• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.40 no.5
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• pp.73-87
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• 2012

Nowadays, the Korean society is full of multiculturalism as there are many foreign ethnic enclaves. Many Chinese quarters are built in various parts of Korea along with the increasing population of Chinese immigrant. Especially, the Chinese quarter has shown the sign of time and the cultural characteristic of the local residents. This research is to study the market space of Chinese ethnic enclaves in Dairimdong. This research method is the field study to use a participant observation. Below are the research results: Chinese merchants put a private object such as "tanzi" on a sidewalk and install large awning covered full of sidewalk. Sidewalk transform from an outdoor space into an internal space because of Chinese merchants. Passers-by move to use vehicle roads and transform not only the car's space but also the passers-by space. Urban planners originally classify space into three categories, which are building - sidewalk - vehicles road. However, after Chinese came to the market, Chinese classified space into new three categories which is building - space for both sidewalk and "tanzi" - space for both sidewalk and vehicles road. New classification of space is quite different from the previous. In addition, Chinese thinks that the Dairimdong's Market is a very comfortable place. Because Dairimdong Market have many Chinese physical facilities. Next, Chinese thinks that the Dairimdong Market is a very friendly place to buy Chinese products easily. This market has become a place of consumption for the Chinese. Eventually, Dairimdong's Market has changed because of Chinese immigrants. It is possible to make satisfactory planning and design proposal to build Chinese quarters in the future through the explanation of space and status by way of culture. There are many careless mistakes in previous subjective planning and design proposal of the designers. Thus, it should consider the problems created by their way of use in later planning and design.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.67 no.1
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• pp.27-40
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• 2022

Building self-sustainable rural infrastructure and environment through smart digital agriculture technology innovation is one of the major goals of the Korean agricultural administration as a part of the nation's 4^th industry revolution. To identify areas for improving and effectively investing in the acceleration of rural development, 207 experts in the areas of crop science and smart digital agriculture technology were interviewed for their opinions and suggestions on 22 questions designed to recognize fundamental agricultural issues to be addressed and solutions to advance technology innovation and rural development. Majority of the participants expected smart digital agriculture technologies to resolve major agricultural issues and help build a better rural environment. To overcome technology gaps and resolve issues more effectively, further investment in training new technology experts and building stronger agricultural technology infrastructure is urgent, and persistent and systematic support from agricultural administration appears to be the key for accelerating the process. While the leading global groups of both public and private sectors have advanced their technologies beyond the field application stage, most of the Korean technologies remain at the early pilot stage. Aging population and lack of labor in rural areas, unknown future climate change, and challenges in sustainable rural development are expected to be resolved by smart digital agriculture technologies. Technological innovations by research institutes should be promptly deployed in the crop production field, and farm training systemically organized by local technology centers can accelerate farming revolution. Standardization of equipment and data systems is another key to the success of digitalization of food crop production and food supply chains nationwide.

• KDI Journal of Economic Policy
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.71-103
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• 2009

