• Title/Summary/Keyword: low NOx

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Combustion Characteristics and Exhaust Emissions in Spark-ignition Engine Using Gasoline-ammonia (가솔린 엔진에서 가솔린-암모니아 혼합 연료의 연소 및 배기 특성)

  • Ryu, Kyunghyun
    • Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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    • v.21 no.6
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    • pp.155-165
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    • 2013
  • The effect of gaseous ammonia direct injection on the engine performance and exhaust emissions in gasoline-ammonia dual fueled spark-ignition engine was investigated in this study. Results show that based on the gasoline contribution engine power increases as the ammonia injection timing and duration is advanced and increased, respectively. However, as the initial amount of gasoline is increased the maximum power output contribution from ammonia is reduced. For gasoline-ammonia, the appropriate injection timing is found to range from 320 BTDC at low loads to 370 BTDC at high loads and the peak pressures are slightly lower than that for gasoline due to the slow flame speed of ammonia, resulting in the reduction of combustion efficiency. The brake specific energy consumption (BSEC) for gasoline-ammonia has little difference compared to the BSEC for gasoline only. Ammonia direct injection causes slight reduction of $CO_2$ and CO for all presented loads but significantly increases HC due to the low combustion efficiency of ammonia. Also, ammonia direct injection results in both increased ammonia and NOx in the exhaust due to formation of fuel NOx and ammonia slip.

Numerical Study on Strategy of Applying Low Pressure Loop EGR for a Heavy Duty Diesel Engine to Meet EURO-4 Regulation (저압라인 EGR을 적용한 대형 디젤엔진의 EURO-4 규제 대응 전략에 관한 수치적 연구)

  • Ha Changhyun;Lee Seungjae;Lee Kyoseung;Chun Kwangmin
    • Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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    • v.14 no.1
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    • pp.115-122
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    • 2006
  • EGR system has been widely used to reduce NOx emission in light duty diesel engines, but its application to heavy duty diesel engine is not common yet. In this study, simulation model for EURO-3 engine was developed using commercial code WAVE and then verified by comparison with experimental results in performance and emission. Possibility to meet EURO-4 regulation using modified EURO-3 engine with LPL EGR system was studied. Each components of the engine was modeled using CATIA and WaveMesher. The engine test mode was ESC 13 and injection timing and quantity were changed to compensate engine performances, because applying EGR causes power reduction. As a results of the simulation, it was found that EURO-4 NOx regulation could be achieved by applying LPL EGR system to current EURO-3 engine even with some BSFC deterioration.

Improvement of Fuel Economy in a Diesel Engine by Application of Low Pressure EGR System (디젤 엔진의 연비 향상을 위한 저압 배기재순환 시스템의 적용에 관한 연구)

  • Kim, Yongrae;Lee, Yonggyu
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers
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    • v.19 no.2
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    • pp.81-87
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    • 2015
  • LP(low pressure)-EGR system was investigated to evaluate its potential on fuel economy improvement and NOx emission reduction in a diesel engine. A diesel engine was tested for the evaluation of LP-EGR system at both of steady-state and transient test. For a transient test, control logic for LP-EGR valve operation was developed and a NEDC mode test was conducted by using a vehicle status simulation test. The steady-state results showed that LP-EGR system can reduce more NOx emission or fuel consumption comparing to the conventional HP(high pressure)-EGR. From the NEDC mode test, this LP-EGR system showed a possibility to improve fuel economy without a penalty of emissions.

