• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.62 no.6
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• pp.725-737
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• 2017

An analytical method considering axial equilibrium is proposed for the short- and long-term analyses of shear lag effect in reinforced concrete (RC) box girders. The axial equilibrium of box girders is taken into account by using an additional generalized displacement, referred to as the longitudinal displacement of the web. Three independent shear lag functions are introduced to describe different shear lag intensities of the top, bottom, and cantilever plates. The time-dependent material properties of the concrete are simulated by the age-adjusted effective modulus method (AEMM), while the reinforcement is assumed to behave in a linear-elastic fashion. The differential equations are derived based on the longitudinal displacement of the web, the vertical displacement of the cross section, and the shear lag functions of the flanges. The time-dependent expressions of the generalized displacements are then deduced for box girders subjected to uniformly distributed loads. The accuracy of the proposed method is validated against the finite element results regarding the short- and long-term responses of a simply-supported RC box girder. Furthermore, creep analyses considering and neglecting shrinkage are performed to quantify the time effects on the long-term behavior of a continuous RC box girder. The results show that the proposed method can well evaluate both the short- and long-term behavior of box girders, and that concrete shrinkage has a considerable impact on the concrete stresses and internal forces, while concrete creep can remarkably affect the long-term deflections.

• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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• 2003.11a
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• pp.445-448
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• 2003

Polymer concrete using wastes PET recycled resin that is, in general, more excellent mechanical properties than portland cement concrete. A lot of works are carried out about short-term properties of polymer concrete, however, little work has done to define their long-term properties, that is, sustain load such as creep. In this study will show the data that can long-term behavior of polymer concrete by short term creep test of polymer concrete that was affect to the temperature and the time to predict to long-term creep behavior. Then prediction equation was similar tendency that was comparing to short-term creep test and long-term creep test.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.535-550
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• 2019

Prestressed concrete (PC) bridges using corrugated steel webbing have emerged as one of the most promising forms of steel-concrete composite bridge. However, their long-term behavior is not well understood, especially in the case of large-span bridges. In order to study the time-dependent performance, a large three-span PC bridge with corrugated steel webbing was compared to a similar conventional PC bridge to examine their respective time-dependent characteristics. In addition, a three-dimensional finite element method with step-by-step time integration that takes into account cantilever construction procedures was used to predict long-term behaviors such as deflection, stress distribution and prestressing loss. These predictions were based upon four well-established empirical creep prediction models. PC bridges with a corrugated steel web were observed to have a better long-term performance relative to conventional PC bridges. In particular, it is noted that the pre-cambering for PC bridges with a corrugated steel web could be smaller than that of conventional PC bridges. The ratio of side-to-mid span has great influence on the long-term deformation of PC bridges with a corrugated steel web, and it is suggested that the design value should be between 0.4 and 0.6. However, the different creep prediction models still showed a weak homogeneity, thus, the further experimental research and the development of health monitoring systems are required to further progress our understanding of the long-term behavior of PC bridges with corrugated steel webbing.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry, and Cartography Conference
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• 2010.04a
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• pp.195-196
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• 2010

This study aims to methodology a system which is able to monitoring and analysis of long span bridge in real time using multi GPS. Through setting up many GPS at the important points of long span bridge and measuring displacement in real time, over all 3D configuration of bridge could be analyzed. Behavior analyzing system developed in this study is able to digitize and visualize the overall and points displacement of bridge and deal with events actively. Also it is able to calculate statistical data related to analyze behavior through the constricting database of measuring data.

• Bulletin of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.52 no.4
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• pp.1059-1068
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• 2015

The paper is devoted to studying a fourth-order degenerate parabolic equation, which arises in fluid, phase transformation and biology. Based on the existence and uniqueness of one semi-discrete problem, two types of approximate solutions are introduced. By establishing some necessary uniform estimates for those approximate solutions, the existence and uniqueness of the corresponding parabolic problem are obtained. Moreover, the long time asymptotic behavior is established by the entropy functional method.

