• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.85 no.2
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• pp.210-224
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• 1996

The SLODSVAT consists of interrelated submodels that simulate : the transfer of radiation, water vapour, sensible heat, carbon dioxide and momentum in two canopy layers determined by environmental conditions and ecophysiological properties of the vegetation ; uptake and storage of water in the "root-stem-leaf" system of plants ; interception of rainfall by the canopy layers and infiltration and storage of rain water in the four soil layers. A comparison of the results of modeling experiments and field micro-climatic observations in a spruce forest(Picea abies [L].Karst) in the Soiling hills(Germany) shows, that the SLODSVAT can describe and simulate the short-term(diurnal) as well as the long-term(seasonal) variability of water vapour and sensible heat fluxes adequately to natural processes under different environmental conditions. It proves that it is possible to estimate and predict the transpiration and evapotranspiration rates for spruce forest ecosystems on the patch and landscape scales for one vegetation period, if certain meteorological, botanical and hydrological information for the structure of the atmospheric boundary layer, the canopy and the soil are available.

• Journal of the Korean Recycled Construction Resources Institute
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.180-186
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• 2016

There are many apartment buildings with the government's policy of increasing the supply of residential houses in Korea. Roughly 60% of the Korea population are living in apartment buildings. Since the 1970s, the Korean economy has grown enormously, the economic and social structure was radically transformed to industrialization and urbanization step. A village has grown into a large town in Korea and apartment buildings was constructed to solve national housing shortage by the Korean government and the construction company. Since the 2000s, this apartment buildings which was built in the 1970s and 1980s had become gradually deteriorated. So, reconstruction and remodeling project of apartment buildings have been come into request in Korea. There are two way to improve the residential environment. The one is remodeling of apartment buildings and the other is reconstruction of that. Therefore, we carried out questionnaire and survey study of the preference on the reconstruction and remodeling of old aged apartment which were located in daejeon province. As a result, the preference rate of remodeling is increasing instead of reconstruction because reconstruction of apartment buildings takes more money and needs long construction period.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.56 no.2
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• pp.285-310
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• 2004

The major purpose of this study is to examine effectiveness of an intervention program which aims at education/training caregivers of the dementia and/or stroke elderly. This program was conducted at group level. Participants of this program were the primary caregivers who have taken care of the elderly with dementia and/or stroke. To test the effectiveness of the caregiver education/training program, this study employed an quasi-experimental design: to compare pretest score with posttest ones for the same participants. Total forty two primary caregivers have completed the program. Seventeen caregivers were in experimental group, whereas twenty five ones belonged to control group. Our data suggest that, for the primary caregivers, subjective quality of life was more important than cargiving burden. Subjective quality of life among the caregivers significantly improved, after completing the program. This result suggests that a short-term intervention program at group level is not effective to reduce caregiving burden because an infra structure of community resources, to which the caregivers and their family access, did not remain at sufficient level. However, participants have showed improved mutual solidarity, and they have exposed to wider spectrum of a variety of information. As a result, they have perceived that the level of subjective quality of life has positively changed. Additional factors have influenced on determining the quality of life among the caregivers. The caregivers, whose demented elderly showed lower level of ADL and IADL, or who have experienced the short period of caregiving, were more likely to belong to higher level of quality of life. The quality of life among the caregivers were even more improved in the following group: being young, and highly educated, man. One of the contributions from this study is that we have found caregiver's characteristics, which need an intervention most. In addition, our study implies that specific contents of the caregivers' education/training program should be conducted based on each family's unique characteristics.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.95 no.6
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• pp.723-728
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• 2006