Study on the Combustion Characteristics of a Lean-Premixed Combustor (예혼합 희박 연소기의 연소특성에 관한 연구)

  • Kim, Han-Seok;Lim, Am-Ho;Ann, Kuk-Young;Lee, Sang-Min
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Combustion
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    • v.9 no.1
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    • pp.25-31
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    • 2004
  • Various types of the air/fuel pre-mixer have been designed and tested to investigate the combustion characteristics of the lean-premixed gas turbine combustor, such as NO emission and flame stability. One type of the pre-mixers has been selected and installed to a 70 kW lean-premixed gas turbine combustor. The concentrations of CO and NO were measured with varying equivalence ratios in the combustion chamber at ambient pressure. The result shows that the emissions of CO and NO are heavily affected by the shape of the pre-mixer. The NO and CO emissions decreased, as the mixing ratio of air and fuel increased. In addition, the NO emission of the lean-premixed low NOx combustor is more dependent on the equivalence ratio than that of the conventional combustor.

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Combustion Performance Test of Syngas Gas in a Model Gas Turbine Combustor - Part 2 : NOx/CO emission Characteristics, Temperature Characteristics and Flame Structures (모델 가스터빈 연소기에서 합성가스 연소성능시험 - Part 2 : NOx/CO 배출특성, 온도특성, 화염구조)

  • Lee, Min Chul;Yoon, Jisu;Joo, Seong Pil;Yoon, Youngbin
    • Journal of the Korean Society for Aeronautical & Space Sciences
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    • v.41 no.8
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    • pp.639-648
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    • 2013
  • This paper describes on the NOx/CO emission characteristics, temperature characteristics and flame structures when firing coal derived synthetic gas especially for gases of Buggenum and Taean IGCC. These combustion characteristics were observed by conducting ambient-pressure elevated-temperature combustion tests in GE7EA model combustor when varying heat input and nitrogen dilution ratio. Nitrogen addition caused decrement in adiabatic flame temperature, thus resulting in the NOx reduction. At low heat input condition, nitrogen dilution raised the CO emission dramatically due to incomplete combustion. These NOx reduction and CO arising phenomena were observed at certain flame temperature of $1500^{\circ}C$ and $1250^{\circ}C$, respectively. As increasing nitrogen dilution, adiabatic flame temperature and combustor liner temperature were decreased and singular points were detected due to change in flame structure such as flame lifting. From the results, the effect of nitrogen dilution on the NOx/CO and flame structure was examined, and the test data will be utilized as a reference to achieve optimal operating condition of the Taean IGCC demonstration plant.

Effect of EGR on power and exhaust emissions in diesel engine (디젤엔진의 출력 및 배기가스에 미치는 EGR의 영향)

  • Song, Kyu-keun
    • Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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    • v.39 no.9
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    • pp.870-875
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    • 2015
  • Diesel engines are widely used due to superior power and fuel consumption, however there are many challenges in exhaust gas management. Exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) is the most effective technique for reducing mono-nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions in a diesel engine, in comparison with other catalytic technologies. In addition, the technology has a number of advantages in terms of economic efficiency and implementation. In this study, the effects on the power and exhaust characteristics of diesel engines equipped with EGR systems were investigated. It was found that as the EGR rate increased, horsepower expressed as IHP and BHP decreased. The net effect of the application of EGR was measured at various engine speeds. EGR technology caused decreases in BHP of around 9% during low engine speed and 3.5% during high engine speed. Additionally, NOx emissions reduced as the EGR rate increased, and increased as engine speed increased. However, smoke emissions increased as the EGR rate increased, and decreased as engine speed increased. The optimum operating conditions and ERG rate to simultaneously achieve minimum NOx and smoke emissions were investigate. It was found that as the EGR rate increased, optimal operating speed for minimal NOx and smoke also increased. Keywords: Diesel engine, Exhaust gas recirculation, Power perfomance, Emission characteristics, NOx, Smoke

A Study on Emission Reductions of Diesel Engine Using Plasmatron Fuel Converter (플라즈마트론을 이용한 디젤 엔진의 매연저감에 관한 연구)