• Proceedings of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute Conference
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• 2002.04a
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• pp.27-34
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• 2002

In the case of reinforced concrete structures, the knowledge of load transfer in the long-term behavior analysis considering construction sequence is very important. Even though long-term behavior of concrete structures has been widely studied, the studies on the time-dependent axial force variation of shore have been scarce to date. In order to investigate the shore behaviors under actual construction conditions, a three-story test frame was constructed on a construction site. The entire construction schedule for the test frame was made to follow the schedule of an actual three-story frame. To analyze the data collected from the test frame, an analysis method based on the Winkler foundation model was developed. This analysis method accurately Predicts the time-dependent behavior of shore. The analysis results coincide well with those obtained by the Midas GENw program

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.23 no.11
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• pp.1469-1475
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• 2010

A study was conducted to investigate the effects of methods of feeding a total mixed ration (TMR) on behavior patterns of growing Hanwoo steers. A total of 15 growing steers (13 months old) were assigned to the control (fed roughage and concentrate mix separately), TMR1 (fed restricted TMR), and TMR2 (fed TMR ad libitum) groups. Individual behaviors of steers were observed for 48 hours. Compared with the control, feeding restricted TMR (TMR1) resulted in short eating time, long ruminating time, short chewing time, high frequencies of defecation, urination, and drinking of water, great numbers of boluses and chews, long ruminating time per bolus, low feed value index, high eating and chewing efficiencies (p<0.05). Compared with feeding restricted TMR (TMR1), feeding TMR ad libitum (TMR2) resulted in 1.2 kg more daily feed DM intake, long eating and chewing times, short resting time, great frequencies of defecation, urination and drinking of water, more numbers of boluses and chews, long ruminating time per bolus, low feed value index, low eating and high ruminating efficiencies (p<0.05) and similar chewing efficiency (p>0.05). Considering all these results, the wet TMR feeding system induced generally more desirable eating and ruminating behaviors of growing Hanwoo steers, but made the barn floor wetter due to more defecation and urination.

• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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• 2001.05a
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• pp.107-112
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• 2001

The IPC(Incremental Prestressed Concrete) which is gradually introducing the tensile force by tendons has been recently developed for reducing the effective depth of PSC bridges. As well known, concrete experiences long-term deformation such as creep and drying shrinkage, and the prediction of the long-term behavior of concrete bridges is essential for both safety and serviceability aspects. This paper was analysed the long-term behavior of a continuous 2-span IPC girder bridge taking into consideration of creep, drying shrinkage and the time of tensile force introduction. As results, the shrinkage of slab concrete increases the negative moment at interior support, and the The difference of concrete ages between slab and girder increases the camber. The effect of initial tensile force is larger than the effect of secondary tensile force in the tendons.

• International Journal of Automotive Technology
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.71-77
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• 2000

High temperature materials in service are subjected to mechanical damage due to operating load and metallurgical damage due to operating temperature. Therefore, when designing or assessing life of high temperature components, both factors must be considered. In this paper, the effect of tensile hold time on high temperature fatigue crack growth and long term prior thermal aging heat treatment on creep rupture behavior were investigated using STS 316L and STS 316 austenitic stainless steels, which are widely used for high temperature components like in automotive exhaust and piping systems. In high temperature fatigue crack growth tests using STS 316L, as tensile hold time increased, crack growth rate decreased in relatively short tensile hold time region. In long term aged specimens, cavity type microcracks have been observed at the interface of grain boundary and coarsened carbide.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.20 no.12
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• pp.37-44
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• 2015

In this paper, we propose the assistance method to enable safe driving through analysis of dangerous driving behavior using real-time alarm by vehicle speed, azimuth data and smartphone. For this method, smartphone is receiving driving data from digital tachograph using communication. Safe driving habit is a very important issue to commercial vehicle because that driver's long time driving than other vehicle type driver. Existing methods are very inefficient to improve immediately dangerous driving habits during driving because proceed driving behavior analysis after the vehicle operation. We propose the new safe driving assistance method that can prevent traffic accidents by real-time and improve the driver's wrong driving habits through real-time dangerous driving behavior analysis and notification the result to the driver. We have confirmed that the method in this paper will help to improve driving habits and can be applied through the proposed method implementation and simulation experiment.