• 한국태양에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국태양에너지학회 2009년도 추계학술발표대회 논문집
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• pp.32-37
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• 2009

An energy loss through the window system occupies about 10 to 30 percent on energy consumption of the whole building. That is the reason, several elements for a building composition of window system are the weakest from the heat. Insulation performance increases for the reducing heat loss. Heat transfer through the window system that is reducing heat transfer through conduction, convection and radiation. Insulation performance reinforcement methods classify improving heat specific quality of window system and improving efficiency of whole window system. The most application method among each methods is reducing emission ratio of the window system(Low-E glass), increasing a number of glazing(multiple window) and a method of vacuuming between glazing and glazing. Therefore this study is investigated a sort of glazing and specific character, U-value calculation with changing glazing thickness and calculation of temperature distribution and U-value with a glazing charging gas kind from double glazing. For a conclusion, an aspect of U-value figure at the smallest value case of vacuum glazing with Low-E coating. That means insulation efficiency is the best advantage during a building plan selecting vacuum glazing with Low-E coating for a energy saving aspect. In this way, U-value become different the number of glazing, coating whether or not and selecting injection gas. Therefore selecting of glazing is very important after due consideration by a characteristic and use of building and consideration of strong point and weak point.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.43-55
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• 2023

The railway project is an essential green transportation tool that is considered suitable for the domestic and foreign policy direction of carbon neutrality, but there are some limitations, such as damaging important carbon absorption sources during construction. This study analyzed the environmental impact assessment related to carbon absorption sources of greenhouse gas evaluation items conducted during the railway project, and limitations and implications were derived. The analysis of environmental impact assessment guidelines related to railway projects and carbon absorption sources dealt with prediction and reduction methods related to carbon absorption sources, but guidelines, including environmentally friendly railway construction guidelines, lacked descriptions. Since the greenhouse gas environmental impact assessment, 83 railway project environmental impact assessments have been reviewed, but in some cases, carbon absorption-related predictions have not been implemented, or carbon absorption-related reduction measures have been insufficient. In addition, there were cases where there was a limit to calculating emissions and reduction or where the reduction value was insignificant compared to emissions. In order to supplement the environmental impact assessment in the field of carbon absorption sources related to railway construction projects, alternatives such as quantitative emission and low reduction calculation, review of the no net loss system using the total environmental resource system, and linkage with climate change impact assessment are needed.

• 생물환경조절학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.100-105
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• 2015

온실의 난방부하 중 틈새환기전열부하 산정방법은 설계 기준마다 제각각이고, 온실의 규모에 따라 각각의 방법에는 큰 차이가 있으므로 보다 정확히 국내에 적용할 수 있는 방법을 정립할 필요가 있다. 본 연구에서는 원예시설의 환경설계 중 난방부하 산정방법 정립에 필요한 기초자료를 제공할 목적으로 다양한 종류의 보온커튼을 설치한 단동 및 연동 플라스틱 온실에서 추적가스법을 이용하여 틈새환기율을 실측하였으며, 온실의 틈새환기 전열부하 산정방법을 검토하였다. 연동온실의 틈새환기율은 $0.042{\sim}0.245h^{-1}$의 범위로 측정되었으며 단동온실의 틈새환기율은 $0.056{\sim}0.336h^{-1}$의 범위로 측정되어 단동온실이 약간 큰 것으로 나타났다. 온실의 틈새환기율은 단동, 연동 구분없이 보온커튼의 층수에 따라 크게 감소하는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 틈새환기율은 온실의 실내외 기온차가 커질수록 증가하는 경향을 보였으나, 실험기간 동안의 낮은 풍속 범위에서 외부 풍속에 따른 틈새환기율의 변화는 일정한 경향을 찾을 수 없었다. 온실의 난방설계를 위한 틈새환기율은 적정 실내외 기온차에서의 값을 제시할 필요가 있고, 최대난방부하 산정의 기준이 되는 낮은 풍속 범위에서 풍속에 따른 틈새환기율의 변화는 고려하지 않아도 되는 것으로 고찰되었다. 다만 강풍지역에서는 열관류율을 포함하여 최대난방부하를 약간 증가시키는 보정계수의 적용이 필요할 것으로 판단되었다. 온실의 틈새환기전열부하 산정방법을 검토한 결과 틈새환기전열계수와 온실의 피복면적을 이용하는 방법은 문제가 있는 것으로 나타났으며, 틈새환기율과 온실의 체적을 이용하는 방법이 합리적인 것으로 판단되었다.

