• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.26-33
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• 2002

Dyeing properties and crosslinking effect of bifunctional reactive dyes on chitosan fiber were investigated to improve the stability of chitosan fiber against the mild acidic solution and the wet processing. Chitosan fibers were crosslinked with epichlorohydrin for comparing purpose, and dyed with C. I. Reactive Red 194, C. I. Reactive Blue 50, and the reactive dye having two $\alpha$-bromoacrylamide groups at various concentrations. The initial dyeing rates of reactive dyes are rapid and chitosan fibers absorb the relatively large amount of dyes. The chitosan fibers dyed with these dyes show the low degree of swelling and the low solubility in 1 % acetic acid solution and also represent the higher thermal stability The reactive dye with two $\alpha$-bromoacrylamide groups shows higher crosslinking effect than other dyes.

• Journal of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.89-93
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• 1981

Weibull analyses given to the initial mass function (IMF) deduced by Miller and Scalo (1979) have shown that the mass dependence of IMF is an exp$[-{\alpha}m]$- form in low mass range while in the high mass range it assumes an exp$[-{\alpha}\sqrt{m}]/\sqrt{m}$-form with the break-up being at about the solar mass. Various astrophysical reasonings are given for identifying the exp$[-{\alpha}m]$ and exp$[-{\alpha}\sqrt{m}]/\sqrt{m}$ with halo and disk star characteristics, respectively. The physical conditions during the halo formation were such that low mass stars were preferentially formed and those in the disk high mass stars favoured. The two component nature of IMF is in general accord with the dichotomies in various stellar properties.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.21-31
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• 2000

We investigated seasonal variation of microalgal assemblages, sea water temperature, salinity and suspended solid and the parameters measured daily from January 1998 to October 1999 at a nearshore shallow-water in Marian Cove, Maxwell Bay, King George Island, the Antarctic. Annual mean surface water temperature was -0.3$0^{\circ}C$ and the highest water temperature was 4.53$^{\circ}C$ (22 January 1999) and the lowest water temperature was -2.07$^{\circ}C$ (23 August 1998). Annual mean salinity was 33.38 psu, ranging from 42.80 psu (6 January 1999) to 19.50 psu (6 June 1999). Annual mean suspended solid (SS) during two years was 34.14 mgㆍ1$^{-1}$, ranging from 60.62 mgㆍ1$^{-1}$(7 March 1998) to 12.90 mgㆍ1$^{-1}$ (26 December 1998). Chlorophyll $\alpha$ (Chl $\alpha$) concentrations were measured in order to know seasonal variations of microalgae in the surface seawater. Annual mean of total Chl a concentration was 0.55$\mu\textrm{g}$ㆍ1$^{-1}$, the highest Chl $\alpha$ concentration (12.16$\mu\textrm{g}$ㆍ1$^{-1}$) appeared in 4 October 1998, the lowest Chl $\alpha$ concentration appeared 0.19$\mu\textrm{g}$ㆍ1$^{-1}$, Monthly mean total Chl $\alpha$ concentration was high in October 1998 (1.32$\mu\textrm{g}$ㆍ1$^{-1}$) and low in July on 1998 (0.28$\mu\textrm{g}$ㆍ1$^{-1}$). Annual mean nano-sized Chl $\alpha$ concentration was 0.40$\mu\textrm{g}$ㆍ1$^{-1}$, monthly mean nano -sized Chl $\alpha$ concentration was high in November 1998 (0.90$\mu\textrm{g}$ㆍ1$^{-1}$), and low in July 1999 (0.22$\mu\textrm{g}$ㆍ1$^{-1}$). Annual mean micro-sized Chl $\alpha$ concentration was 0.15$\mu\textrm{g}$ㆍ1$^{-1}$ monthly mean micro-sized Chl $\alpha$ concentration was high in October 1998 (0.81$\mu\textrm{g}$ㆍ1$^{-1}$), and low July 1998, January, February and September 1999 (0.05$\mu\textrm{g}$ㆍ1$^{-1}$). More than 65% of total Chl $\alpha$ was concentrated during spring and summer time between October and March. Microalgal variation appeared to be due to physical factors of seawater in the Antarctic nearshore from 1998 to 1999. The reason why micro-sized Chl $\alpha$ did not increase during austral summer was the bay had been frozen by decrease of water temperature. We think that total microalgal abundance was decreased because the summer microalgal abundance was determined by variation of water temperature during winter season. [Chl $\alpha$ concentration, Microalgal assembalges, Seasonal variation, the Antarctic nearshore].

