• Korean Journal of Materials Research
• /
• v.21 no.4
• /
• pp.196-201
• /
• 2011

It is known that the relative dielectric constant of insulating polyethylene matrix composites with conducting materials (such as carbon black and metal powder) increases as the conducting material content increases below the percolation threshold. Below the percolation threshold, dielectric properties show an ohmic behavior and their value is almost the same as that of the matrix. The change is very small, but its origin is not clear. In this paper, the dielectric properties of carbon black-filled polyethylene matrix composites are studied based on the effect medium approximation theory. Although there is a significant amount of literature on the calculation based on the theory of changing the parameters, an overall discussion taking into account the theory is required in order to explain the dielectric properties of the composites. Changes of dielectric properties and the temperature dependence of dielectric properties of the composites made of carbon particle and polyethylene below the percolation threshold for the volume fraction of carbon black have been discussed based on the theory. Above the percolation threshold, the composites are satisfied with the universal law of conductivity, whereas below the percolation threshold, they give the critical exponent of s = 1 for dielectric constant. The rate at which the percentages of both the dielectric constant and the dielectric loss factor for temperature increases with more volume fraction below the percolation threshold.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
• /
• 2008.05a
• /
• pp.1828-1832
• /
• 2008

우수 관거 시스템에서 흐름은 중력에 의해서 흐르고 개수로 흐름과 같이 처리된다. 그러나 유입유량이 관거의 만관 상태를 초과하거나 하류 흐름의 제한 때문에 발생하는 역류의 영향을 받는다면, 우수 관거 시스템은 과부하(surcharge) 상태의 압력흐름이 된다. 개수로 상태에서 맨홀에서의 수두 손실은 일반적으로 무시되지만, 과부하 맨홀에서의 수두손실은 중요하며, 우수 관거 시스템의 전체 손실에 중요한 부분을 차지하게 된다. 이러한 현상은 여러 개의 맨홀을 가지는 우수 관거 시스템에서 특히 중요한 사항이 된다. 현재 계획 또는 설계단계에서 수행되고 있는 관거 시설의 수리계산에서는 연결관의 마찰손실만을 감안하여 수행하고 있으며, 맨홀에서의 수두손실은 고려되지 않는 실정이다. 본 연구에서는 일반적으로 3차원 유체거동의 특성분석에 많이 사용되는 Fluent 모형을 이용하여 과부하 원형 맨홀에서의 흐름특성을 수치모의 하였으며, 맨홀내 손실수두의 변화를 계산하여 손실계수를 산정하였다. 계산된 손실계수는 수리모형 실험을 통하여 산정된 손실계수와 비교하였다. 수치 모형에 의해서 산정된 손실계수 값이 수리모형 실험에 의해서 산정된 손실계수 값보다 약간 크게 산정되었다. 앞으로 난류 모형의 매개 변수들의 조정을 통한 정확한 수치모의 연구가 필요하다고 판단된다.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
• /
• v.14 no.2
• /
• pp.5-15
• /
• 1995

An application of the cross correlation technique by adopting ultrasonic waves for water pipe flow measuring purpose is studied. It is a non-intrusive flow metering method by determining the time of the flight of the flow turbulent noise and its non-obstructing mechanism enables to reduce process energy loss due to the flowmeter obstruction. A digital signal processor for the purpose of the real time Fourier transform was employed for the fast time calculation of the flow velocity. The overall accuracy was found as about $1\%$ for flow velocities from 0.25 m/s up to 16 m/s and for the pipe inside diameters from 50mm to 248mm. The cross correlation technique can be used for the tap water utility including most common liquid flows.

• The KSFM Journal of Fluid Machinery
• /
• v.14 no.2
• /
• pp.5-10
• /
• 2011

The purpose of this study is to develop a software for the performance evaluation and blade design of a pitch-controlled HAWT using BEMT(Blade Element Momentum Theory) with Prandtl's tip loss. The HERACLES V2.0 software consist of three major part ; basic blade design, aerodynamic coefficient mapping and performance calculation including stall or pitch control option. A 1MW wind turbine blade was designed at the rated wind speed(12m/s) composing five different airfoils such as FFA-W-301, DU91-W250, DU93-W-210, NACA 63418 and NACA 63415 from hub to tip. The mechanical power predicted by BEMT at the rated wind speed is about 1.27MW. Also, CFD analysis was performed to confirm the validity of the BEMT results. The comparison results show good agreement about the error of 6.5% in rated mechanical power.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
• /
• v.7 no.3
• /
• pp.395-402
• /
• 2003

The capacity of a CDMA cellular system is determined by the amount of interference, therefore the exact estimation of interference is important to evaluate the system performance. In this paper, we propose an approximated equation which calculates reverse link other cell interference in the CDMA cellular systems. The equation using Riemann-Zeta function has a property that it is useful in case of any radio propagation loss exponents. And we compare calculation results with simulation results in other to verify it's usefulness. The upper bound of system capacity calculated with the proposed approximated equation gives almost alike result with the simulation. The proposed interference bound is useful to calculate system capacity and to evaluate some algorithm in a hierarchical cellular system which must be considered various propagation exponents.

