• Journal of the Korean Society of Laryngology, Phoniatrics and Logopedics
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.96-98
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• 2014

Injection laryngoplasty is simple and useful procedure in patient with vocal cord paralysis even under local anesthesia. For approaching vocal cord level, flexibility of neck mobility is required to operate injection laryngoplasty but it is relatively difficult to approach vocal cord in patient who has cervical fixations. Laryngeal mask airway (LMA) can be helpful:We use a LMA (I-gel$^{TM}$) during intubation without neck extension on flat supine position under general anesthesia and have a good operation filed. LMA with swivel connector give surgeons better surgical vision and make insertion of fibroscope easily during operation. Hyaluronic acid injection was done use needle (25 G, 5 cm) via percutaneous cricothyroid space : This procedure can be useful method for patients who suffer from not only weak voice but also dysphagia and aspiration high vagal palsy patient after spine surgery or uncooperative with awake injection laryngoplasty.

• Asia Pacific Journal of Business Review
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.43-66
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• 2019

Home-based business (HBB) is one of the fastest growing form of business start-ups where the business is conducted from home. In develop economies, the HBB industry is an engine for economic growth that has proven its viability through significant contribution to the national GDP. In view of its importance, the Saudi Ministry of Commerce and Industry encourage local women to start and develop their own HBB as it gives them the flexibility while still contributing to the national economy. Although various initiatives have been taken place, little information is available about Saudi HBB. This study therefore aims to determine the factors that contribute to the growth as well as the challenges of female HBB in Saudi Arabia. The study was based on qualitative approach which adopted an in-depth interview with eleven Saudi females who run HBB. The findings revealed that HBB contributing factors comprised of access to funding, sufficiency of savings and the influence of the intrinsic and extrinsic motivation in starting the business. Meanwhile, the obstacles are government regulations and policies, culture, and home design. The study recommendations include improving banks and service institution policy and procedures to enable HBB to have access to funding and services and to develop legal policies to protect the right of the HBB operator and customers. Finally, the study also suggests future research on managerial factors that can contribute to HBB female success, the stress coping mechanism of HBB and the factors contributing to the difference between HBB in growth strategies.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Library and Information Science
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• v.57 no.2
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• pp.379-408
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• 2023

This case study reports on the redevelopment of a course, Local Culture Information Theory offered by the Department of Library and Information Science at C University, into a capstone design course using a project-based learning approach. In collaboration with a local community youth organization, the redesigned course provided an opportunity for LIS students to develop and implement a digital literacy program that enabled high school students to use a variety of digital multimedia technologies to complete a project of digital Human Library featuring video, audio, and digital are such as webtoons. Through semi-structured interviews with 5 students and 3 staff from partner organizations, this study reports on course development process, the establishment of local partnerships, project outcome, as well as suggestions for improvements. In addition, a qualitative analysis of the participating students' interview responses using the Framework for 21st Century Learning (P21) found they developed and improved 11 skills across three core areas: life and career skills including self-direction, project management, collaboration with diverse teams, flexibility, responsibility, leadership; learning and innovation skills including communication and collaboration, problem-solving, creativity, and critical thinking; and information, media, and technology skills through media creation. Lessons learned and recommendations from this case study may be useful for other LIS programs and faculty interested in implementing project-based learning or developing capstone design courses.

• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers D
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• v.55 no.2
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• pp.45-51
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• 2006

In this paper, we propose a new architecture of Information Granulation based genetically optimized Self-Organizing Fuzzy Polynomial Neural Networks (IG_gSOFPNN) that is based on a genetically optimized multilayer perceptron with fuzzy polynomial neurons (FPNs) and discuss its comprehensive design methodology involving mechanisms of genetic optimization, especially information granulation and genetic algorithms. The proposed IG_gSOFPNN gives rise to a structurally optimized structure and comes with a substantial level of flexibility in comparison to the one we encounter in conventional SOFPNNs. The design procedure applied in the construction of each layer of a SOFPNN deals with its structural optimization involving the selection of preferred nodes (or FPNs) with specific local characteristics (such as the number of input variables, the order of the polynomial of the consequent part of fuzzy rules, and a collection of the specific subset of input variables) and addresses specific aspects of parametric optimization. In addition, the fuzzy rules used in the networks exploit the notion of information granules defined over system's variables and formed through the process of information granulation. That is, we determine the initial location (apexes) of membership functions and initial values of polynomial function being used in the premised and consequence part of the fuzzy rules respectively. This granulation is realized with the aid of the hard c-menas clustering method (HCM). To evaluate the performance of the IG_gSOFPNN, the model is experimented with using two time series data(gas furnace process and NOx process data).