• 터널과지하공간
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.132-145
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• 2017

과거 도로터널 환기에 있어서 충격 손실은 설계에 반영되지 않았지만, 터널 내 네트워크형 구조로 인해 분기 합류부가 존재하는 복층 도로터널에서는 충격 손실에 의한 압력 손실이 크게 발생할 것이다. 이에 본 연구에서는 네트워크형 구조를 가지는 복층 도로터널 최적 환기 설계를 위하여 분기 합류 지점에서 발생하는 충격 손실에 대한 3D 전산유체역학(CFD) 수치해석 연구를 수행한다. 이를 위해 복층 도로터널 표준단면을 적용한 실제 스케일 모델을 활용하여 전산 유체 역학을 수행하였고 다양한 각도와 차도폭에 대한 충격 손실 계수를 도출하여 기존의 설계 값과 비교 분석하였다. 연구 결과, 분기 구간에서는 30도의 분류 각도를 가진 모델의 충격 손실 계수가 높게 측정되었고, 합류 구간에서는 2차선으로 설계된 모델의 충격 손실 계수가 낮게 측정됨을 확인할 수 있었다. 따라서 분기 합류 각도와 차도폭이 충격 손실 산정에 있어서 중요한 설계 요소가 될 수 있으므로 환기기 용량 산정에 있어서 정확한 설계 인자를 제시할 것으로 판단된다. 본 연구는 3D 전산유체역학(CFD)를 활용하여 확폭 교차 유 무에 따른 분기 합류 지점에서의 충격 손실 계수를 도출하고, ASHRAE 설계 값과 결과를 비교 분석하였다. 확폭 구간이 반영되지 않은 모델은 ASHRAE 값에 비해 최대 3배의 충격 손실 값을 확인하였고, 확폭 구간이 반영된 모델은 최대 2배의 값을 확인할 수 있었다.

• 한국정보전자통신기술학회논문지
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• 제12권5호
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• pp.499-506
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• 2019

본 논문은 SiC Hybrid module를 적용한 7kW 인버터의 동작 안정성에 관한 것으로 손실 방정식과 시뮬레이션 결과를 비교하여 시뮬레이션 결과의 유효성을 검증하였으며, 시뮬레이션을 통해 Si module과 SiC Hybrid module의 스위치 손실과 다이오드 손실을 비교하였다. 손실 방정식 계산을 통하여 SiC Hybrid module의 도통 손실은 168W, 스위칭 손실은 9.3W, 다이오드 손실은 10.5nW의 결과를 나타내었으며, 시뮬레이션 결과와 비교하였을 때 유사한 값을 나타내었다. 이를 바탕으로 Si module과 SiC Hybrid module의 시뮬레이션 결과 값 비교 결과, Si module의 총 소자 손실값은 246.2W, SiC Hybrid module의 총 소자 손실 값은 189.9W를 나타내었으며, 손실 차이 값은 56.3W로써 약 0.8W의 효율 차이를 보였다. 이로 인하여 SiC SBD의 Reverse recovery 특성을 검증하였다. 또한 고온 포화상태에서 SiC Hybrid module 및 Si module의 안정성을 확인하기 위하여 온도 포화 테스트를 진행하였으며, Si module의 경우, 출력전력 4kW에서 동작을 멈추었고, SiC Hybrid module은 7kW까지 동작을 확인하였다. 이를 바탕으로, 효율 그래프와 온도 그래프를 제시하였으며, Si module은 4kW까지, SiC Hybrid module은 7kW까지 그래프로 나타내었다.

• 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국작물학회 2017년도 9th Asian Crop Science Association conference
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• pp.316-316
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• 2017

The objective of this study is to estimate quantitatively soil salinity and soil loss at upland soils in agriculture land region in Saemangeum reclaimed land on the south Korea coasts. Soil loss and soil salinity are the most critical problem at reclaimed tidal saline soil in Korea. The several thematic maps of research area such as land cover map, topographic and soil maps, together with tabular precipitation data used for soil erosion and soil salinity calculation. Meteorological data were measured directly as air temperature, wind speed, solar radiation, and precipitation. The experiment was conducted 2% sloped lysimeter ($5.0m{\times}20.0m$) with 14 treatments and it were separated by low salinity division (LSD) and high salinity division (HSD) install. The cation content in ground water increased during time course, but in the case of land surface water the content was variable, and $K^+$ was lower than that of $Na^+$ and $Mg^{2+}$. At the LSD under rainproof condition, the salinity was directly proportional to soil water content, but at the HSD the tendency was no reversed. In condition of rainproof, the amount of soil salinity was higher at the HSD than at the LSD. Positive correlation was obtained between the soil water content and available phosphorous content at the rainfall division, but there was no significance at the surface soil of the rainproof division. Sodium adsorption ratio and anion contents in soil were repressed in the order of vinyl-mulching > non-mulching > bare field. According to the result of analyzing soil loss, soil loss occurred in a vinyl-mulching, a non-mulching and a bare field in size order, and also approximately 11.2 ton/ha soil loss happened on the reclaimed land area. The average soil loss amount by the unit area takes place in a non-mulching and bare field a lot. Our results indicate that soluble salt control and soil erosion are critical at reclaimed tidal saline soil and the results can provide some useful information for deciding management plans to reduce soil loss and salt damage for stable crop production and diverse utilization or cultivation could be one of the management options to alleviate salt damage at reclaimed tidal saline soil in Korea.