• Progress in Superconductivity
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.41-45
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• 2010

Low temperature micro-calorimeters have been employed in the field of high resolution alpha spectrometers. These alpha detectors typically consist of a superconducting or metal absorber and a temperature sensor. The temperature sensor can be a transition edge sensor (TES), a metallic magnetic calorimeter (MMC) or other low temperature detectors for an accurate measurement of temperature change due to an alpha particle absorption. We report a recent study of the heat flow between a replaceable absorber and a temperature sensor. A piece of gold foil in $2.4{\times}2.7{\times}0.03\;mm^3$ is used as an absorber. A $40\;{\mu}m$ diameter Au:Er paramagnetic sensor is attached to another small piece of gold foil in $400{\times}200{\times}30\;{\mu}m^3$ to serve as the temperature sensor. This sensor assembly, Au:Er and gold foil, is placed on a miniature SQUID susceptometer in a gradiometric configuration. The thermal connection between the absorber and the sensor was made with three gold bonding wires. The measured thermal conductance shows a linear dependence to the temperature. The values are in a good agreement with Wiedemann-Franz type thermal conductance of the gold wires.

• Macromolecular Research
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.156-162
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• 2009

Supramolecular hydrogels were instantaneously fabricated by mixing aqueous solutions of $\alpha$-cyclodextrins ($\alpha$-CDs) and amphiphilic methoxy (polyethylene glycol) (MPEG)-$\varepsilon$-caprolactone (CL) oligomer, which was synthesized via the ring-opening polymerization of the CL monomer using low-molecular-weight MPEG ($M_n$ of MPEG=2,000 g/mol) as an initiator. The supramolecular structure of the hydrogels was revealed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses. Rheological studies of the hydrogels revealed an elastic character when the number of CL units in the oligomer was more than 2, and the obtained hydrogels showed high storage modulus but relatively low shearing viscosity due to the low-molecular-weight character of the oligomer, which was more preferable for use as an injectable delivery system. The physical properties of the hydrogels could be modulated by controlling the chain morphology and concentration of the oligomers, as well as the feed molar ratio of the oligomer to $\alpha$-CD. The components of the supramolecular hydrogels are biocompatible and can readily be eliminated from the body. These features render the supramolecular hydro gels suitable as drug delivery systems and tissue engineering scaffolds.

• Proceedings of the Korean Magnestics Society Conference
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• 2000.09a
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• pp.230-238
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• 2000

We present the magnetisation reversal dynamics of epitaxial Fe thin films grown on GaAs(001) and InAs(001) studied as a function of field sweep rate in the range 0.01-160 kOe/s using magneto-optic Kerr effect (MOKE). For 55 and 250 ${\AA}$ Fe/GaAs(001), we find that the hysteresis loop area A follows the scaling relation A ∝ H$\^$${\alpha}$/ with ${\alpha}$=0.03∼0.05 at low sweep rates and 0.33-0.40 at high sweep rates. For the 150 ${\AA}$ Fe/InAs(001) film, ${\alpha}$ is found to be ∼0.02 at low sweep rates and ∼0.17 at high sweep rates. The differing values of ${\alpha}$ are attributed to a change of the magnetisation reversal process with increasing sweep rate. Domain wall motion dominates the magnetisation reversal at low sweep rates, but becomes less significant with increasing sweep rate. At high sweep rates, the variation of the dynamic coercivity H$\sub$c/ is attributed to domain nucleation dominating the reversal process. The results of magnetic relaxation studies for easy-axis reversal are consistent with the sweeping of one or more walls through the entire probed region (∼100 $\mu\textrm{m}$). Domain images obtained by scanning Kerr microscopy during the easy cubic axis reversal process reveal large area domains separated by zigzag walls.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.47 no.2
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• pp.145-151
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• 2009