• Journal of muscle and joint health
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.227-240
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• 2000

The purpose of this article was to identify trend in Arthritis research and to provide ba an approach of Arthritis research. The results of analysis of 69 Arthritis articles public year of between 1970-1999 found that most articles(27.6%, n=19) were published since few(10.1%, n=7) were before 1994. Vast majority of articles(79.8%, n=55) were printed in The Journal of Rheumatology Health, and 79.8%(n=55) of those were quantitative research, 8.7%(n=6) were qualitative research, and 14%(n=1) was methodological research. 29.0%(n=20) of quantitative research were carried in experimental design and over half(50.8%, n=35) in nonexperimental design. Having concerned the types of treatment(or intervention) used in experimental study, the most common treatment was 'exercise' (45.0%, n=9), and other less common were 'self-help education(15.0%, n=3), home care(10.0%, n=2) supportive care(10.0%, n=2), flexibility exercise combined with local heat therapy(5.0%, n=1), relaxation training(5.0%, n=1). Of the types of exercise, aquatic exercise was 30.0%(n=6). The effect of exercise on outcome variable was found to be most strong among the other types of treatment. 18 articles of nonexperimental research were correlational research. From the analysis of correlational research, 29 concepts were identified, and the relationship between depression and other variable were strongly reported. In descriptive studies, most commonly physiological variables were examined in 5 articles(29.5%). Only one study(5.9%) explored patient's perception of the causal factors and those causality. In qualitative researches, two study were carried out by the means of grounded theory. Majority of those subjects were RA patients, and the largest number of sample were 23 and the smallest was 1 In two studies, patient's perceived causality of RA was identified as a research problems, and an experience of ADL, fatigue Phenomenon, an experience of having a total knee replacement with osteoarthritis were each found in one study. Methodological research was carried out to test validity and reliability of the RA Fatigue Scale.

• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.35-65
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• 2013

In December 2012, the Ministry of Land, Transport and Maritime Affairs and Ministry of Knowledge Economy held a commission and distributed a standardized logistics contract between the shipper and the logistics companies in order to spread and to promote contract standardization. With such background in place, this study examines the leading research on different types and attributions in present logistics contracts in order to propose guidelines for creating contract clauses that would lead to a win-win relationship among the parties involved in the logistics outsourcing relationships. This study further compares and contrasts the concreteness of local and international logistics contracts through case studies, and provides practical thought-provoking points on concretization of clauses on potential risks and additional expenses for local logistics companies when signing logistics contracts. Firstly, the composition and contents of both local and international logistics contracts are similar in the way that both deal with the basic principles between the concerned parties such as the following: contract terms, validity, scope of work, operational procedures, payment terms, and dispute resolutions. Secondly, for flexibility of potential dispute resolution, both logistics contracts define the definition of dispute and follow the classical contractual approach of dispute resolution through third-party arbitration. Thirdly, compared to local contracts, international logistics contracts provide more concretized and specific clauses on the occurrence of potential risks and hazards; on the other hand, compared to international logistics contracts, it seemed that local contracts contained more clauses in favor of the shipper. This research then suggests ideas to eliminate the classic tradition - logistics companies enduring the damages that occur as a result of the structural differences between the shipper and the logistics companies - through efforts to actively negotiate in advance the predictable problems and risks and by reflecting the mutually agreed points in the contract, and further offers guidelines on contract concretization for distribution of standardized logistics contracts in the future.

• Journal of the Korean Arthroscopy Society
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.79-86
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• 2012

The conservative treatment for impingement and rotator cuff tear includes rest, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), local steroid injection and physiotherapy depending on the purpose to relieve the pain and inflammation, in addition, stretching exercise to recover flexibility and strengthening exercise to recover the function could be used. When these conservative treatments are divided into multiple steps, the first one contains pain relief, modification of daily activity and stretching exercise. Second step includes strengthening exercise of the anterior/posterior cuff and peri-scapular muscles and eventually. The third step includes training program to return to job, housework and hobby activities and maintain. Thus, the key of these step wise approach for the treatment of impingement and rotator cuff tear is exercise program. Understanding of various exercise program and apply to the patients properly is most important for the conservative treatment of impingement and cuff tear.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.137-145
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• 2002

Water flow simulations for environmental problems often require local detailed analyses for better understanding and accurate prediction of the fate of pollutant in water bodies. This study deals with the development and application of a two-dimensional flow an dispersion model to the coastal water area to find out possible changes due to the wide port development plan. As far as the spatial discretization is concerned, the finite element method is attractive because of its flexibility and ability to naturally treat complex coastal geometries. The model uses finite element theory and the Galerkin weighted-residual approach as its basis. Developed model is applied to the Busan New harbor Construction site. Results from the model were compared with the measured water level and flows in four stations. The flow pattern by the model shows to be similar to the observed data away from the construction site where the flow is not affected. From the simulation results, it is concluded that the model may be useful for numerous other studies for planning and management purposes, especially flow and pollution dispersion in the coastal water bodies where the flow is so complicated.