• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.32-36
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• 2001

Background: There is no reliable objective test for the diagnosis of myofascial pain syndromes. The aim of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of a pressure algometer for the diagnosis of the trigger points and for the evaluation of the treatment in myofascial pain syndromes (MPS). Methods: Twenty female patients with clinical MPS of shoulder were included in this study. Pressure pain thresholds were measured by a pressure algometer at three different sites including the trapezius, supraspinatus and infraspinatus before, and then the 1st, 3rd and 7th days after TPI. Results: Mean pressure pain thresholds were lower in patients with MPS in than normal volunteers in all the examined skeletal muscles. Mean pressure pain thresholds in patients with MPS were increased significantly after TPI in all the examined skeletal muscles. Conclusions: Pressure algometer can be used as relatively objective diagnostic tool for locating trigger points and to quantify the effect of TPI in MPS. However, more investigation is necessary.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.201-217
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• 2007

An active damage detection technique is introduced to locate damage in an isotropic plate using Lamb waves. This technique uses a time-domain energy model of Lamb waves in plates that the wave amplitude inversely decays with the propagation distance along a ray direction. Accordingly the damage localization is formulated as a least-squares problem to minimize an error function between the model and the measured data. An active sensing system with integrated actuators/sensors is controlled to excite/receive $A_0$ mode of Lamb waves in the plate. Scattered wave signals from the damage can be obtained by subtracting the baseline signal of the undamaged plate from the recorded signal of the damaged plate. In the experimental study, after collecting the scattered wave signals, a discrete wavelet transform (DWT) is employed to extract the first scattered wave pack from the damage, then an iterative method is derived to solve the least-squares problem for locating the damage. Since this method does not rely on time-of-flight but wave energy measurement, it is more robust, reliable, and noise-tolerant. Both numerical and experimental examples are performed to verify the efficiency and accuracy of the method, and the results demonstrate that the estimated damage position stably converges to the targeted damage.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.81-88
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• 2009

In the previous work, we presented HDTS for locating logical errors in Java programs. The HDTS locates an erroneous method at an execution tree using an algorithmic program debugging technique and locates a statement with errors in the erroneous method using a step-wise program debugging. The technique can remove the unnecessary statements and nodes in debugging using a program slicing technique at the execution tree. So HDTS reduces the number of program debugging. In this paper, we design HDTS system for debugging java programs. We define small subset of Java language and design the translator that translates java source codes and the virtual machine that runs java programs. We design GUI(Graphical User Interface) for debugging.

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.13 no.2 s.17
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• pp.85-85
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• 2000

Following is the result through translating. studying, and analyzing 『San Zhi Shan(三指禪)』, the book worked by Zhou Xue Ting(周學霆). 1. The chapter of 『Mai Xue Yuan Liu(脈學源流)』 explains thc Xiang Shu Xue(象數學) viewpoint, the part that pulse is based on Lu guan(律管). 2. The chapter of 『Liu Bu Mai Jie(六部脈解)』 explains that emphasizing Shen(神) through understanding the shape of pulse(脈象) is more important than the locating the area of thc shape of pulse(脈象). 3. The chapter of 『Zuo Xin Tan Zhong Can Dan Shen Xiao Chang You Fei Xiang Zhong Pi Wei Ming Da Chang Bian($좌심단중간담신소장{\cdot}우폐흉중비위명대장판$)』exhibits the different view about the position of pulse from Li Shi Zhen(李時珍)'s. the chapter in which Zhou(周) arranges Heart{\cdot}Small\;Intestine{\cdot}Liver{\cdot}Gall\;Bladder{\cdot}Kidneys{\cdot}and$ Bladcler($心{\cdot}小腸{\cdot}肝{\cdot}膽{\cdot}腎{\cdot}膀胱$) in left hand and $Lungs{\cdot}Large{\cdot}Intestine{\cdot}Spleen{\cdot}Stomach{\cdot}Kidney{\cdot}and$ The gate of Vitality($肺{\cdot}大腸{\cdot}脾{\cdot}胃{\cdot}腎{\cdot}命門$) in right hand. From the above results, I'm sure that 『San Zhi Shan(三指禪)』which has headed down to descendants as the special book about the study of pulse has developed the theory of pulse. Therefore I expect that the more profound study about this will be going on.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.559-569
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• 2010

We propose an RFID system based on range-free localization method. This method recognizes pre-determined reference tags first, and then checks within which reference tag the target tag is placed closest. It estimates target tag's position relative to the reference tag's position. We use Aging Counter to estimate the distance between reference and target tags using the read ratio of RFID tags. Practicality of the proposed method is verified by applying it to a library book locating system.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.17-34
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• 2003

