• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.73-81
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• 1996

In multiprocessor systems with multiple processors and memories, efficient communication between processors and memories is critical for high performance. Various types of multistage networks have been proposed. The economic feasibility and the improvements in both computing throughput and fault tolerance/diagnosis have been some of the most important factors in the development of these computer systems. In this paper, we present an efficient algorithm for the diagnosis of generalized cube interconnection networks with a fan-in/fan-out of 2. Also, using the assumed fault model present total fault diagnosis by generating suitable fault-detection and fault-location test sets for link stuck fault, switching element fault in direct/cross states, including broadcast diagnosis methods based on some basic properties or generalized cube interconnection networks. Finally, we illustrate some example.

• Journal of the Earthquake Engineering Society of Korea
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• v.11 no.2 s.54
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• pp.69-79
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• 2007

In this paper, a technique to detect structural damage and estimate its severity using peaks and zeros of frequency response functions (FRFs) is developed. The peaks in FRFs represent the natural frequencies of the structure and the zeros provide additional information. The characteristics of peaks and zeros are defined and the calculation procedure to obtain the peaks and zeros from the relationship between frequency response function and stiffness and mass matrices are clearly explained. A structural system identification theory which is utilizing the sensitivity of stiffness of a structural member to eigenvalues, i.e., peaks and zeros, is established. The proposed method can identify damage location and its severity, with natural and zero frequencies, by estimating structural stiffness of the structure in the process of making a analytical model The accuracy and feasibility is demonstrated by numerical models of a spring-mass system and a beam structure.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Railway
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.500-503
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• 2010

Until now, the track circuit with railroad which is a part of an electrical circuit wad used only for the detection of the train location, but as train speed is up to be higher, in order to overcome the limits of ground signal system the railway signal system has changed from the ground signal system to a cab signal system. The power source of the track circuit has also changed from a direct current or a high voltage impulse to an alternating current with high frequency which is a part of the audio frequency. To improve the maintenanability and according to the environment condition, the railway roadbed is rapidly changed to the ferroconcrete roadbed. In case of a track circuit to use an alternating current with high frequency as power source at a ferroconcrete roadbed, the characteristic of the track circuit is brought on a change from a loss of the magnetic combination instead of a leakage current from electric insulation which was caused by the reinforcing iron pod with lattice shape for durability. This paper is shown the influence and the loss of the signal current at AF track circuit on a ferroconcrete in the simulation sheets and presented a proposal for the preventive method from reduction of signal current.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Heat Treatment
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.309-317
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• 2000

Demand for new nondestructive evaluations is growing to detect tensile crack growth behavior to predict long term performance of materials and structure in aggressive environments, especially when they are in non-visible area. Acoustic emission technique is well suited to these problems and has drawn a keen interests because of its dynamic detection ability, extreme sensitivity and location of growing defects. In this study, we investigated the strength of fire resistance steel for frame structure by tensile test after degradation treatment and analysed acoustic emission signals obtained from tensile test with time frequency analysis methods. In the T and TN specimens(under $600^{\circ}C$-10min ) consisting of ferrite and pearlite structure, most of acoustic emission events were produced near yield point, mainly due to the dislocation activities during the deformation. However, B specimen under $600^{\circ}C$-10min had a two peak which was attribute to the presence of martensite phase. The first peak is before yield point and the second after yield point. The sources of second acoustic emission peak were the debonding of martensite-martensite interface and the micro-cracking of brittle martensite phase. In $600^{\circ}C$-30min to $700^{\circ}C$-60min, many signals were observed before yield point and were decreased after yield point.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea CI
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• v.45 no.6
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• pp.162-169
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• 2008

Film restoration is to detect the location and extent of defected regions from a given movie film, and if present, to reconstruct the lost information of each regions. It has gained increasing attention by many researchers, to support multimedia service of high quality. Among artifacts, scratch is the most frequent degradation. In this paper, an automatic film line scratch removal system is developed that can detect and restore all kind of scratches. For this we use the spatial information of scratches: The scratch in old films has lower or higher brightness than neighboring pixels in its vicinity and usually appears as a vertically long thin line. Our systems consists of scratch detection and scratch restoration. The scratches of various types are detected by neural network based texture classifier and morphology-based shape filter and then the degraded regions are restored using bilinear interpolation. To assess the validity of the Proposed method, it has been tested with all kinds of scratches, and then experimental results show that the proposed approach is robust to various scratches and efficient to apply a real film removal system.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• v.3 no.4
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• pp.221-225
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• 2003

Purpose: The prognosis for Borrmann type 4 gastric cancer is dismal although therapies for gastric cancer have been developed. We investigated the outcomes for Borrmann type 4 gastric cancers compared to those for other types of cancer. Materials and Methods: Between 1993 and 2000, 777 patients with advanced gastric cancer underwent surgical resection at the Department of Surgery, Korea University Hospital. The clinicopathologic features of 138 patients with Borrmann type 4 carcinomas of the stomach were retrospectively reviewed from the database of gastric cancer. The results were compared with those of 639 patients with other types of gastric carcinomas. Results: Patients with Borrmann type 4 carcinomas tended to be younger and to have larger tumors. The location, the depth of invasion, lymph node metastasis, and distant metastasis were significantly different between the two groups. Patients with Borrmann type 4 carcinomas had a more advanced stage than patients with other types of carcinomas. The analysis of the treatment factors revealed that total gastrectomies were more frequent in the group with Borrmann type 4 carcinomas and that the curative resection rate of patients with Borrmann type 4 gastric carcinomas was lower than that of patients with other types of gastric carcinomas (P<0.001). The 5-year survival rate for Borrmann type 4 gastric cancer was $19.4\%$ and that for other types was $52.9\%$ (P=0.001). In curative cases, the 5-year survival rates were $32.8 \%$ for patients with Borrmann type 4 gastric carcinomas and $63.4\%$ for other types of carcinomas (P=0.001). Conclusion: Borrmann type IV gastric cancer has more advanced features and a poorer prognosis than other types of gastric cancer. Improving the prognosis for patients with Borrmann type 4 gastric cancer requires early detection and a curative resection.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• v.3 no.4
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• pp.201-205
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• 2003

