• Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.131-142
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• 2005

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to survey the knowledge and needs of hospice for inpatients' family. Methods: This study was carried out with 277 inpatients' families at J General Hospital located in J city, Korea during the period from March to May, 2004. The data were collected through a self-reporting questionnaire constructed by the authors. The data were analyzed by descriptive statistics and $x^2-test$ with SPSSWIN 10.0. Results: 83.8% of the respondents heard about hospice mostly through mass communication. 76.9% of the respondents recognized hospice to be helpful and to provide comfort during the remainder of life and to confront the moment of death. Most of the respondents responded positively to the necessity of hospice service, and would receive hospice if necessary. 76.5% of them would consider arranging preparation for death if he/she were to be diagnosed with a terminal illness. 63.9% of the respondents wanted only to be with their family members, 31.4% wanted both the family and hospice members at the moment of death. They named the best helper among the hospice members to be the nurse. 81.6% of the respondents wanted a hospice institution to be established, 23.8% of them report that the most adequate hospice management institution would be the hospice ward in hospital. Conclusion: Consequently, most respondents wanted hospice services. So Korean society is in need of developing adequate teaching and care programs for hospice according to local needs.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.39 no.2 s.177
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• pp.111-128
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• 2006

Three dimensional crustal structure and source features of earthquake hypocenters on the Korean peninsula were investigated using P and S-wave travel time tomography. The main goal of this research was to find Vp/Vs anomalies at earthquake hypocenters as well as those of crustal structure of basins and deep tectonic settings. This allowed fer the extrapolation of more detailed seismotectonic force from the Korean peninsula. The earthquake hypocenters were found to have high Vp/Vs ratio discrepancies (VRD) at the vertical sections. High V/p/Vs ratios were also found in the sedimentary basins and beneath the Chugaryong Rift Zone (CRZ), which was due to mantle plume that subsequently solidified with many fractures and faults which were saturated with connate water. The hypocenters of most earthquakes were found in the upper crust for Youngwol (YE), Kyongju (KE), Hongsung (HE), Kaesong (KSE), Daekwan (DKE), and Daehung (DHE) earthquakes, but near the subcrust or the Moho Discontinuity for Mt. Songni (SE), Sariwon (SRE) and Mt. Jiri (JE) earthquakes. Especially, we found hot springs of the Daekwan, Daehung and Unsan regions coincide with high VRD. Also, this cannot rule out the possibility that there are some partial meltings in the subcrust of this region. High VRD might indicate that many faults and fractures with connate water were dehydrated when earthquakes took place, reducing shear modulus in the hypocenter areas. This is can be explained by due to the fact that a point source which is represented by the moment tensor that may involve changes in volume, shear fracture, and rigidity. High Vp/Vs ratio discrepancies (VRD) were also found beneath Mt. Backdu beneath 40 km, indicating that magma chamber existed beneath Mt. Backdu is reducing shear modulus of S-wave velocity.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.39 no.7
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• pp.508-512
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• 1995

A series of samples in the $Eu_{1-x}Sr_xCoO_{3-y}$ system has been prepared by heating the proper amount of reactant mixture to 1150$^{\circ}C$ under an ambient atmosphere, and the solid solutions are identified by X-ray powder diffraction analysis. The crystal system of samples for the compositions of x=0.00 and 0.25 are found to be orthorhombic whose local symmetry is similiar to the distorted octahedra with orthoferrite type one, whereas those of x=0.50 and 0.75 to be the cubic system, and that of x=1.00 to the orthorhombic similiar to be the brownmillerite type. The amount of $Co^{4+}$ ion (${\tau}$ value) is maximized at the composition of x=0.50, and the oxygen vacancies increase with the x value. The nonstoichiometric chemical formula of each compound could be determined from the mole ratio of $Co^{4+}$ ion and oxygen vacancies. The $Co^{3+}$ ion located in octahedral site has spin transition from low spin to high spin states with increasing temperature. Therefore, the effective magnetic moment of each samples obtained from the magnetic measurement is increased with the increasing temperature. The $EuCoO_{3.00}$ has strong antiferromagnetic interaction between the neighboring $Co^{3+}$ ions through the intermediate oxygen ions. With the increasing ${\tau}$ value, the absolute {\theta}_p$ value is decreased by the ferromagnetic interaction of $Co^{3+}-O^2-Co^{4+}$ and thus the {\theta}_p$ has positive value at x=0.50.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.622-628
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• 2016

