• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.187-197
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• 2014

Purpose: We aimed to analyze the treatment outcome and long-term toxicity of 70 Gy hypofractionated intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) for localized prostate cancer using a customized rectal balloon. Materials and Methods: We reviewed medical records of 86 prostate cancer patients who received curative radiotherapy between January 2004 and December 2011 at our institution. Patients were designated as low (12.8%), intermediate (20.9%), or high risk (66.3%). Thirty patients received a total dose of 70 Gy in 28 fractions over 5 weeks via IMRT (the Hypo-IMRT group); 56 received 70.2 Gy in 39 fractions over 7 weeks via 3-dimensional conformal radiotherapy (the CF-3DRT group, which served as a reference for comparison). A customized rectal balloon was placed in Hypo-IMRT group throughout the entire radiotherapy course. Androgen deprivation therapy was administered to 47 patients (Hypo-IMRT group, 17; CF-3DRT group, 30). Late genitourinary (GU) and gastrointestinal (GI) toxicity were evaluated according to the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group criteria. Results: The median follow-up period was 74.4 months (range, 18.8 to 125.9 months). The 5-year actuarial biochemical relapse-free survival rates for low-, intermediate-, and high-risk patients were 100%, 100%, and 88.5%, respectively, for the Hypo-IMRT group and 80%, 77.8%, and 63.6%, respectively, for the CF-3DRT group (p < 0.046). No patient presented with acute or late GU toxicity ${\geq}$grade 3. Late grade 3 GI toxicity occurred in 2 patients (3.6%) in the CF-3DRT group and 1 patient (3.3%) in the Hypo-IMRT group. Conclusion: Hypo-IMRT with a customized rectal balloon resulted in excellent biochemical control rates with minimal toxicity in localized prostate cancer patients.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.199-205
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• 2013

Purpose: To assess the clinical efficacy and toxicity of whole pelvic intensity-modulated radiotherapy (WP-IMRT) for high-risk prostate cancer. Materials and Methods: Patients with high-risk prostate cancer treated between 2008 and 2013 were reviewed. The study included patients who had undergone WP-IMRT with image guidance using electronic portal imaging devices and/or cone-beam computed tomography. The endorectal balloon was used in 93% of patients. Patients received either 46 Gy to the whole pelvis plus a boost of up to 76 Gy to the prostate in 2 Gy daily fractions, or 44 Gy to the whole pelvis plus a boost of up to 72.6 Gy to the prostate in 2.2 Gy fractions. Results: The study cohort included 70 patients, of whom 55 (78%) had a Gleason score of 8 to 10 and 50 (71%) had a prostate-specific antigen level > 20 ng/mL. The androgen deprivation therapy was combined in 62 patients. The biochemical failure-free survival rate was 86.7% at 2 years. Acute any grade gastrointestinal (GI) and genitourinary (GU) toxicity rates were 47% and 73%, respectively. The actuarial rate of late grade 2 or worse toxicity at 2 years was 12.9% for GI, and 5.7% for GU with no late grade 4 toxicity. Conclusion: WP-IMRT was well tolerated with no severe acute or late toxicities, resulting in at least similar biochemical control to that of the historic control group with a small field. The long-term efficacy and toxicity will be assessed in the future, and a prospective randomized trial is needed to verify these findings.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.45 no.2
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• pp.203-214
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• 2018

Root resorption of the permanent maxillary incisors can occur due to ectopic eruption of the permanent canines. Severe root resorption threatens the long-term survival of the affected incisors. The aim of the present study was to identify risk factors for root resorption of the maxillary incisors associated with impacted maxillary canines. In the present study, we retrospectively analyzed the Cone-Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) scans of 65 children and adolescents with ectopically erupting maxillary canines (total of 88 impacted canines). Root resorption of central incisors was significantly associated with the mesiodistal position and root development of the adjacent canine. Root resorption of lateral incisors was significantly associated with sex, age, and the buccolingual and vertical position of the adjacent canine. However, enlargement of the dental follicle was not significantly associated with root resorption of adjacent incisors. Although incisor resorption is difficult to diagnose and predict, our findings suggest that changes in the dental follicles of the erupting maxillary canines do not cause resorption of the adjacent permanent incisors. CBCT should be utilized to ensure early diagnosis of impacted canines and precise evaluation of incisor root resorption.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.47 no.2
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• pp.272-278
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• 1999