Considering the expenditure size of public institutions centering on public enterprises, about 28% of Korea's GDP in 2007, public institutions have significant influence on the Korean economy. However, still in the new government, there are voices of criticism about the need of constant reform on public enterprises due to their irresponsible management impeding national competitiveness. Especially, political controversy over appointment of executives such as CEOs of public enterprises has caused the distrust of the people. As one of various reform measures for public enterprises, this study analyzes the effect of internal governance structure of public enterprises on their managerial performance, since, regardless of privatization of public enterprises, improving the governance structure of public enterprises is a matter of great importance. There are only a few prior researches focusing on the governance structure and managerial performance of public enterprises compared to those of private enterprises. Most of prior researches studied the relationship between parachuting employment of CEO and managerial performance, and concluded that parachuting produces negative effect on managerial performance. However, different from the results of such researches, recent studies suggest that there is no relationship between employment type of CEOs and managerial performance in public enterprises. This study is distinguished from prior researches in view of following. First, prior researches focused on the relationship between employment type of public enterprises' CEOs and managerial performance. However, in addition to this, this study analyzes the relationship of internal auditors and managerial performance. Second, unlike prior researches studying the relationship between employment type of public corporations' CEOs and managerial performance with an emphasis on parachuting employment, this study researches impact of employment type as well as expertise of CEOs and internal auditors on managerial performance. Third, prior researchers mainly used non-financial indicators from various samples. However, this study eliminated subjectivity of researchers by analyzing public enterprises designated by the government and their financial statements, which were externally audited and inspected. In this study, regression analysis is applied in analyzing the relationship of independence and expertise of public enterprises' CEOs and internal auditors and managerial performance in the same year. Financial information from 2003 to 2007 of 24 public enterprises, which are designated by the government, and their personnel information from the board of directors are used as samples. Independence of CEOs is identified by dividing CEOs into persons from the same public enterprise and persons from other organization, and independence of internal auditors is determined by classifying them into two groups, people from academic field, economic world, and civic groups, and people from political community, government ministries, and military. Also, expertise of CEOs and internal auditors is divided into business expertise and financial expertise. As control variables, this study applied foundation year, asset size, government subsidies as a proportion to corporate earnings, and dummy variables by year. Analysis showed that there is significantly positive relationship between independence and financial expertise of internal auditors and managerial performance. In addition, although business expertise and financial expertise of CEOs were not statistically significant, they have positive relationship with managerial performance. However, unlike a general idea, independence of CEOs is not statistically significant, but it is negatively related to managerial performance. Contrary to general concerns, it seems that the impact of independence of public enterprises' CEOs on managerial performance has slightly decreased. Instead, it explains that expertise of public enterprises' CEOs and internal auditors plays more important role in managerial performance rather than their independence. Meanwhile, there are limitations in this study as follows. First, in contrast to private enterprises, public enterprises simultaneously pursue publicness and entrepreneurship. However, this study focuses on entrepreneurship, excluding considerations on publicness of public enterprises. Second, public enterprises in this study are limited to those in the central government. Accordingly, it should be carefully considered when the result of this study is applied to public enterprises in local governments. Finally, this study excludes factors related to transparency and democracy issues which are raised in appointment process of executives of public enterprises, as it may cause the issue of subjectivity of researchers.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Earth Science Education
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.274-290
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• 2019

In order for the science museum to play a role as a foundation for strengthening the national creative capability, which is the core of the advanced national development paradigm, it is important to gather the capacities of the nation's science museums and establish a platform to cooperate in a shared value system. Science museum is an independent operating system, and there is a lack of strong connections among national, public and private science museums. The existing integrated collaboration system of science museums-centered can be studied first and promoted to develop programs for the free school year according to a specific topic. The same system of science museum-inclusion which link local cultural institutions or cultural places as science culture program were also studied to do the same purpose. On the basis of problems drawn from studies of integrated collaboration systems of each participating science museum, we proposed a convergence integrated collaboration systems of science museum-centered and science museum-inclusion. To this end, data were collected from practitioners of 7 representing science museums including 5 national ones. In order to suggest improvements, we also contacted five international science museums to collect the exemplary cases. Considering the regional characteristics, science museum-inclusion integrated collaboration systems considering the cultural characteristics and the science museum-centered integrated collaboration systems for free school semesters, were developed and tried by practitioners who participated in this research. It was found that integrated collaboration system can be more activated for the community. This suggests that support from the national level or at the level of regional autonomy is essential and the connection with the curriculum is necessary for the integrated collaboration system program. Finally, professional experts such as program development or commentator can be a decisive role.

• Journal of the Korean BIBLIA Society for library and Information Science
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.125-139
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• 2012

This paper aims to analyze the employment of graduates majoring in Library and Information Science(LIS) in K University, to identify problems in the employment of those graduates, and to propose approaches to improve employment. Among 178 graduates getting a job for five years from August 2006 to February 2011, 65% of them was employed, 32% was not employed, and 3% continued further study, The 116 graduates employed were analyzed. The results revealed that 40% are full-time employees and 60% are part-time workers. For workplace types, 29% worked in general companies and 16% worked in public libraries. 10% worked in school libraries and college libraries. Those who worked in administrative divisions in colleges or schools comprised 9%. Those who worked in public organizations and publishing companies/bookstores were 6% each. 5% worked in specialized libraries. In the case of duties, 38% were librarians. 30% were engaged in office work. Those in sales/administration were 7%. Tellers/salesperson comprised 7%. 5% worked as teaching assistants and 3% worked in the web or in IT related businesses. Those who worked in private institutes and product planning/design comprised 2% each. Teacher librarians, day care center teachers, secretaries, company newsletter reporters, soldiers and self-employed workers were 1% for each. As a result, the major congruence was around 40%. For the career which the (56) unemployed desired, 57% prepared themselves for employment and 21% prepared for Civil Service Examination. Those who prepared for teacher recruit examination and who weren't confirmed were 11% for each. The problems identified were high unemployment to 32%, higher employment as part-time workers than full-time workers, and major congruence of just around 40%. As the results, the study proposes that the national and local authorities should actively create jobs, make the students majoring in LIS have the opportunity to understand and experience jobs related to information science, develop jobs related to LIS on the academic level and provide guidance to graduates.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.1-10
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• 2023