Since the forest succession is changing process in the structure and function of a forest for the long period of time, the objectivity of the process could be improved through the development of model or statistical methodology. This study was carried out to estimate succession index based on climax index and species composition parameters, thereupon to compare the succession index with life form and species diversity so as to grasp the information of quantitative successional process for the six community types in the natural deciduous forest of Mt. Jumbong area. The results indicated that Quercus mongolica-Tilia amurensis community had the greatest succession index of 67.5, followed by Abies holophylla-Fraxinus mandshurica community with 67.4. Juglans mandshurica-Cornus controversa community was recorded the smallest value of 60.5. The succession index of overstory tended to increase considerably at the stage of steady state for all community types except Quercus mongolica-Tilia amurensis community. However, The index of midstory hardly varied as the forest succession would progress for all community types. The succession index was negatively correlated to wind-water dispersion type of life form and positively to animal dispersion type at the 5% probability level. On the other hand, the index was not significantly correlated to the species richness and Shannon's species diversity index.

• Journal of Korean Society of Coastal and Ocean Engineers
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.177-190
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• 2016

In case of the seabed around and under gravity structures such as submerged breakwater is exposed to a large wave action long period, the excess pore pressure will be generated significantly due to pore volume change associated with rearrangement soil grains. This effect will lead a seabed liquefaction around and under structures as a result from decrease in the effective stress. Under the seabed liquefaction occurred and developed, the possibility of structure failure will be increased eventually. Lee et al.(2016) studied for regular waves, and this study considered for irregular waves with the same numerical analysis method used for regular waves. Under the condition of the irregular wave field, the time and spatial series of the deformation of submerged breakwater, the pore water pressure (oscillatory and residual components) and pore water pressure ratio in the seabed were estimated and their results were compared with those of the regular wave field to evaluate the liquefaction potential on the seabed quantitatively. Although present results are based on a limited number of numerical simulations, one of the study's most important findings is that a more safe design can be obtainable when analyzing case with a regular wave condition corresponding to a significant wave of irregular wave.

• Membrane Journal
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.415-421
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• 2015

$SrCo_{0.8}Fe_{0.1}Nb_{0.1}O_{3-{\delta}}$ oxide was synthesized by solid state reaction method. Dense ceramic membrane was prepared using as-prepared powder by pressing and sintering at $1250^{\circ}C$. XRD result of membrane showed single perovskite structure. The oxygen permeability were measured under 0.21 atm of oxygen partial pressure ($P_{O_2}$) and between 800 and $950^{\circ}C$. The oxygen permeation flux of $SrCo_{0.8}Fe_{0.1}Nb_{0.1}O_{3-{\delta}}$ membrane was increased with the increasing temperature. The maximum oxygen permeation flux was $1.839mL/min{\cdot}cm^2$ at $950^{\circ}C$. Long period permeability experiment was carried out to confirm the phase stability and $CO_2$-tolerance of membrane containing Nb in the condition of air with $CO_2$ (500 ppm) as feed stream at $900^{\circ}C$. The phase stability and $CO_2$-tolerance of $SrCo_{0.8}Fe_{0.1}Nb_{0.1}O_{3-{\delta}}$ were investigated by XRD and TG analysis. The result of $SrCo_{0.8}Fe_{0.1}Nb_{0.1}O_{3-{\delta}}$ which exposed carbon dioxide for 100 hours indicated 8wt% of $SrCO_3$. But it was known that the level of $SrCO_3$ production dose not have a significant effect on oxygen permeability.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.277-285
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• 2010

Geostationary Ocean Color Imager(GOCI-I), the world's first space-borne ocean color observation geostationary satellite, will be launched on June 2010. Development of GOCI-I took about 6 years, and its expected lifetime is about 7 years. The mission and user requirements of GOCI-II are required to be defined at this moment. Because baseline of the main mission of GOCI-II must be defined during the development time and early operational period of GOCI-I. The main difference between these missions is the global-monitoring capability of GOCI-II, which will meet the necessity of the monitoring and research on climate change in the long-term. The user requirements of GOCI-II will have higher spatial resolution, $250m{\times}250m$, and 12 spectral bands to fulfill GOCI-I's user request, which could not be implemented on GOCI-I for technical reasons. A dedicated panchromatic band will be added for the nighttime observation to obtain fishery information. GOCI-II will have a new capability, supporting user-definable observation requests such as clear sky area without clouds and special-event areas, etc. This will enable higher applicability of GOCI-II products. GOCI-II will perform observations 8 times daily, the same as GOCI-I's. Additionally, daily global observation once or twice daily is planned for GOCI-II. In this paper, we present an improved development and organization structure to solve the problems that have emerged so far. The hardware design of the GOCI-II will proceed in conjunction with domestic or foreign space agencies.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.605-617
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• 2021