The primary lymphoma in the lung is very rare. Moot of the primary pulmonary lymphomas, which represent 3-4 % of extra-nodal lymphomas, are low-grade B-cell lymphoma. The low-grade B-cell lymphomas progress slowly and the prognosis of these are more favorable than that of the nodal lymphomas. However, high-grade forms progress rapidly with more severe course. The diagnosis of primary pulmonary lymphomas generally relies on the histopathologic findings of lung specimens obtained by surgical excision of the lesions or open-lung biopsy. Recently, less aggressive biopsies(transbronchial, transthoracic) and/or immunocyto-chemical, immunochemical and gene rearrangement studies on materials obtained by bronchoalveolar lavage have been used occasionally. The treatment of the primary pulmonary lymphomas has not been precisely codified. Several clinical data suggest that limited surgery or non-aggressive chemotherapy can provide long-term survival in patients with such slowly developing neoplasm, and demonstrated the need for the development of noninvasive diagnootic methods. In this study, we report a case of high-grade B-cell lymphoma of the lung which was treated with combination chemotherapy.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.196-203
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• 2004

The Information Committee of the Korean Gastric Cancer Association sent questionnaires to 31 laparoscopic gastric surgeons about their personal experiences with laparoscopic gastric surgery from 2001 to 2003. Twenty-four surgeons responded to the questionnaires (response rate: $77.4\%$).The number of laparoscopic gastric surgeries from 2001 to 2003 was 1,130 and increased from 209 in 2001 to 593 in 2003. The number of operations for a gastric adenocarcinoma also increased from 87 cases in 2001 to 403 cases in 2003. Laparoscopic radical procedures, such as a laparoscopyassisted distal gastrectomy or total gastrectomy (LADG or LATG), have increased rapidly during this period. (55 cases in 2001, 150 cases in 2002, and 364 cases in 2003). Laparoscopic function-preserving gastrectomies were not performed until 2003, during which year one pylorus- preserving gastrectomy and six proximal gastrectomies were performed laparoscopically. A wedge resection for a gastric submucosal tumor was performed in 71 cases in 2001, 82 in 2002, and 103 in 2003. Hand-assisted laparoscopic surgery (HALS) was performed in 39 cases in 2001, 55 in 2002, and 49 in 2003. As for personal indications for a LADG, 14 surgeons performed a LADG only for a T1 lesion, and 5 surgeons extended their indications to T2N0 lesions. In the near future, laparoscopic procedures for gastric cancer will be widely adopted in Korea if the medical-insurance obstacle is overcome and the long-term survival results are verified.

• The Journal of the Korean dental association
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• v.56 no.5
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• pp.263-276
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• 2018

Long-term survival and prognosis of narrow-diameter implants have been reported to be adequate to consider them a safe method for treating a deficient alveolar ridge. The objective of this study was to perform case report of narrow-diameter implants with a trapezoid-shape in anterior teeth alveolar bone. A 50-year-old male patient presented with discomfort due to mobility of all of the maxillary teeth and mandibular incisors. Due to destruction of alveolar bone, four anterior mandibular teeth were extracted. Soft tissue healing was allowed for approximately 3 months after the extraction, and a new design of implant placement was planned for the mandibular incisor area, followed by clinical and radiological evaluation. Implant placement was determined using an R2GATE surgical stent. The stability of the implants was assessed by ISQ measurements at the first and second implant surgery and after prosthetic placement. At 1 and 3 months and 1 year after implantation of the prosthesis, clinical and radiological examinations were performed. Another 50-year-old male patient presented with discomfort due to mobility of the mandibular central incisors. For the same reason as in the first patient, implant placement was carried out in the same way after extraction. ISQ measurements and clinical and radiological examinations were performed as in the previous case. In these two clinical cases, 12 months of follow-up revealed that the implant remained stable without inflammation or additional bone loss, and there was no discomfort to the patient. In conclusion, computer-guided implant surgery was used to place an implant in an optimal position considering the upper prosthesis. A new design of a narrow-diameter implant with a trapezoid-shape into anterior mandibular alveolar bone is a less invasive treatment method and is based on the contour of the deficient alveolar ridge. Through all of these procedures, we were able to reduce the number of traumas during surgery, reduce the operation time and total treatment period, and provide patients with more comfortable treatment.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.110-117
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• 2008

Clinical performance of resin-based composite material depends on case selection and on the proficiency of the operator. Especially, composite resin restoration on permanent first molar in children have more limitations clinically than adult patients according to stage of tooth eruption and patient's compliance. This study was designed to evaluate the clinical performance of posterior composite resin restoration in children after 5 years. 35 teeth of 16 patients who were received composite resin restoration on permanent first molar in Department of Pediatric dentistry, Pusan National University Hospital between January 2001 and December 2001 were evaluated based on Modified USPHS criteria. From the finding in this study, following conclusions can be made. 1. 6 teeth(17%) of 35 teeth was replaced, so 5-years survival rate of posterior composite resin restoration is 82.9%. 2. As results of each evaluation criteria, on color match, anatomic form, surface roughness, sensitivity/ discomfort, ideal A grade score was 86.2%, 93.1%, 86.2%, 86.2%, clinically accepted B grade score was 13.8%, 0%, 13.8%, 10.3%. On marginal adaptation and marginal discoloration, A grade score was 13.8%, 44.8% and B grade score was 79.3%, 34.5% and secondary caries rate was 20.7%. 3. 69.1% of teeth (20 teeth) was clinically accepted on all evaluation criteria.

