• Language and Information
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.1-22
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• 2005

In this paper I propose the semantics of two modality markers in Korean, keyss and (u)1 kes. I compare the two modality markers with respect to some properties. First, keyss is used to express logical necessity while (u)1 kes can be used to express a simple prediction as well. Second, keyss expresses some logical conclusion from the speaker's own information state without claiming it is true. On the other hand, (u)1 kes expresses the claim that the speaker's prediction will be true. Third, the prediction of keyss is non-monotonic: it can be reversed without being inconsistent. However, that of (u)1 kes cannot. Fourth, (u)1 kes can be used freely in epistemic conditionals, but keyss cannot. Finally, when keyss is used, the prediction cannot be repeated. The prediction from the use of (u)1 kes can be repeated. To account for these differences, I propose that keyss is used when the speaker makes a purely logical presumption based on his/her own information state, and that (u)1 kes is used to make a prediction which is asserted to be true. This proposal accounts for all the differences of the two modality markers.

• Journal of the Society of Naval Architects of Korea
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• v.48 no.1
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• pp.67-75
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• 2011

Pyomindaehwa is a study book written in Korean and it takes a form of an investigation document made up of a conversation between Chosen's castaways and an interpreter taking place in Naesirogawa and Satsuma on the south end of Kyushu, Japan in the 19th century. This book is in three volumes. Many terminologies such as timber parts, sail, rigging and equipment have been shown in the last volume, which is mainly about a repairing process of drifting ship. Especially, timber parts' terminologies including hull's term were schematized in Kumamoto Text(1854b). This study have attempted to find out Naval architectural clues helping estimate actual drifting ship's type and bulk on the evidence of the contents. Based on the studies, it is possible to presume the type of Korean boats and ships, which are similar with the ones from database of 21 traditional fishing boats in the report on Investigation of Korean fishing boats studied previously. This paper has shown the logical process of presumption of types of boats.

• Communications of Mathematical Education
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• v.21 no.1 s.29
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• pp.81-105
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• 2007

We need questions that have various answers, not one answer by just mechanical calculation, to improve students' creativity. Such questions usually require inquiry, presumption, logical inference and a variety of problem solving tactics. These questions will be even more effective when they can provide students with multiple experiences by making them engage in lots of activities. We have to make use of diverse teaching aids and tools, or teaching materials in order to get these results. This research searches for teaching materials which improve gifted students' creativity as well as the ways to utilize 4D Frame. Furthermore we intend to present the ways to put such materials and 4D frame into practical use.