Purpose: Telomerase activity is generally absent in primary cell cultures and normal tissues. Telomerase is known to be induced upon immortalization or malignant transformation of human cells. Telomerase activity can be increased in immature lymphocytes and activated lymphocytes, but it is not detected in the peripheral blood of normal persons. The authors analyzed peripheral blood telomerase from patients of gastric cancer to evaluate the possibility of using it for diagnosis and as a prognostic factor. Materials and Methods: We obtained blood samples from 11 inflammatory patients and 64 gastric cancer patients. The telomerase activity was measured using the [PCR-ELISA] method. The results were correlated with the T, N, M stage, cell differentiation, vascular, neural, and lymphatic invasion, tumor size, and tumor location. Results: In the 11 inflammatory patients, telomerase activity was not detected while in the gastric cancer patients, a positive rate of $28.1\%$ was noted. The peripheral telomerase activity was not related with tumor size, tumor site, lymphatic and vascular invasion, stage, or histologic differentiation. Conclusion: The peripheral blood telomerase activity for patients of gastric cancer can be utilized as a marker for the diagnosis of not only advanced gastric cancer, but also relatively early stage gastric cancer, but not as a prognostic factor.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.17 no.12
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• pp.5159-5164
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• 2016

Objective: The dynamics of morbidity, disability and death rates due to malignant neoplasms in the population in Uralsk city of the Republic of Kazakhstan were studied for 2011-2015, with a focus on age and sex, as well as tumor location. Methods: Statistics for total morbidity, primary disability and mortality from cancer in the adult population of the city of Uralsk for 2011-2015 were calculated per 100 thousand. Estimation of morbidity was based on data from form - $N{\underline{o}}12$ ${\ll}$Report on the number of diseases registered in patients living in the area of health care organizations and patient population under medical observation". Evaluation of primary disability was based on form $N{\underline{o}}7$ ${\ll}$The distribution of newly recognized disabled by disease class, age, sex and disability groups" for 2011-2015 in Ural city and analysis of cancer was carried out using annual form 7 "Report on the sick, and diseases of malignant neoplasms". Result: The most common localizations of cancer were the trachea, bronchi, lungs, stomach and mammary glands. High death rates were noted for patients with cancer of the trachea, bronchi, lung, as compared to stomach and esophagus. Conclusion: The results of our investigation and data in the literature indicate that regional characteristics influence the impact of risk factors associated with cancer. An unfavorable environmental background contributes to ill health of urban populations, contributing to development of cancer. Moreover behavioral risk factors are very important, such as smoking, alcohol drinking, and an unhealthy diet. All these factors require urgent adoption of a package of measures for prevention, early detection and timely treatment. Detailed study of cancer is necessary to develop national programs and activities for prevention and control.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.25-33
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• 1983

Left ventricular wall motion was observed with EKG gated cardiac blood pool scan in 71 various cardiac diseases and 10 normal controls to evaluate its diagnostic and clinical significance in them. 1) In the presence of left ventricular dysfunction, visual evaluation of the left ventricular wall motion was useful to determine whether it was due to localized or diffuse abnormalities. In cardiomyopathy, marked left ventricular dilatation and severe hypokinesia were noted. 2) In myocardial infarction, regional wall motion abnormalities well represented the location of infarcted areas in majority of cases. Patients with inferior wall infarction had smaller decrease of the left ventricular ejection fraction and wall motion grade than anterior or combined groups. In whom persistent left ventricular failure was present, wall motion analysis with gated cardiac scan provided valuable information for the detection of ventricular aneurysms. 3) Evaluation of the left ventricular wall motion and its grading provided a reliable estimate of the left ventricular function. In conclusion, visual evaluation of left ventricular wall motion and its grading provided valuable information for analyzing the characteristics of regional and global left ventricular dysfunction.

• Journal of Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.19-28
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• 2007

Tunnel management is a time-consuming and expensive task. In particular, visual analysis of tunnel inspection often requires extended time and cost and shows problems on data gathering, storage and analysis. This study proposes a new approach to extract information for tunnel management by using a laser scanning technology. A prototype tunnel laser scanner developed was used to obtain point clouds of a railway tunnel surface. Initial processing of laser scanning data was to separate those laser pulses returned from the installations attached to tunnel liner using radiometric and geometric characteristics of laser returns. Once the laser returns from the installations were separated and removed, physically damaged parts on tunnel lining are detected. Based on the plane formed by laser scanner data, damaged parts are detected by analysis of proximity. The algorithms presented in this study successfully detect the physically damaged parts which can be verified by the digital photography of the corresponding location on the tunnel surface.