This study aims to explore the significance of historic changes and cultural characteristics of landscape architecture in Korean Seowon. Seowon refers to educational private institutes that also served as Confucian shrines and were prevalent during the mid-to-late Joseon dynasty. Seowon comprised three distinct functional spaces: a shrine, a school, and a garden. The concept of Seowon's garden extended beyond designed landscapes to include the surrounding natural environment. The importance of landscape architecture in Seowon is rooted in its connection to the educational philosophy of these institutes. During the Joseon dynasty, scholars revered nature as a manifestation of Confucian ideals, and they believed that close engagement with nature was integral to self-discipline and learning. This research investigated fifteen relatively well-preserved garden in South Korea and conducted a comprehensive analysis of their gardens. The analysis revealed two key findings. Firstly, gardens in Seowon were actively designed and constructed during the early phase of Seowon culture but gradually diminished after the 17th century. This can be attributed to the shift in Seowon's purpose, with a greater emphasis on its religious function over education. Consequently, the significance and presence of landscape architecture in Seowon, which was closely related with its Confucianist education, declined. Secondly, the study explored the historical backgrounds of each Seowon's landscape architecture and found that many of them were designed or influenced by individuals who were later memorialized and deified in the Seowon's shrines. The landscape architecture created by these predecessors was carefully preserved by the faculties and students as a form of respect. Therefore, landscape architecture in Korean Seowon not only conveys the institutional purpose as an educational hub for the local society but also reflects the institute's strong relationship with the figures they worship as shrines.

• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.227-240
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• 2005

Health promotion has more comprehensive approaches in recent years. Nevertheless we accept the concept of health promotion differently, we are agree on that community is the most important field in health promotion which includes population at the aspect of health policy, individual skill and, environment. And there are a number of different approaches to health promotion. In them, 'population approaches' and 'high -risk group approaches' has the most different characteristics. 'Population approaches' is equally important or more important than 'individual approaches' for maintaining and promoting population health. Almost part of this article contents is the summary of the guideline and population strategy of health promotion in Korea, 1999 - 2005. Community based health promotion program should be reinforced, integrated, comprehensive, collaborative through efficiently utilizing community resources. Recent new orientation of community health program is integrated health program, we can find this orientation at Ottawa charter 1986. Comprehensive approaches with the determinant factors for health are essential task. Physical activity is a key health determinant. The population-health approach suggests that educating people about physical activity is not enough. Individual behavior changes are important too, but need to be balanced with strategies for environmental change. Population strategy with physical activity for health promotion should be developed through improving social and physical supportive environment, linking and integrating community resources between public and private sectors in national, regional and local level. Continuous public education and social marketing should be provided through collaborating with community physical activity organization, facilities, work-places and school for increasing concern of all the people of community about physical activity. Governments, agencies and citizens should held and participate to building movement. And the strategy that various 'active for life' program should be developed, delivered, maintained and reinforced continuously. Basically, adequate and sufficient financing, developing human resources, policies and legislation would be provided and supported fully too. At last, research development and knowledge exchange are required domestically and internationally. In Korea, we had classified the category of strategic priority of physical activity programs by environmental support, life-course approach, high-risk group approach and disease group approach for physical activity program based on community health center. Community based core programs for physical activity that includes infrastructure building and establishment of supporting environment, community campaign, health promotion education and public service announcement, physical activity programs for elderly and obesity, exercise prescription program.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.533-547
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• 1997

