• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.131-142
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• 2017

This study aims to create a Local Climate Zone(LCZ) map of Seoul by using World Urban Database and Access Portal Tools(WUDAPT) protocol, and to analyze the characteristics of the Seoul LCZs. For this purpose, training samples of 17 LCZ types were collected by using Landsat images and Google Earth. LCZ Classification and Filtering were performed by SAGA GIS. An ArcGIS was used to analyze the characteristics of each LCZ type. The characteristics of the LCZ types were analyzed by focusing on building surface fraction ratio, impervious surface fraction ratio, pervious surface fraction ratio, building stories and air temperature. The results show that one filtering was found to be most appropriate. While Yangcheongu and Yeongdeungpogu with the higher annual and maximum mean air temperature than other areas have the higher rate of LCZ 3(compact low-rise) and LCZ 4(open high-rise), Jongnogu, Eunpyeonggu, Nowongu and Gwanakgu with the lower value have the higher rate of LCZ A(Dence trees). The values of building surface fraction ratio, impervious surface fraction ratio and building stories of each LCZ were included in the range of WUDAPT for most LCZs. However, the values of pervious surface fraction ratio were out of the range, in particular, in the LCZs 4~6 and 9~10. This study shows the usability and applicability of the WUDAPT methodology and its climate zone classification used in many countries as a basic data for the landscape planning and policy to improve the thermal environment in urban areas.

• Journal of Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.343-352
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• 2005

In this study, the existing methods proposed to estimate the relaxed load due to a tunnel excavation are compared and analyzed. Also a new approach, by which the stress relaxed zone around an excavated tunnel periphery can be systematically estimated, was suggested for the design of 2-arch tunnel lining. To this end, local factors of safety are calculated from the redistributed stresses after the excavation of a tunnel. The height of the relaxed load is inferred based on the assumption that the stress relaxed zone might coincide with the region corresponding to the local safety factor of 2.0 or 3.0. The new approach proposed in this study has the advantage of estimating the height of the relaxed load independent of the shape of a tunnel and the ground conditions, Since the height of the relaxed load is estimated according to the local factor of safety, which is a relatively clear criterion, the designer's subjectivity involved in the design of concrete tunnel lining might be reduced.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.479-490
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• 2021

Pre-drainage of groundwater in the roof aquifer by boreholes is the main method for prevention of roof water disaster, and the drop in the water level during the drainage leads to the variation of the local stress in the overlying strata. Based on a multitude of boreholes for groundwater drainage from aquifer above the 1303 mining face of Longyun Coal Mine, theoretical analysis and numerical simulation are used to investigate the local stress variation in the process of borehole drainage. The results show that due to the drop in the water level of the roof aquifer during the drainage, the stress around the borehole gradually evolved. From the center of the borehole to the outside, a stress-relaxed zone, a stress-elevated zone, and a stress-recovered zone are sequentially formed. Along with the expansion of drainage influence, the stress peak in the stress-elevated zone also moves to the outside. When the radius of influence develops to the maximum, the stress peak position no longer moves outward. When the coal mining face advances to the drainage influence range, the abutment pressure in front of the mining face is superimposed with the high local stress around the borehole, which increases the risk of stress concentration. The present study provides a reference for the stress concentration caused by borehole drainage, which can be potentially utilized in the optimal arrangement of drainage boreholes in underground mining.

• Ocean Systems Engineering
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.215-241
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• 2014

Steel catenary riser (SCR) is a popular/economical solution for the oil/gas production in deep and ultra-deep water. The behavioral characteristics of SCR have a high correlation with the motion of floating production facility at its survival and operational environments. When large motions of surface floaters occur, such as FPSO in 100-yr storm case, they can cause unacceptable negative tension on SCR near TDZ (touch down zone) and the corresponding elastic deflection can be large due to local dynamic buckling. The generation, propagation, and decay of the elastic wave are also affected by SCR and seabed soil interaction effects. The temporary local dynamic buckling vanishes with the recovery of tension on SCR with the upheaval motion of surface floater. Unlike larger-scale, an-order-of-magnitude longer period global buckling driven by heat and pressure variations in subsea pipelines, the sub-critical local dynamic buckling of SCR is motion-driven and short cycled, which, however, can lead to permanent structural damage when the resulting stress is greatly amplified beyond the elastic limit. The phenomenon is extensively investigated in this paper by using the vessel-mooring-riser coupled dynamic analysis program. It is found that the moment of large downward heave motion at the farthest-horizontal-offset position is the most dangerous for the local dynamic buckling.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.99.1-99.1
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• 2012