This paper presents a damage assessment procedure applied to periodic spring mass systems using an eigenvalue sensitivity-based method. The damage is directly related to the stiffness reduction of the damage element. The natural frequencies of periodic structures with one single disorder are found by adopting the transfer matrix approach, consequently, the first order approximation of the natural frequencies with respect to the disordered stiffness in different elements is used to form the sensitivity matrix. The analysis shows that the sensitivity of natural frequencies to damage in different locations depends only on the mode number and the location of damage. The stiffness changes due to damage can be identified by solving a set of underdetermined equations based on the sensitivity matrix. The issues associated with many possible damage locations in large structural systems are addressed, and a means of improving the computational efficiency of damage detection while maintaining the accuracy for large periodic structures with limited available measured natural frequencies, is also introduced in this paper. The incomplete measurements and the effect of random error in terms of measurement noise in the natural frequencies are considered. Numerical results of a periodic spring-mass system of 20 degrees of freedom illustrate that the proposed method is simple and robust in locating single or multiple damages in a large periodic structure with a high computational efficiency.

• Structural Monitoring and Maintenance
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.243-260
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• 2018

Detection of damages in fibre reinforced plastic (FRP) composite structures is important from the safety and serviceability point of view. Usually, damage is realized as a local reduction of stiffness and if dynamic responses of the structure are sensitive enough to such changes in stiffness, then a well posed inverse problem can provide an efficient solution to the damage detection problem. Usually, such inverse problems are solved within the framework of pattern recognition. Support Vector Machine (SVM) Algorithm is one such methodology, which minimizes the weighted differences between the experimentally observed dynamic responses and those computed using the finite element model- by optimizing appropriately chosen parameters, such as stiffness. A damage detection strategy is hereby proposed using SVM which perform stepwise by first locating and then determining the severity of the damage. The SVM algorithm uses simulations of only a limited number of damage scenarios and trains the algorithm in such a way so as to detect damages at unknown locations by recognizing the pattern of changes in dynamic responses. A rectangular fiber reinforced plastic composite plate has been investigated both numerically and experimentally to observe the efficiency of the SVM algorithm for damage detection. Experimentally determined modal responses, such as natural frequencies and mode shapes are used as observable parameters. The results are encouraging since a high percentage of damage cases have been successfully determined using the proposed algorithm.

• Journal of the Korean Society for information Management
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.9-35
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• 1995

Locating function of a particular item is more of added entry than a main entry heading. This function was expanded especially in the machine readable cataloging by introducing the control number and standard bibliographic number. Assembling function of the main entry heading is on a level with that of cross reference and notes, added entries, uniform headings. Links among all variant forms of a heading in hypercatalog will be made for collocating of all publications of a given author. The link of bibliographic records in this catalog can be freed from the dependence on standardized heading form. The function of the catalog is not affected even though by abandoning the concept of main entry heading. Further efforts should be made to raise users' finding opportunities through expansion of acces points and linking devices among related records.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.1012-1017
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• 2008

Recently, the use of wireless fan is increased by the development of wireless communication and convenience. Moreover, it makes an issue of security threat and vulnerability of wireless tan. Therefore, the IEEE established new standard such as 802.11i in 802.11 to supplement security vulnerability of wireless tan. But the security threat that does not solve, still remains. In this paper, we proposed that the location detection algorithm, that is used Kalman-Filter, Lateration and RSSI, and the mechanism that detects security status of AP and unauthorized AP by using beacon-frame of AP in building. Finally, we confirmed performance of proposed algorithm is good in comparison of established algorithm.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.205-210
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• 2007

Objective : Hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated (HCN) channels mediate the hyperpolarization-activated currents (Ih) that participate in regulating neuronal membrane potential and contribute critically to pacemaker activity, promoting synchronization of neuronal networks. However, distinct regional and cellular localization of HCN channels in the brain have not been precisely defined. Aim of this study was to verify the precise cellular location of HCN1 channels in rat cerebellum to better understand the physiological role these channels play in synaptic transmission between CNS neurons. Methods : HCN1 expression in rat brain was analyzed using immunohistochemistry and electron-microscopic observations. Postsynaptic density-95 (PSD-95), otherwise known as locating and clustering protein, was also examined to clarify its role in the subcellular location of HCN1 channels. In addition, to presume the binding of HCN1 channels with PSD-95, putative binding motifs in these channels were investigated using software-searching method. Results : HCN1 channels were locally distributed at the presynaptic terminal of basket cell and exactly corresponded with the location of PSD-95. Moreover, nine putative SH3 domain of PSD-95 binding motifs were discovered in HCN1 channels from motif analysis. Conclusion : Distinct localization of HCN1 channels in rat cerebellum is possible, especially when analyzed in conjunction with the SH3 domain of PSD-95. Considering that HCN1 channels contribute to spontaneous rhythmic action potentials, it is suggested that HCN1 channels located at the presynaptic terminal of neurons may play an important role in synaptic plasticity.