• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제99권5호
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• pp.698-705
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• 2010

The concentration of monoterpenes (12 species) was measured from spring to fall in 2008 in ambient air at six different forests located in the southern parts of Korea. Sampling - using a Solid Adsorption Tube - was conducted at 2-hour-interval a day (24 hours) of each season. The highest annual average concentration of total monoterpene was 0.715 ppbv, which occurred at Mt. Baega. ${\alpha}$-Pinene, sabinene and ${\beta}$-pinene were the most abundant compounds throughout the sampling periods and areas. The concentrations of monoterpene were higher in spring than in any other seasons. The compositions and concentrations of monoterpene displayed a distinct pattern by area. Most of monoterpenes had diurnal variations with higher concentrations during the daytime, and lower during the nighttime. This may be due to the fact that the amount of monoterpenes emitted increases at elevated ambient temperatures and increased sunlight intensity. The results of this study showed that each area had distinct monoterpene compositions, which depended on the tree species, topography and local climate at each area.

• 한국지구과학회지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.94-108
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• 2004

얼음골 주변의 지표면 변화에 따른 중규모 대기순환장에 미치는 효과를 보기위하여 수치실험을 실시하였다. 얼음골 남북 경사면에서 발생하는 순환장은 지형과 단파복사에 의한 영향으로 다르게 나타나며, 비대칭을 이룬다. 그리고 이러한 비대칭은 18시까지 계속된다. 야간의 경우, 도로건설에 따른 대기순환장의 차이는 크지 않다. 이것은 주간 단파 복사에 의한 현열플럭스가 감소하며, 현열플럭스외의 다른 요소는 크게 영향을 미치지 않는다는 것을 의미한다. 도로의 건설은 현열플러스의 증가와 관련되고, 주간의 경우, 지형에 의한 곡풍과 결합하여 도로가 없는 경우에 비하여 상승류가 강하여진다. 최대풍속은 4.67 m/s이다. 그리고 이때 도로의 위치역시 주요한 요인으로 작용한다.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.66-73
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• 2002

This landscape design proposal was presented to a design competition for the New Government Buildings of Dalseong-gun which was held by the municipal authority of Dalseong-gun in June, 2002. The site is located at 1313 Gumpo-ri, Nongong-eup, Dalseong-gun, Daegu Metropolitan City and has an area of 50,000$m^2$. The judging criteria for the landscape design set by the Dalseong-gun could be articulated as follows : an environmentally friendly design which respects the surrounding n a locale which functions as a community center of Dalseong-gun, a resting place for the welfare of its employees and visitors, and finally a place with diverse landscape elements reflecting the individual identity of each facility. The main design concepts of this project could be summarized as follows : an environmentally friendly design which respects and utilizes the existing natural landscape resources, a design which features a harmony of nature with architecture and exterior space with interior space, and a design which balances esthetic form and practical function. This design consists of four major outdoor spaces ; the lawn, the entry plaza, a pine grove, and a deck area on the third floor. The multi-purpose lawn area near the main entrance area can be used for flea markets, outdoor weddings, and picnics for its neighbors. The adjacent plaza and parking lots can be unified as one space in case of large events. The entry plaza has three axes. Each of them represents the Assembly, the Administration, and the Culture. A big circle in the paving pattern unifies the three individual axes. A group of Zelkova trees was introduced to reflect local flavor. The existing pine grove was preserved as a symbolic 'park' for the Gumpo district. The outdoor amphitheatre within the grove was introduced by utilizing the existing topography, The flow of 'nature'on the deck area was designed to connect Mt. Gumkae with the 'city'. It is a comfortable resting place for its employees and visitors.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제6권6호
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• pp.56-71
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• 2003