In periodontics, much progress was made in the understanding of periodontal disease from 1960s to 1980s and in prevention and management of periodontal disease since the end of 1980s. This presentation will discuss about the prevalence of periodontal disease, treatment need, and provision of periodontal treatment in Korea, and how we could manage the periodontal disease efficiently in the future. According to an epidemiological study in Korea, periodontal disease(including gingivitis) was present in 82% of general population and periodontitis in 30-40% in adult population over 30y and juvenile periodontitis in 0.1% of adolescents. If we consider that at least 17% of these patients may have recurrent or refractory forms, there is obviously an abundance of disease that needs treatment, As a result of increase in life expectancy, senile population over 65 y will be increased from 6% in 1996 to 6.9% in 2000, and tooth retention rate and periodontal treatment need are expected to increase. Periodontists need all the help they can get from the general dentists to control periodontal disease. As for provision, postgraduate course in periodontics started in 1957 in Korea and produced over 700 specialized dentists in periodontics. One report indicated that the periodontists as well as general practitioners did periodontal therapy on only a few periodontal patients, because of specific control by current medical insurance system in Korea. Comprehensive periodontal examination is rarely done in local dental clinic. Therefore, enhancement of periodontal care in medical insurance system and education of simplified periodontal examination such as Periodontal Screening & Recording will make dentists diagnose and manage the management of adult patients is based on the recognition that there are multiple diseases, including gingivitis, chronic adlt periodontitis, and other more aggressive forms of periodontitis, and requires the earliest possible recognition of these three disease categories. In this presentation, we discuss practical approach using PSR to diagnose, manage and refer the patients, to facilitate the separation of the simple from the complex and the predictable from the unpredictable form of periodontal diseases and to integrate diagnostic and therapeutic techniques into private practice today.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.4-23
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• 2010

Danggol, in other words the hereditary shaman, is a person who is performing the Gut(the Korean shamanistic ritual) as the job but fortuneteller simply tells someone's fortunes. Nowadays most of fortunetellers think their works are wholly managed the Gut as the holy jobs. But Generally this kinds of jobs, we think it is lower than ordinary people's level of education in the korea. Actually we can meet eleven fortunetellers who have a college diploma out of them, so we can know that their education's level is increasing gradually. On the other hand a house of fortunetellers is the place where can lead the way of our lives in the method of seeing one's past life or making predictions of someone's coming events etc. Gradually this place seems to be separated with a private home, so the most of them is managing as the monthly rent. Consequently this houses are heavily located at the Gyerim five-way crossing, the Yang-dong Dakjeonmeory street, Jungheung-dong local culture street area. Each fortunetellers have the different ways of fortune-telling because this methods are decided by their one's characters. So their fortune-telling time and its time required for a task is far different. The methods of telling it is very much different in accordance with the learning fortuneteller or spiritualistic fortuneteller. But the process of fortune-telling is common like as a preparatory stage, carrying a Jumsa(fortune-telling) stage and acting by a Jumsa stage. These steps are sequential but linked together. There are six special features of fortune-telling culture in Gwang-Ju. 1. The role of a fortuneteller and Bosal(spirit-descended shaman) runs at the same time. 2. The house of fortune-telling is doing Gutdang(ritual house)'s works. 3. Its location are heavily collectivized at the specific districts. 4. The learning fortuneteller are increasing gradually. 5. The youth are growing use in the fortune-telling house. 6. There are many person that are visiting this house because of individual problems not their family's problems.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.56 no.2
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• pp.246-262
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• 2023

This study analyzed policy implementation factors focusing on how Donuimun, a demolished cultural heritage, was digitally restored and the policy implementation process of Donuimun Gate restoration. Through this, the characteristics of the implementation process of the digital Donuimun Gate restoration policy promoted by public-private multilateral collaboration were examined and implications were sought for how institutions with different interests solved problems and collaborated in the implementation process. The research method was focused on policy implementation factors including policy executive factors, policy content factors, policy resource factors, and policy environment factors, and the process was analyzed for each detailed component. Along with literature analysis, in-depth interviews were conducted with participants in policy implementation. As a result of the study, first, it was found in the policy executive factor that the quick decision-making leadership of the policy manager and the flexible attitude of the person in charge of the government agency had a positive effect on preventing conflicts between different interest groups. Second, in terms of policy content, establishing a common goal that everyone can accept and moving forward consistently gave trust and created synergy. Third, in the policy implementation resource factor, the importance of the budget was emphasized. Finally, as an environmental factor for policy implementation, the opening of 5G mobile communication for the first time along with the emergence of the Fourth Industrial Revolution at the time of policy implementation acted as a timely factor. The digital Donuimun Gate was the first case of restoring a lost cultural heritage with AR and VR, and received attention and support from the mass media and the public. This also shows that digital restoration can be a model case that can be a solution without conflicts with local residents where cultural heritages are located or conflicts between stakeholders in the preservation and restoration of real objects.