• Journal of Power Electronics
• /
• v.17 no.1
• /
• pp.96-105
• /
• 2017

In this paper, a hybrid modular multilevel converter (MMC) topology with an improved nearest level modulation method is proposed for medium-voltage high-power applications. The arm of the proposed topology contains N series connected half-bridge submodules (HBSMs), one full-bridge submodule (FBSM) and an inductor. By exploiting the FBSM, half-level voltages are obtained in the arm voltages. Therefore, an output voltage with a 2N+1 level number can be generated. Moreover, the total level number of the inserted submodules (SMs) is a constant. Thus, there is no pulse voltage across the arm inductors, and the SM capacitor voltage is rated. With the proposed voltage balancing method, the capacitor voltage of the HBSM is twice the voltage of the FBSM, and each IGBT of the FBSM has a relatively low switching frequency and an equalized conduction loss. The capacitor voltage balancing methods of the two kinds of SMs are implemented independently. As a result, the switching frequency of the HBSM is not increased compared to the conventional MMC. In addition, according to a theoretical calculation of the total harmonic distortion of the electromotive force (EMF), the voltage quality with the presented method can be significantly enhanced when the SM number is relatively small. Simulation and experimental results obtained with a MMC-based inverter verify the validity of the developed method.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute Of Construction Engineering and Management
• /
• 2004.11a
• /
• pp.394-397
• /
• 2004

Working-day calculation with weather factors of construction-site has estimated wethout proper data. They usually estimate it with their own experience and intuition. It causes not only economic loss to time-adjustment but also conflict with each participants. Moreover, weather estimation becomes worse than before, due to tendency of recently weather change. So, in this paper we present optimal estimation method as assessment by period of the arithmetical mean methods. For that, we analyse characteristic of the regions and weather change of temperature and rainfall which affects time.

• 유체기계공업학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 2000.12a
• /
• pp.259-264
• /
• 2000

The functions of the plug valve are the control of flow rate as well closing and opening pipe lines. Analyses on the flow characteristics in plug valve port are required to improve the performance and safety at severe operating conditions such as high-pressure and high-temperature. In this study, numerical analyses are carried out with varying the opening rate (fraction of the full open to close) of the valve and the shapes of valve Uk: straight, convex, concave and mixed shapes. The parameters influencing the flow characteristics in the valve are the discharge coefficient( $C_v$) and the resistance coefficient( K). Therefore, the distributions of static pressure, velocity vector and stream lines are investigated, and $C_v$ and K are calculated in each opening rate and shape. In case of full open, the static pressure passed through the valve port has almost been recovered. However, in case of other opening rates, the pressure does not permanently regained due to pressure drop leading to loss. This phenomenon in each shape of the valve shows the different behaviors. Calculation results show that the mixed shape has the best flow attribute.

• 유체기계공업학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 2000.12a
• /
• pp.345-350
• /
• 2000

The heat produced by the fission in the fuel of HANARO, 30 MW research reactor, is transferred from the primary cooling water to the secondary cooling water through heat exchangers, and the heat absorbed by the secondary cooling water is released into the atmosphere by the 33 MW cooling tower which is a mechanical induced draft and counter flow type. If the outlet temperature of cooling tower exceeds 33 of due to the loss of the cooling tower performance under reactor operation above $50\%$ of the full power, the reactor power should be reduced to half of the full power for safe operation. Therefore, the cooling capability of cooling tower should be maintained for the reactor to be normally operated. To predict the capability of cooling tower for full power reactor operation of 30 MW, the performance test of cooling tower was done at the reactor present power of 24 MW and the capability was respectively evaluated by characteristics and performance curves methods in accordance with the Code of Cooling Tower Institute of U.S.A. to confirm the reliability of evaluation. As a result, it was confirmed, through the results of each evaluation, that the cooling capability of cooling tower meets the design required heat load. Also, the equations of the performance and the characteristics curves of the cooling tower, based on the collected data during this performance test, was obtained for developing the calculation program to predict the cooling capability during reactor operation.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
• /
• v.20 no.10
• /
• pp.3251-3261
• /
• 1996

Flows were measured in an unshrouded centrifugal impeller. By using a single slanted hot-wire probe and a Kiel probe mounted on the impeller hub disk, the 3-D relative velocities and the rotary stagnation pressures were measured in seven circumferential planes between the inlet and outlet of the impeller rotating at 700 rpm, which diameter is 0.39 meter, and the static pressures and the slip factor at the impeller outlet were estimated from the measured values. Measurements were made for three flow rates corresponding to zero incidence and two others with the greater and the smaller one than zero. From the measured data in these flow rates, the followings were investigated in the impeller passage, the variation of the primary and secondary flows, the leakage flows, the wake's position and its size, the static pressure rise and the loss production mechanism. Furthermore the static pressure and the slip factor were compared with the results of inviscid Quasi-3D calculation.