Waste landfills have been the center of environmental problems and they must be restored due to environmental pollution, disgusting landscape, and cost of management. It is suggested that they be recycled urban space as cities expand. Specially, nonsanitary waste landfills which have no pollution prevention facilities cause serious problems. Restoring the landfills as parks and golf courses, so on makes more benefits because of cheap use land, closeness to urban area, flat topography applicable to parks and golf courses, and high land values after restoration and the changes to local recreation sites. Restoration of waste landfills is a complex, costly, and interdisciplinary work. But, the waste landfill is a manmade ecosystem. Control, restoration and postmanagement of waste landfills are very important problems. The role of vegetation prevents soil erosion, reduces soil water storage, and obstructs leachate seepage. Early restoration makes derelict lands into man park artificially geared to soil, vegetation, landforms and hydrology. But, Ideal restoration is to make stable ecosystem nature-friendly and compatible with surrounding landscape without more management. Landscape is structured hierarchically with patches and stands as small components and forms forest as large components. Therefore, landscape formation of the waste landfills needs much restoration process. There are many ecological restoration techniques for the waste landfills. Those are divided into artificial and natural methods. The artificial method is anthropogenic plantings while the natural method is to trigger and use succession processes. The most important thing in the restoration of waste landfills is to consider the final restoration objectives of each waste landfill. According to these objectives, the depth of covering layer, planting degree, and structural design should be determined. The effective restoration methods should be selected of artificial and natural options.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.137-153
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• 2013

In order to assess the effects of ecosystem and landscape in around spur dikes, this study had carried out monitoring on the changes of ecosystem and morphologic characteristics in around spur dikes that had been settled in bend of Youngcheon River. The study site was a short reach with length 190m, spur dikes were installed in March, 2008. Monitoring of the site had been started in May 2008 and had been completed September 2011. The results are as follow ; 1) Spur dikes that were installed for channel stabilization are performing effectively hydraulic functions at flooding time. 2) Spur dikes that were installed in water colliding front of river bend brought about sediment deposition between those and formed pools around front of those. Therefore, it was verified to create various physical characteristics in the aspect of channel topography and flow consequently. 3) The survey results that was carried out in October 2008 showed to emerge 25 species of plant, 9 species of fish and 17 species of benthic macroinvertebrates, but the survey results in October 2010 showed to emerge 74 species of plant, 12 species of fish and 19 species of benthic macroinvertebrates. In particular, plant species that emerged in 2011 increased about three times more than those in 2008.

• Wind and Structures
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• 제5권2_3_4호
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• pp.291-300
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• 2002

An efficient large eddy simulation algorithm is used to compute surface pressure distributions on an eleven story (target) building on the NIST campus. Local meteorology, neighboring buildings, topography and large vegetation (trees) all play an important part in determining the flows and therefore the pressures experienced by the target. The wind profile imposed at the upstream surface of the computational domain follows a power law with an exponent representing a suburban terrain. This profile accounts for the flow retardation due to friction from the surface of the earth, but does not include fluctuations that would naturally occur in this flow. The effect of neighboring buildings on the time dependent surface pressures experienced by the target is examined. Comparison of the pressure fluctuations on the single target building alone with those on the target building in situ show that, owing to vortices shed by the upstream buildings, fluctuations are larger when such buildings are present. Even when buildings are lateral to or behind the target, the pressure disturbances generate significantly different flows around this building. A simple grid-free mathematical model of a tree is presented in which the trunk and the branches are each represented by a collection of spherical particles strung together like beads on a string. The drag from the tree, determined as the sum of the drags of the component particles, produces an oscillatory, spreading wake of slower fluid, suggesting that the behavior of trees as wind breakers can be modeled usefully.

• KIEAE Journal
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.61-68
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• 2009

Gwangju Metropolitan Government & Ministry of Environment have signed a model city in response to Climate Change agreement. The agreement calls for Gwangju to cut greenhouse gas emissions 10% below 2005 levels by 2015. Gwangju has seen this agreement as an opportunity to cut pollution and conserve the environment as well as to reinvigorate local economy. According to policy of Gwangju, Gwangju held design competition for Gwangju City Arboretum on march, 2009. The purpose of design competition was to give a wide publicity to Gwangju as Hub City of Asian Culture and construct carbon-neutral arboretum in accordance with the policy of 'Low-Carbon and Green Growth'. First of all, a design concept of arboretum is 'winding, round, overlay 'to reflect the landscape of Nam-do which is surrounded by mountains and river flows through the village. Second, the arboretum has five different places with these themes - Forest of Festivals, Health, Nature, Nostalgia, Education and Future. Each place has a symbolic theme park and different flow planning respectively. Third, the most critical point is that the arboretum is a carbon-neutral park. Gwangju arboretum will soon be developed in metropolitan sanitary landfill and constructed as the O2 arboretum based on low carbon strategy. Fourth, the O2 arboretum suggests specialized issue : 'Energy Saving', 'Recycling System', 'Green Network', 'Water System(rainwater maintenance and wetland development)'. Besides, main buildings(greenhouse, visitor center, Nam-do experience exhibition hall, and forest museum) is designed in consideration of harmony with topography character, surroundings. Also, planting will be a multilayer plant based on native landscape trees in consideration of function and the growth characteristics.