We report the results of our analysis of far ultraviolet (FUV) observations made for the broad region around the ${\alpha}$ Vir (Spica) including the interaction zone of the Loop I and the Local Bubble. We employed the datasets of the GALEX and the FIMS, which made observations at similar FUV wavelengths. First, we noted that the GALEX image was enhanced in the southern region where the interaction zone exists. We attribute this enhanced FUV emission to dust scattering of the stellar photons, mostly from the background field stars with small contributions from the central star Spica. While the region is optically thin in general, the FUV intensity did not correlate well with the dust extinction level, indicating that the local radiation field has significant fluctuations. On the other hand, the GALEX FUV intensity well with the $H{\alpha}$ intensity as well as the dust extinction level in the northern part. In fact, the neutral hydrogen column density correlated very well with the dust extinction level throughout the whole region in consideration. The relationship between the neutral hydrogen column density and the color excess was estimated to be ${\sim}7{\times}10^{21}atoms\;cm^{-2}$, which is a little higher than the previous observations made for a diffuse interstellar medium. The spectral analyses of the FIMS observations showed the enhanced C IV emission throughout the whole region, indicating that the C IV emission arises by the interaction of the hot gases with the shell boundaries. A simple model showed that a large portion of the C IV emission comes from the Loop I side of the interaction zone, compared to the Local Bubble side. The FIMS spectrum also showed indications of the molecular hydrogen fluorescence lines for the interaction zone.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Rural Architecture
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.1-9
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• 2009

Through 'Local Theme Science Museum' aid program that is one of emphasis promotion strategic project by 2007 'Science.Technology.Cultural Project Plan', raises status of scientific technique by national core ability because all people expand base that understand and support scientific technique, and forms a social atmosphere which is scientific technique is important which scientific technique can be spread widely on national life and society whole, and proceeds target that expand local science museum facilities by a base of local science culture spreading and popularization. Accordingly, to plan balanced regional development and utilize to an advanced base of local science culture spreading because offer a science culture experience opportunity to local inhabitants, 'Local theme science museum' project is doing for that establish more 100 science museums for national.public.private institution in whole country until 2012 year. Support 39 projects to 2008 from 1999 thereby, in January, 2009, 13 'Local theme science museum' is opened and operated. This study examined arrangement preferentially about 'Science.Technology.Cultural Project Plan' that is background of 'Local theme science museum' project. Since surveying science museum which is on opening and operation at the present and analyzed actual conditions and facilities and investigated specification necessity and direction of 'Local theme science museum'. Hereafter, to seek plan for propriety of project by characteristic and difference of 'Local theme science museum' is purpose of this study. Now, need set and promotion of following specification direction for right activation of proceeding 'Local theme science museum' by each area. First, differentiation of theme and justifiability of building, Second, propriety of site position, Third, maximization of synergy effect by mixing concept of 'Specialized Economic Zone for Regional Developmental Policy' and Ecomuseum's 'Theme center'.

• Environmental Sciences Bulletin of The Korean Environmental Sciences Society
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.135-138
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• 1998

This area is plant-geographically located at the Temperate Subtropical Zone and Evergreen Broad Leaf Zone which is included in the sea of southern area of the Korean Peninsula. The Japanese black pine is the most common tree in this area. The sorts of trees that are living in this area Camellia, Alder, Oak, Acorn. It is reported that this area is located at the Evergreen Broad Leaf Zone of Korean Peninsula that is living in the southern sea. The construction place was originally a grassy place. About 40 familly 100 species different plants were living at this area. The most common animals were the Rodents and the most common birds were the Colombiformes.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.1064-1071
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• 1994

There are three active radicals which become to the scale of flame diagnostics at the flame front. They are OH, CH and $C_2$ radical. For this, optical measurement system which could monitor simultaneously the luminous waves of three radicals, was constructed. These were analyzed statistically into the cross correlation, coherence and phase. Through such an statistical treatment, combustion characteristics was investigated at the primary zone of gas turbine combustor. The local equivalence ratio was predicted with the ratio of luminuous intensity between CH and $C_2$ radical. This result was matched up to the equivalence ratio calculated from gas composition within 5% error. In general, equivalence ratio was said to be 1.0 at flame front, but it could be increased up to about 1.2 depending on the degree of swirl intensity in case of changing properly the air amount of primary zone.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.17-38
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• 2006

This paper suggests the development device of Busan-Jinhae free Economic Zone(BJFEZ) to strengthen the competitiveness of the Port of Busan and promote the regional development in Busan. It deals with the securable feasibility of necessary sites and development costs and financial resources, the foreign investments figure, and the structure of the BJFEZ Authority. In addition, to evaluate the background, process, and contents of 'Special Purpose Local Government', the paper looks into the amendment proposal of 'Act on designation and management of free economic zones' suggested by the central government from the regional view of point. As proposals to promote and activate BJFEZ, it is recommended in the paper that it is required, first, to draw the detailed political methods to guarantee sound and sustainable development project and investment environment in accordance with regional characteristics prior to marketing, second, to develop and implement differentiated policy means to facilitate foreign investment, third, to strengthen specialty of the BJFEZ authority, and finally, to set up the supporting role and cooperation of both the central and local governments.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2004.11c
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• pp.641-643
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• 2004

Liquid Zone Control System controls the power of heavy water reactor. Changing the level of each zone compartment regulates one local zone power of 14 zone powers, iud the level is limited less than 90% by the control algorithm to prevent the flood. In recent years, the level and the power was controlled oscillatory in the upper zones. To find out the condition of cycling, the zone control system was modelled with the linear difference equations and identified using parameter estimation. The pole-zero plot showed that the major pole was near the stability boundary, and the system had oscillatory characteristics in nature.