The recovery of the sedimentary environment around a fallowing shellfish farm during its rest period after 20 years of long-running operation, was explored in Tongyeong Bay of Korea. Seasonal survey on macrobenthos community was conducted from July 2016 to September 2018 at five stations, which included the fallowing shellfish farm after 20-year operation (FF), a newly installed shellfish farm (NF), a shellfish farm for comparison around the closed shellfish farm (CF), and control stations with no farming activities (Con1, Con2). The total number of species and the density of macrobenthos were higher at the shellfish farm stations than the non-shellfish farm station, and their seasonal changes were significant. The dominant species at the shellfish farm stations was Capitella capitata while Paraprionospio patiens was dominant at the non-shellfish farm stations. The two dominant species were potential organic contamination indicators usually inhabiting the areas with dense organic matter. This suggests that the overall survey area was highly polluted with organic matters. Multivariate analysis showed that the macrobenthic community of CF changed to a level similar to that of Con1 immediately after the investigation, but not to a state above the Con1 level. Furthermore, the changes in NF were not significant when compared to those in CF.

• Journal of Korean Historical Folklife
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• no.33
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• pp.359-384
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• 2010

The studies on Daedonggye(大同契), by this time, have been mainly researched focusing on the ruling system of country villages related to 'King(王)-local governor(守令)-noble family(士族)' in Chosun Period. The result of it is that it made a great contribution to reveal the operation of country society and substance of the ruling class but made it wholly lacking studying on the organization of Daedonggye in fishing villages especially and the social structure after the opening of ports. The residents in Noryeokdo have operated Daedonggye for about 80 years from 1925 up to now. Anyone who is a householder in Noryeokdo has been a participant in a member of it. The reason is that the participation in Daedonggye is the most basic requisite to lead the community life of the fishing village. It was investigated in this study that the residents operated their Daedonggye in what way in the 20th century and what motive made them keep it prolonged for a long time up to the 21th century.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.381-389
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• 2022

This study investigated the ecological characteristics of Microphysogobio yaluensis at Dugye Stream of Geum River basin from January to December 2021. The river bed structure of this species' habitat was rich in pebbles and gravel. The water depth ranged from 12 to 85 cm with an average of 23 cm, which was shallow. The stream velocity was rapid at 1.03±0.34(0.72-1.47) m/sec. The ratio of females to males was 1:0.86. The age according to the total length-frequency distribution as of summer (June, July) indicated that the group with less than 50 mm (30.4-49 mm) in total length was one year old, the group with 50-69 mm was two years old, and the group over 70-92 mm was three years old. Both male and female fish sexually matured at 50 mm long and two years old in June and July. The spawning season was from July to August, and the water temperature was between 25.8℃ and 28.2℃ during the period. The prosperous spawning season was July. The matured eggs were yellowish and spherical with a mean diameter of 0.52±0.16 (0.33-0.77) mm, and the average number of eggs found in the ovaries of mature female fish was 2,593 (1,343-4,672). As for the food of M. yaluensis, only attached algae, which grow by attaching to stones and gravel of the stream rapids, were identified. The feeding habit of M. yaluensis was reported to be herbivorous, ingesting Cyanophyta, Chlorophyta and Bacillariophya. Also, the species belonging to Bacillariophya and Chlorophyta were abundant in Dugye Stream.