• Journal of Marine Bioscience and Biotechnology
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.48-54
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• 2007

Bacillus polyfermenticus SCD (B. polyfermenticus SCD) has been appropriately used for the therapy of long-term intestinal disorders, because live strains in the form of active endospores can successfully reach the target intestine in humans. B. polyfermenticus SCD produces the most antibiotic-related materials. In the present study, B. polyfermenticus SCD was fermented with soybeans (BPFS) and its probiotic properties were investigated. B. polyfermenticus SCD and BPFS showed a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity against pathogenic Gram-positive (Streptococcus parauberis, Streptococcus iniae, Lactococcus garviae) and Gram-negative (Flexibacter tractuosus, Vibrio harveyi, Vibrio vulnificus, Vibrio ordalii) bacteria and moulds (Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus oryzae). Sebastes schlegeli were used to examine survival rate and cleanup action by BPFS. Bacterial infection resulted in a mortality of up to 99% in the commercial fodder fed groups. BPFS both enhanced the growth rate of fry by improving their appetite and had cleaned by decreased eutrophication. Therefore, it seems appropriate that BPFS should be developed as an antibiotic replacement, favorable fodder additive, and antifungal material in fish farming systems.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.13 no.8
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• pp.3731-3740
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• 2012

Background: There have been few studies of Asian ovarian cancer and benign tumors. The primary aim of this paper was to report the protocol of the Ko-EVE study to examine epidemiological and molecular factors for ovarian cancer and benign neoplasms and to ascertain the major risk factors for ovarian cancer control in Korea. Methods: This case-control study covers incident epithelial ovarian cancers and benign neoplasms, four major centers participating in enrolling incident cases and 3 hospitals enrolling healthy controls among health examinees. Standardized questionnaires were administered by trained interviewers, including sections on socio-demographics characteristics, past medical history, medication usage, family history, lifetime consumption of alcohol and tobacco, diet, physical activity, and reproductive factors for women. Various biological specimens were collected in the biorepository according to the standardized protocol. Annual follow-up for cancer cases and follow-up at the 1st year for benign tumor cases are performing to evaluate treatment effect and progression. Passive follow to see long-term survival will be conducting using record linkage with national data. Results: The total number recruited in 2010-2011 was 246 epithelial ovarian cancer cases, 362 benign epithelial tumors and 345 controls. We are planning to collect subjects for at least 1,500 sets of ovarian cancer, 2,000 benign tumors and 1,500 controls till 2018. Conclusions: The Ko-EVE will provide unique and important data to probe the etiology and natural history of Korean epithelial ovarian cancer. It will be continued by genomic and proteomic epidemiological analyses and future intervention studies for the prevention of ovarian cancer among Koreans.

• Korea journal of population studies
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.115-141
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• 2003

The aim of this paper is to describe a long-term trend toward earlier retirement and its reversal since 1985 in the United States, together with changes in socioeconomic conditions and social-policy programs which have contributed to this new development. The American people's recent propensity to retire at relatively younger ages was mainly a result of secular increase in individual wealth that had made it possible for them to enjoy higher standard of living without their participation in labor market activities at older ages. In addition to the introduction of compulsory retirement system, both social security retirement pension program and corporate pension system have also contributed significantly to the declining retirement age and its reversal around the mid-1980s. This paper pays full attention to the set of social policy programs which are currently being used to sustain the recent reversal in ages at retirement. The basic question to be raised here, however, is about whether or not the U. S. government will ave to continue to implement the social policies and programs used to discourage the elderly from retiring at relatively younger ages in the future. In this paper, it is argued that labor productivity growth and improvement in work attitude prior to retirement will help the elderly find little difficulties in having higher standard of living, despite their further lengthening of life expectancy at birth and post-retirement survival chances, the latter being often called the "third life". Most American people hope that the social-policy programs that have promoted early retirement will remain unchanged in the first part of the 21st century while they will put significant financial burden on their future descendants who have to work in the paid labor market. Taking this observation in consideration, this paper concludes that the U. S. government has to focus more on developing the programs that improve work propensity and labor productivity among the currently working-age population rather than continuing to implement the programs that sustain the recent reversal in retirement ages.ment ages.