• 한국철도학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국철도학회 2011년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.98-100
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• 2011

High speed Train Systems are the energy supplied system via the pantograph through which the voltage and the current supplied by the catenary wire flow. The arc discharges generate owing to the contact loss between the catenary and the pantograph, and the electromagnetic fields radiate. There are many different phenomena between the static charges and the moving charges in view of the radiated electromagnetic fields. To calculate the electromagnetic filed about the moving charges, it is necessary to adapt Lorentz transformation. Actually, the particle which moves near the speed of light has the relativisitic phenomena. In addition, it is necessary to predict the electromagnetic field because the radiated electromagnetic field takes effect on the near electronic devices and the human beings. In this paper, we model the arc discharge into the dipole antenna model, adapt Lorentz transformation to the case that the electric railway cars move, and calculate the radiated electromagnetic field. By the calculation, we take the basis upon the electromagnetic prediction, and apply to the future research.

• International Journal of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.71-82
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• 2020

Traffic accidents due to excessive speed frequently occur in places where traffic signal controllers are installed, places where sharp curves exist, or places where the traffic signal cycle does not match the current time. These traffic accidents cause economic loss due to the destruction of road facilities and structures, and cause a big problem of increasing the number of traffic accident deaths. When a traffic accident occurs, leaving a tire mark before or after a car crash, pre-collision speed of the car is calculated using the law of conservation of momentum or the skid mark formula. In the skip skid mark generated in ABS brake vehicles and the combshaped yaw mark generated by tire trace caused by lateral sliding, there is a difference of 30-40% in the reliability of the vehicle speed calculated by the smite mark. In this paper, we propose an algorithm that can improve the calculation reliability in vehicle speed by using skid marks in order to compensate for this problem. In addition, we present an intelligent speed calculation algorithm for traffic safety and a computer simulation in order to prevent traffic accidents by estimating the speed of a vehicle, using Skid marks, Yaw marks, and ABS brake characteristics and fuzzy rules.

• 조명전기설비학회논문지
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• 제27권10호
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• pp.30-40
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• 2013

In this study the method based on flux linkage in cell was introduced in calculation of eddy currents by cell method. According to this method eddy current distribution and the loss can be evaluated and since the shielding effectiveness by flux cancelation of eddy current can be analyzed, this method is applicable to design of conductive shield. And also the formula of shielding factor were so deduced as to be applicable to finite-width infinite-length shielding sheets and infinite-length underground cable shield. These formula are adaptable to magnetic materials as well as conductive materials. As the results of calculation in model shields are follows. In case of finite-width infinite-length shielding sheet, shielding effectiveness increases with increasing of conductivity. In case of infinite-length underground cable shield, the effectiveness become higher with increasing of permeability. Especially the effectiveness is very high in materials with both high conductivity and permeability in underground cable shield.

• 대한전기학회논문지:전력기술부문A
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• 제55권8호
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• pp.341-350
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• 2006

This paper presents a new methodology to draw the components of locational marginal price (LMP) in electricity market. Recently, the changing environments surrounding electricity industries resulted in the unbundled services provided by electricity market players, which may require the new pricing mechanisms based on the LMP. The changed pricing mechanisms will provide the price signals of time and location to the market participants. Most of the existing studies of LMP are based on the Lagrangian multipliers as shadow prices to evaluate the equivalent values of constraints or factors for security, reliability and quality. However, the shadow prices cannot provide enough information for components of LMP. In this paper, therefore, we proposed a new approach that LMP is divided into three components. To do this, we first present the method for shadow prices calculation and then break down LMP into a variety of parts corresponding to the concerned factors. The proposed approach is applied to 5-bus and modified IEEE 14-bus sample system in order to verify its validity.