3% 및 단백질 15~18%인 반면, 유화형 소시지는 pH 6.51, 수분 56%, 지방 26.9% 및 단백질은 13.2%이었다. 친수성 콜로이드를 단독으로 첨가한 저지방 처리구는 무침가구와 비교할 때 가열수율, 보수력 및 색도에 영 향을 미치지 않았으나, CN을 첨가한 처리구의 보수력은 유화형 대조구와 KF 및 LBG를 각각 단독으로 첨가한 처리구에 비하여 오히려 낮았다. 물성특성에서는 저지 방 대조구와 CN을 첨가한 저지방 처리구가 유화형대조구보다 탄력성 및 응집성이 높았고, KF와 LBG를 각각 첨가한 처리구는 부서짐성과 경도 및 탄력성이 낮았다. KF, CN 및 LBG의 2종 내지 3종을 복합으로 첨가하여 저지방 소시지를 제조하였을 때 유화형 대조구에 비하여는 보수력은 떨어졌으나, KF와 LBG(KLL) 및 KF와 CN과 LBG(KCL)를 복합으로 첨가한 처리구는 단독 첨가구에 비하여 보수력이 증진되었다. 물성적인 특성에 있어서는KF와 LBG를 혼합하여 첨가한 처리구를 제외하고 다른 혼합 첨가구는 유화형 대조구와 비교적 유사한 물성적인 성상을 가졌으며 그 중 KF와 CN의 복합처리구가 유화형 대조구와 가장 유사한 물성을 가졌다. 이상의 결과에서 볼 때 기존의 유화형 대조구와 유사한 물성을 갖는 저지방 소시지를 개발하기 위하여 친수성 콜로이드의 단일첨가보다는 보수력이 좋은 KF 혹은 LBG등과 경도를 높여 주는 CN과의 복합지방대체제의 첨가가 더욱 효율적임을 알 수 있었다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.2495-2502
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• 2013

Background: Dietary fat has been inconsistently associated with the risk of breast cancer. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between meat and animal and plant fat intake and breast cancer risk in subgroups by total lifetime physical activity, using data from a case-control study conducted in the Region of Western Pomerania, Poland. Materials and Methods: The study included 858 women with histological confirmed breast cancer and 1,085 controls, free of any cancer diagnosis. The study was based on a self-administered questionnaire including questions about socio-demographic characteristics, current weight and height, reproductive factors, family history of breast cancer and lifestyle habits. Unconditional logistic regression was performed to calculate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results: High animal fat intake significantly increased OR from 1.7 times (OR=1.66, 95%CI=1.07-3.59) to 2.9 times (OR=2.9, 95%CI=1.37-6.14) independent of physical activity level, comparing the third versus the lowest quartile. Women with a high intake of red meat or processed meat and low physical activity showed increased risk of breast cancer: OR=2.70, 95%CI=1.21-6.03 and 1.78, 95%CI=1.04-3.59, respectively. The plant fat dietary pattern was negatively associated with breast cancer in sedentary women (OR=0.57, 95%CI=0.32-0.99). Conclusions: These results indicated that a diet characterized by a high consumption of animal fat is associated with a higher breast cancer risk in sedentary women, while consumption of plant fat products may reduce risk in the same group.

• 식품보건융합연구
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.11-23
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• 2022

Processed meat products are prone to oxidation and spoilage due to prolonged storage. By using natural spices that are harmless to the human body and have antioxidant and antibacterial effects to replace synthetic preservatives in consideration of consumers' qualitative consumption patterns that pursue nutrition and safety, and stimulate appetite with taste, aroma, and color of food. The purpose of this study was to study the effect on the quality characteristics of processed meat products. The spice group had a low crude fat for both the loin and sirloin cuts. Brightness, redness, and yellowness in the chromaticity of beef jerky and PYUNYUK added with spices were different from those of the control group and increased. In terms of texture, all the beef jerky groups increased firmness and friability, and there was a difference between refrigeration and room temperature storage. The elasticity and stickiness decreased with the lapse of storage period. In the PYUNYUK, the flavor of the spice group was low and the meat quality was soft. It was found that the addition of natural spices to replace synthetic preservatives had different effects on processed meat products and had a positive effect on general ingredients, mechanical properties, physicochemical properties, and sensory quality properties.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제50권2호
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• pp.217-226
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• 2008