• 해양환경안전학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.99-104
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• 2009

진해만 조간대에서 서식하는 해조류 군집 구조를 파악하기 위하여 2007년에 8개 정점을 대상으로 계절별로 조사하였다. 조사기간 동안 총 45종의 해조류가 서식하였으며, 이 중 녹조류 4종, 갈조류 10종, 그리고 홍조류가 29종으로 나타났다. 우점종은 Ulva pertusa, U. conglobata, Sargassum horneri, Gelidium divaricatum, Gracilaria textorii, Polysiphonia morrowii으로 나타났다. 출현종수는 계절 및 정점에 따라 변하였다. 겨울에 가장 많은 42종이 출현하였으며, 여름에는 33종으로 가장 적었다. 정점별로는 정점 1,7,8에서 가장 많았으며, 정점 2와 3에서 가장 낮게 나타났나. 해조류 군집의 공간적 분포를 파악하기 위한 MDS 분석 결과에서는 해조류의 종조성 및 현존량이 각 정점의 물리해양학적인 특징 및 지형적인 차이에 의한 것으로 나타났나.

• 한국정보통신학회논문지
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• 제10권5호
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• pp.897-904
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• 2006

리오그랑디주에서 바이아주 남부까지 약 300 km에 이르는 길고 좁은 브라질 북동부 지역에서는 남동무역풍의 교란, 전선의 침투, 해륙풍 순환 그리고 지형과 수증기 플럭스에 기인하는 국지 대류와 같은 다양한 강수 시스템이 나타난다. 연간 총강수량은 내륙에서는 600 mm, 해안지역에서는 3000 mm의 분포를 보이고 있다. 지역 기후 평균에 5-12배의 강수량이 2004년 1월에 알라고아스주 여러 지역에서 기록되었다. 46,000명의 수재민이 발생했고, 10,000,000 US$의 재산 피해였다. 이 폭우는 $21^{\circ}W,\;12^{\circ}S$에서 형성된 UTCV가 1월 내내 브라질 북동부 지역에 머물면서 영향을 미쳤기 때문이라는 것을 GOES 적외선 영상 분석으로 알 수 있었다.

• 한국습지학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.122-131
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• 2017

위성자료는 수집이 용이할 뿐만 아니라, 지점에서 관측된 자료에 비해 보다 광범위한 현상을 표현함으로써 보다 많은 연구를 활성화하고 발전시키는데 이바지하고 있다. 하지만 한반도와 같이 지형이 복잡하고 균일하지 않은 지역에서는 연구 목적이나 방법에 적절한 공간해상도의 자료를 산정하는 것이 매우 중요하다. 본 연구에서는 정지궤도 위성인 천리안 위성의 GOCI와 MI에서 관측되는 자료를 융합함으로써 4 km에서 500m 까지 상세화하여 고해상도의 지표면 온도 자료를 생산하였다. 이를 12개 지점에서 관측된 ASOS 자료들과의 통계적 분석을 통해 그 활용성을 검증하였다. 그 결과 대부분의 지점에서 오차는 감소하고, 상관도가 증가하는 것을 볼 수 있었으며, 공간 분포 분석에서는 크게 비슷한 경향을 띄고 있으면서도 복잡한 지형을 보다 잘 표현하는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 본 연구를 통해 상세화 된 한반도의 지표면 온도 자료가 천리안 위성의 활용 범위를 보다 확장하고 다양한 연구의 기반이 될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.