This study examined the association of cytokine gene polymorph isms with intrahepatic bile duct wall fibrosis in human clonorchiasis. A total of 240 residents in Heilongjiang, China underwent ultrasonography, blood sampling, and stool examination. Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) sites for $IFN-{\gamma}$ (+874 T/A), IL-10 (-1,082 G/A, -819 C/T, -592 C/A), $TNF-{\alpha}$ (-308 G/A), and $TGF-{\beta}1$ (codon 10 T/C, codon 25 G/C) genes were observed with the TaqMan allelic discrimination assay. No significant correlation was observed between individual cytokine gene polymorphisms and intrahepatic duct dilatation (IHDD). Among individuals with clonorchiasis of moderate intensity, the incidence of IHDD was high in those with $IFN-{\gamma}$ intermediate-producing genotype, +874AT (80.0%, P=0.177), and in those with $TNF-{\alpha}$ low-producing genotype, -308GG (63.0%, P=0.148). According to the combination of $IFN-{\gamma}$ and $TNF-{\alpha}$ genotypes, the risks for IHDD could be stratified into high (intermediate-producing $IFN-{\gamma}$ and low producing $TNF-{\alpha}$), moderate, and low (low-producing $IFN-{\gamma}$ and high producing $TNF-{\alpha}$) risk groups. The incidence of IHDD was significantly different among these groups (P=0.022): 88.9% (odds ratio, OR=24.0) in high, 56.5% (OR=3.9) in moderate, and 25.0% (OR=1) in low risk groups. SNP of $IFN-{\gamma}$ and $TNF-{\alpha}$ genes may contribute to the modulation of fibrosis in the intrahepatic bile duct wall in clonorchiasis patients.

• Proceedings of the Korean Fiber Society Conference
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• 2002.04a
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• pp.5-8
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• 2002

Poly(p-xylylene) (PPX) is most easily prepared by a vapor deposition polymerization (VDP) of [2, 2]paracychophane, as described by Gorham.$^1$ Poly(tetrafluoro-p-xylylene) (F-PPX) is of interest in view of its potential applications as an interlayer dielectric material in high-speed integrated circuits, since it has an extremely low dielectric constant (〈2.35).$^2$ (omitted)

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 1997.04a
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• pp.91-94
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• 1997

$\alpha$-sexithienyl($\alpha$-6T) thin films were deposited by Organic Molecular Beam Deposition(OMBD) technique, where the $\alpha$-6T was synthesized and purified by the sublimation method. The thin films of the $\alpha$-6T were deposited under various deposition conditions. The effects of deposition rate, substrate temperature. and vacuum pressure an the formation of these films have been studied. The molecular orientations of $\alpha$-6T films were investigated with the polarized electronic absorption spectroscopy. The molecules in the $\alpha$-6T film deposited at a low deposition rate under a high vacuum were aligned almost perpendicular to the substrate. The film deposited at an elevated substrate temperature (~9 $O^{\circ}C$) showed higher conductivity than the film deposited at room temperature.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Inherited Metabolic disease
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.150-155
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• 2014

The measurement of $17{\alpha}$-hydroxyprogesterone ($17{\alpha}$-OHP) in a dried blood spot on filter paper is an important for screening of congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH). Since high levels of $17{\alpha}$-OHP are frequently observed in premature infants without congenital adrenal hyperplasia, we evaluated cuts-off based on birth weight and performed validation. Birth weight and $17{\alpha}$-OHP concentration data of 292,204 newborn screening subjects in Greencross labopratories were analyzed. The cut-off values based on birth weight were newly evaluated and validated with the original data. The mean $17{\alpha}$-OHP concentration were 7.25 ng/mL in very low birth weight (VLBW) group, 4.02 ng/mL in low birth weight (LBW) group, 2.53 g/mL in normal birth weight (NBW) group, and 2.24 ng/mL in heavy birth weight (HBW) group. The cut-offs for CAH were decided as follows: 21.12 ng/mL for VLBW and LBW groups and 11.14 ng/mL for NBW and HBW groups. When applied new cut-offs for original data, positive rates in VLBW and LBW groups were decreased and positive rates in NBW and HBW groups were increased. The cut-offs based on birth weight should be used in the screening for CAH. We believe that our new cut-off reduce the false positive rate and false negative rate and our experience for cut-off set up and validation will be helpful for other laboratories doing newborn screening test.