  • Ki, Ho-Beom;Kim, Bong-Soo;Kwak, Yong-Hwan;Kim, Woo-Hyung;Lim, Won-Kyung;Chae, Jae-Ou
    • 한국연소학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 2006.10a
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    • pp.104-109
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    • 2006
  • Improvements in internal combustion engine and aftertreatment technologies are needed to meet future environmental quality goals. Plasmatron fuel converters provide a rapid response, compact means to transform a wide range of hydrocarbon fuels (including gasoline, natural gas and diesel fuel) into hydrogen-rich gas. Hydrogen-rich gas can be used as an additive to provide NOx reductions of more than 80% in diesel engine vehicles by enabling very lean operation or heavy exhaust engine recirculation. For diesel engines, use of compact plasmatron reformers to produce hydrogen-rich gas for the regeneration of NOx absorber/absorbers and particulate traps for diesel engine exhaust after-treatment could provide significant advantages. Recent tests of conversion of diesel fuel to hydrogen-rich gas using a low current plasmatron fuel converter with non-equilibrium plasma features are described.

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MILD Combustion Technology for Recycled Fuel (재생연료의 MILD연소기술)

  • Shim, Sung Hoon;Jeong, Sang Hyun;Lee, Sang Sup
    • 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 2010.06a
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    • pp.205.2-205.2
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    • 2010
  • Optimum operation conditions of low-NOx MILD combustion for gaseous and solid fuels have been investigated by experimental and computer simulation. Loop reactor type MILD combustor without air pre-heater has been used in the present work. The results show that the balance of injection velocities of fuel and surrounding air is major factor for maintaining MILD combustion mode. Temperature difference between lower and upper part can be reduced less than 20 degree of Celsius. It was found that NOx emission in MILD combustion also can be remarkably reduced to more than 85% in comparison with conventional premixed combustion, and reduced to more than 50% in case of nitrogen and carbon dioxide carrying dried waste water sludge and pulverized coal in comparison with the same of air carrying. It was also found that carbon monoxide emission increase was not appeared at the time of changeover to MILD combustion mode from premixed or air carrying combustion at optimum operation condition.

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Combustion Characteristics of Premixed Combustor using Nickel Based Metal Foam (니켈합금 Metal Foam을 적용한 예혼합 버너의 연소특성)

  • Lee, Pil Hyong;Hwang, Sang Soon;Kim, Jong Kwang
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Combustion
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    • v.22 no.2
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    • pp.42-49
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    • 2017
  • A premixed combustion has many advantages including low NOx and CO emission, high thermal efficiency and a small volume of combustor. This study focused on combustion characteristics in a premixed combustion burner using the nickel based metal foam. The results show that the blue flame is found to be very stable at heating load 6,300-25,200 kcal/h by implementing the proper nickel based metal foam and baffle plate. The premixed flame mode is changed into green flame, red flame, blue flame and lift off flame with decreasing equivalence ratio. NOx emission was measured 80 ppm(0% oxygen base) from 0.710 to 0.810 of equivalence ratio and CO emission is 90 ppm(0% oxygen base) under the same equivalence ratio. It is also found that the stable blue flame region in flame stability curve becomes wider with increasing the heat load.

Experimental Study on Combustion Characteristics of Porous Ceramic Liquid Fuel Combustor (다공 세라믹 액체 연료 연소기의 연소 특성에 관한 실험적 연구)

  • Chung, K.H.;Lim, I.G.
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Combustion
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    • v.4 no.1
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    • pp.85-93
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    • 1999
  • Experimental study on a porous ceramic liquid fuel combustor is performed. Compact burner with low pollutant emission and high combustion efficiency is realized through the use of porous ceramic materials of high porosities. The use of porous ceramic materials in burner material results in rapid vaporization of liquid fuel and enhancement in mixing process, and thus nearly premixed combustion of liquid fuel is achieved instead of diffusion and partially premixed combustion method, which is often used and apt to produce high pollutant emissions such as CO, NOx and soot. With this enhanced vaporization and premixing method of liquid fuel vapor and air, it is found that enhanced combustion process with intense radiation output and better emission characteristics in NOx, CO and soot emission, compared to other conventional liquid fuel burning method, are possible.

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