As the suction pad-supporting bike carrier attached to a car may be subject to an excessive dynamic load due to random vibrations and centrifugal forces during driving, its structural safety is of great concern. To examine this, the finite-element method with a fluid-structure interaction should be used because the pressure on the pad bottom is changed in real time according to the fluctuations of the force or the moment applied on the pad. This method, however, has high computing costs in terms of modeling efforts and software expense. Moreover, the accuracy of computation is not easily guaranteed. Therefore, a new method combining the experiment and computation is proposed in this paper: the bottom pressure and contact area of the pad under varying loads was measured in real time and the acquired data are then used in the nonlinear elastic finite-element calculations. The computational and experimental results obtained with the product under development showed that the safety margin of the pad under the axial loading is relatively sufficient, whereas with an excessive rotational loading, the pad is vulnerable to separation or a local surface damage; hence, the safety margin may not be secured. The predicted contact behavior under the variation of the magnitude and type of the loading were in good agreement with the one from the experiment. The proposed analysis method in this study could be used in the design of similar vacuum pad systems.

• Journal of Korean Society of Steel Construction
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.601-612
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• 2013

In the present study, details of the TSC beam-to-PSRC column connection for low and middle seismic zones were developed. For ease construction, the top and bottom flanges of the steel section of the TSC beam were discontinuous at the joint face on purpose, while the web passes through the joint. Thus, tensile resistance of the top and bottom flanges is not considered in the calculation of nominal strength of the connection. Cyclic loading tests on two interior connections and an exterior connection were performed to verify the seismic performance. The test parameter for two interior connections was the depth of the TSC beams: 600 and 700 mm including the slab depth. The test results showed that the nominal strength of the connections predicted by KBC 2009 correlated well with the test results. The connection specimens exhibited relatively good deformation and energy dissipation capacities, greater than the requirements for the ordinary and intermediate moment frames. Ultimately, the connection specimens were failed at the story drift ratios of 3.0 to 4.0 % due to local buckling and tensile fracture of the web of the TSC beam passing through the joint. By modifying the existing provisions of ASCE, the joint shear strength of the TSC beam-PSRC column connection was evaluated.

• 모자간호학회지
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.5-20
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• 1992

This study was undertaken to identify the levels and affecting factors of the maternal role attainment(MRA) in the primipara during the postpartum period. The healthy ninety primiparous from the one university hospital and two local clinics in KwangJu city were selected and two Semantic Differential Scales (SD-Myself as Mothers, SD-My Baby) and the Pharis Self Confidence Scale were used in this study. Questionnaires were distributed at the 3rd days and the 4-6 weeks of the primiparous not showing any complication after normal delivery. The data collected were analysed statistically using t-test, Pearson's Product Moment Correlation Coefficient and ANOVA. The results obtained were summarized as follows; 1) On the 3rd day after the delivery, the scores of SD-myself as mother, SD-baby and Pharis Self Confidence were 70.6 points, 73.6 points and 78.6 points, respectively, showing the low level of MRA. 2) On the 4-6 weeks after delivery, the score of SD-myself as mother, SD-baby and Pharis Self Confidence were 72.8 points, 77.9 points, and 86.9 points, respectively, indicating the moderate level of MRA. 3) The mean scores of the SD scale and the Pharis Self Confidence during the postpartum periods were higher than those of the 3rd days, showing the SD-myself as mother (t=-2.09, P<.05), SD-baby(t=-4.12, P<.001), Pharis Self Confidence(t=-6.59, P<.001), respectively. 4) Positive correlations (r=.24$\sim$.69) were shown in the concepts related to the MRA and the cognitive-motor skill components and cognitive-affective skill components of the MRA became harmonious over time. 5) The relationships between the score of the MRA and the demographic and obstetric variables were as follows ; a) the score of the MRA in the twenties was higher than those of the thirties. b) the group with higher educational background showed higher MRA socres than the group with lower one. c) those who wanted pregnancy sustenance had higher MRA scores than those who did not. d) the group that did think of festus-feature represented higher MRA scores than those who did not. e) the group of mothers who have the daughters showed higher MRA scores than those who have boys. It can be concluded from the results that the MRA in the primiparous increased gradually, and that the cognitive-motor skills and cognitive-affective skills became harmonious over time. The level of the MRA was affected partly by the mothers general, obstetrical variables. Following suggestion were made oil the basis of the present study ; a) The longitudinal study on the MRA is needed. b) Multivariate analyses should be done for the identification of the factors influcening on the MRA. c) Education program for primiparous mother should be designed and developed to improve the MRA.