도토리 가루를 각각 첨가 형태(분말, 수화)와 첨가량(0.5, 1.0%)을 달리하여 저지방 소시지를 제조하였고, 품질검사를 실시하였다. 도토리가루의 첨가형태나 첨가량은 대부분의 항목에서는 차이를 보이지 않은 반면 관능적인 향미분석에서 수화형태가 가루보다 그리고 첨가량에서 0.5%가 1.0% 보다 선호하는 경향을 보였다. pH, 일반성분, 가열 감량에서 도토리 가루를 첨가한 저지방 소시지는 저지방이나 유화형 대조구와 비교했을 때, 유의적인 차이를 나타내지 않았다(P>0.05). 반면 유리수분의 경우 도토리가루의 첨가는 기존의 지방대체재 첨가구나 유화형 대조구보다 더 낮은 유리 수분함량을 보임으로써 보수력을 증진시켰다. 색도에서는 유화형 및 저지방 대조구와 지방대체재를 첨가한 저지방소시지는 유의적인 차이를 나타내지 않은 반면에, 도토리 가루를 첨가한 저지방 소시지의 경우, 유의적인 차이를 보이며 낮은 명도 값을 나타냈다(P<0.05). 조직감 검사결과에서는 도토리 첨가형태나 첨가량에 의한 차이를 보이지 않았다(P>0.05). 관능검사에서는 유화형 소시지를 가장 선호하는 것으로 평가되었고, 도토리 가루를 첨가한 소시지의 경우에도 색도를 제외한 대부분의 관능성상이 유사하였으나 1%의 수화형태는 비교적 식염맛에서 낮은 점수를 보였다. 미생물 검사 결과에서는 유화형 소시지와 저지방 소시지 모두 검출되지 않아 위생상태가 양호한 것으로 평가되었다. 이와 같은 결과를 종합하여 볼 때, 저지방 소시지에 도토리 가루를 첨가함으로써 보수력을 증진시킬 수 있었고, 색도 이외에 다른 이화학적 및 조직학적인 차이를 보이지 않음에 따라 지방 대체재로 사용가능하다고 평가되었다. 이와 같은 결과에서 볼 때 0.5%의 첨가가 적당하고 가루형태보다 수화형태가 더 효과적인을 알 수 있었다. 다만 도토리 첨가에 따른 명도가 낮아지는 단점을 보완한다면 저지방 소시지의 대체제로 유용하게 사용할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.286-298
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• 1997

This study was aimed at examining the pattern of dietary fat intake of 120 university female students living in Kongju city in order to provide baseic data for establishing the dietary grideline of desirable fat intake. The subjects were divided into three groups according to living arrangenment ; family home(FH), or dormitory(DM), or self-boarding house(SB). Fat consumption of subjects was surveyed by two-day food records, and profiles of fatty acid and cholesterol taken were calculated based upon the data reported their contents of foods. The result was that mean daily fat intake was 42$\pm$2g for FH, 48$\pm$4g for DM and 41$\pm$3g for SB. The calorie intake by fat was 20.8, 21.5, and 20.4% respectively. The ratio of P/M/S was 1.3/1.7/1 for FH, 1.3/1.6/1 for DM and 1, .5/1.5/1 for SB. And the ratio of n-6/n-3 fatty acid was 5.2/1 for FH, 8.3/1 for DM and 7.2/1 for SB. Daily cholesterol intake was 208$\pm$20mg for FH, 223$\pm$29mg for DM and 251$\pm$27mg for SB. In addition, intake of n-3 fatty acid was 1.2$\pm$0.2g for FH, 0.9$\pm$0.1g for DM and 1.2$\pm$0.2g for DB. Considering the food source of fatty acids, saturated fatty acid and monounsaturated fatty acid were taken primarily from animal foods, especially milk and milk products, and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid was taken from vegetable oils and fats. As a major source of n-3 fatty acid, linolenic acid was obtained through vegetable oils and fats, and eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid were provided by fishes and their products. There patterns of fatty acid intakes did not differ according to living arrangement. The above results showed that intakes of fat and cholesterol, and ratios of P/M/S and n-6/n-3 fatty acid were overall desirable in all groups. However, intake of n-3 fatty acid was low in all groups. Therefore, consumption of perilla oil, legumes and fishes as a source of n-3 fatty acid should be increased by substituting other food source which provide fats and oils because calorie intake by fat was enough in these subject.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제38권4호
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• pp.693-702
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• 2018

The purpose of this study was to develop a commercially viable method for synthesis of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) using the linoleic acid fraction obtained from six pork by-products (liver, lung, heart, stomach, small intestine, and large intestine). The workflow of CLA synthesis from each by-product was as follows: washing${\rightarrow}$crude fat extraction${\rightarrow}$fractionation into saturated and unsaturated fatty acids${\rightarrow}$repeat unsaturated fatty acid fractionation${\rightarrow}$CLA synthesis. Cis-9, trans-11, and trans-10, cis-12 CLA was synthesized from pork by-products. The yield of CLA synthesis of pork by-products ranged from 1.55 to 11.18 g per 100 g of by-products. The amount of synthesized CLA was the highest in the small intestine and large intestine by-products. Fractionation of pork by-products nearly doubled the yield of CLA. We suggest that commercial fractionation methods could increase the yield of CLA at low cost, reduce waste, and improve the efficiency of by-product utilization.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.130-133
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• 1999

Body fat-reducing ability of oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus) water extract (OMWE) was investigated of mice by supplying it drinking water. OMWE(2.95% solid content ) was prepared by extracting a low grade of the mushroom at 12$0^{\circ}C$ for 10min. The solid material of OMWE was composed of 65.2% reducing sugar, 0.23% crude fat, 0.5%total protein, 1.2% ash and 32.9% others. OMWE was appropriately diluted with drinking water. Seventy two male ICR mice(25$\pm$1 g, 7~8 weeks of age, 6 mice/cage, 18 mice/treatment) housed in polycarbonate cages containing $\beta$-chips were adopted in a temperature-and humidity-controlled facility with free access to water and diet. One week later, the mice were subjected to one of the treatments for 36days : 0 (control), 10, 50 and 100% OMWE. Drinking wter with or without OMWE was supplied twice (40ml each, 80ml in total ) daily per cage. Body weight and fed intake were recorded every three days. At the end of the experiment, mice were sacrificed to determine the chemical composition (fat, protein, ash and water). Body weight of mice treated with OMWE (10, 50 and 100%) at day 36 was 35.9, 35.9and 35.5g per mouse , respectively, and not significantly reduced as compared to that (36.5g/mouse) of control mice. Average body fat of 0,10,50 and 10% OMWE -treated mice was 14.3, 13.1, 10.7 and 12.0% , respectively. Body fat reduction by 50% OMWE treatment was 25.2% (p<0.05) relative to control. OMWE did not affect feed intake. The contents of body protein and ash were increased with respect to body fat decrease, while water content was not changed much. These results suggest that OMWE could reduce body fat of the mice without body weight change, giving the best effect by 50% OMWE.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제42권2호
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• pp.295-312
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• 2022

Inulin is a non-digestible carbohydrate and a prebiotic that can also act as a fat replacer in various foods. This study examined the effect of replacing vegetable oil with garlic inulin on the quality traits of chicken sausages. Water-based inulin gels were prepared using garlic inulin or commercial inulin to imitate fats in chicken sausages. Chicken sausages were prepared separately replacing vegetable oil with water-based inulin gels to reach final inulin percentages of 1, 2, and 3 (w/w). The control was prepared using 3% (w/w) vegetable oil with no inulin. The physicochemical properties and thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) value of prepared sausages were analyzed over 28-d frozen storage. Sausages with 2% garlic inulin recorded higher flavour and overall acceptability scores (p<0.05). Ash, moisture, and protein contents of the sausages were increased with increasing levels of inulin while fat content was reduced from 13.67% (control) to 4.47%-4.85% (p<0.05) in 3% inulin-incorporated products. Sausages incorporated with 2% inulin had lower lightness (L^*) values than the control (p<0.05). Water holding capacity (WHC) was similar (p>0.05) among the samples. During storage L^* value, pH, and WHC decreased while redness (a^*) and yellowness (b^*) values increased in all the samples. In addition, TBARS values were increased during the storage in all samples within the acceptable limits. In conclusion, garlic inulin can be used successfully as a fat substitute in sausages without altering meat quality parameters.