• Journal of Korean Society of Steel Construction
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• v.9 no.3 s.32
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• pp.363-375
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• 1997

This study encompasses the performance of static and fatigue test for the 8 large scale test specimens to clarify the fatigue behavior of coped stringer and the effect of the repair and strengthening on the damaged stringer of the floor system in steel railway bridges. For the purpose of the research, the actual stress wave for the existing bridge was measured, the basic stress range frequency histogram was made and the equivalent stress range was calculated. Using the result from the equivalent stress range made by adjusting the stress range, the static and fatigue test was carried out by identifying the previous rehabilitation and after. As the result of the static tests, it was revealed that the level of local stress under the S1 specimen test of the real equivalent stress range was similar to tensile strength of the test material, and it was consistent with the requirement of the initiation condition of the fatigue crack. Through the various rehabilitation methods to the damaged specimens, the effects of the repair and reinforcement were analyzed. According to the results of the repair of effect, bolting the high tension bolt over the stop hole was confirmed to be more adequate method than drilling only stop hole to delay the fatigue crack growth. Futhermore, in case of the stringer subjected by bending moment, the reinforcement over the upper flange side was determined to be a useful strengthening method, and the reinforcement to the web of the stringer was not appropriate to accomodate as a adequate strengthening method. Also it was confirmed that the category of the fatigue design for the coped stringer met with the category E specified on the fatigue design criteria of the Highway Standard Specification in Korea.

• Journal of Korean Society of Steel Construction
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.155-167
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• 2015

If of application of the deep deckting floor in long span more than 6m, the deflection caused by the construction load occurred high. Because the constructing-works and safety by this deflection, take actually supports to laborers working on the deck. However, installed supports are having difficultly such as the restricted passage, deficiency of working space, and lowering of efficiency. And toward-opening deck is seen as local buckling of web plate, flexural-torsional buckling, and gradually opening of corrugated decking. In this study, we will suggest a deep decking floor system that reinforced with both ends cap plates for toward-opneing decking change from opening to closing. The constructing deflection of a deep decking more than 6m must be satified 30mm and L/180 as proposed. Full-scale field tests loading by sand conducted a deep decking reinforced with and without cap plate. In conclusion, the specimen reinforced with cap plates have shown that to ensure the negative moment $wl^2/18$. And constructing-deflection of deep decking shown that to satisfy the evaluation value (L/180 or 30mm).

• Journal of Korean Society of Steel Construction
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.151-160
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• 2010

The number of cases of collapsed plastic greenhouses in farmlands has increased due to the heavy local snowfall caused by extraordinary atmospheric phenomena. Consequently, the economic losses of farmers have also increased. However the government policy in relation to damage pretension is insufficient and collapse case is repeated every year. The main reason for frame collapse is that the moment capacity of a steel pipe is not sufficient to resist a heavy snowload. In this study, experiments were conducted on the current frame system of a greenhouse with a tension tie. The frame consisted of two sections(${\phi}25.4{\times}1.5$, ${\phi}31.8{\times}1.5$), and its span length was 6.5 m. A temporary tension tie using a steel wire and a fabric rope was connected to the two joints, to which a curved beam and a straight column were connected. The pretension force was applied at the tension tie, and a vertical force simulating snowfall was applied until failure. The fabric rope frame increased the load-carrying capacity by 10-45% compared to the normal frame without a tension tie, and the steel wire frame increased the load-carrying capacity by 58-73% compared to the normal frame without a tension tie. Steel wire was found to be more effective as far as strength is concerned, but its connection details and pretension application are more difficult and complicated than those of the fabric rope. The test results thus show that the fabric rope is more preferable.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.161-172
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• 1997

In this paper, electromagnetic scattering by a perfectly conducting strip grating on dielectric multilayers is analyzed for the normalized reflected and transmitted power by applying the Fourier-Galeakin moment method. The induced current density is expanded in a series of multiplication of chebyshev polynomials of the first kind and functions with appropriate edge boundary condition, the continuous condition of electromagnetic field is applied in the boundary planes. The confirm the validity of the proposed method, the nor- malized reflected and transmitted power obtained by varying the relative permittivity and thickness of each dielectric layers are evaluated and compared with those of the existing numerical method and a paper, and then the numerical results in this paper are in good agreement with those of the existing numerical method and the paper. The sharp variation position in the geometrically normalized reflected and transmitted power can be moved by the incident angle, grating period, and the relative permittivity and thickness of the dielectric multilayers, these sharp variation points which are called the Wood's anomaly of the Geome- trically normalized reflected power are observed as a main factor when the reflected powers of the higher order mode are transitted between propagating and evanescent modes, and the local minimum positions are slightly moved to the left hand direction in which grating period is getting small according to the increase of the relative permittivity of dielectric layers.