• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Near Infrared Spectroscopy Conference
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• 2001.06a
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• pp.1121-1121
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• 2001

A previous study (Berzaghi et al., 2001) evaluated the performance of 3 calibration methods, modified partial least squares (MPLS), local PLS (LOCAL) and artificial neural networks (ANN) on the prediction of the chemical composition of forages, using a large NIR database. The study used forage samples (n=25,977) from Australia, Europe (Belgium, Germany, Italy and Sweden) and North America (Canada and U.S.A) with reference values for moisture, crude protein and neutral detergent fibre content. The spectra of the samples were collected using 10 different Foss NIR Systems instruments, only some of which had been standardized to one master instrument. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the behaviour of these different calibration methods when predicting the same samples measured on different instruments. Twenty-two sealed samples of different kind of forages were measured in duplicate on seven instruments (one master and six slaves). Three sets of near infrared spectra (1100 to 2500nm) were created. The first set consisted of the spectra in their original form (unstandardized); the second set was created using a single sample standardization (Clone1); the third was created using a multiple sample procedure (Clone6). WinISI software (Infrasoft International Inc., Port Mathilda, PA, USA) was used to perform both types of standardization, Clone1 is just a photometric offset between a “master” instrument and the “slave” instrument. Clone6 modifies both the X-axis through a wavelength adjustment and the Y-axis through a simple regression wavelength by wavelength. The Clone1 procedure used one sample spectrally close to the centre of the population. The six samples used in Clone 6 were selected to cover the range of spectral variation in the sample set. The remaining fifteen samples were used to evaluate the performances of the different models. The predicted values for dry matter, protein and neutral detergent fibre from the master Instrument were considered as “reference Y values” when computing the statistics RMSEP, SEPC, R, Bias, Slope, mean GH (global Mahalanobis distance) and mean NH (neighbourhood Mahalanobis distance) for the 6 slave instruments. From the results we conclude that i) all the calibration techniques gave satisfactory results after standardization. Without standardization the predicted data from the slaves would have required slope and bias correction to produce acceptable statistics. ii) Standardization reduced the errors for all calibration methods and parameters tested, reducing not only systematic biases but also random errors. iii) Standardization removed slope effects that were significantly different from 1.0 in most of the cases. iv) Clone1 and Clone6 gave similar results except for NDF where Clone6 gave better RMSEP values than Clone1. v) GH and NH were reduced by half even with very large data sets including unstandardized spectra.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.341-350
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• 2017

Based on the super elastic properties of the shape memory alloy (SMA) and the inverse piezoelectric effect of piezoelectric (PZT) ceramics, a kind of hybrid semi-active control device was designed and made, its mechanical properties test was done under different frequency and different voltage. The local search ability of genetic algorithm is poor, which would fall into the defect of prematurity easily. A kind of adaptive immune memory cloning algorithm(AIMCA) was proposed based on the simulation of clone selection and immune memory process. It can adjust the mutation probability and clone scale adaptively through the way of introducing memory cell and antibody incentive degrees. And performance indicator based on the modal controllable degree was taken as antigen-antibody affinity function, the optimization analysis of damper layout in a space truss structure was done. The structural seismic response was analyzed by applying the neural network prediction model and T-S fuzzy logic. Results show that SMA and PZT friction composite damper has a good energy dissipation capacity and stable performance, the bigger voltage, the better energy dissipation ability. Compared with genetic algorithm, the adaptive immune memory clone algorithm overcomes the problem of prematurity effectively. Besides, it has stronger global searching ability, better population diversity and faster convergence speed, makes the damper has a better arrangement position in structural dampers optimization leading to the better damping effect.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.507-517
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• 1996

To explain the horizontal expansion of a rhizomatous perennial, Convallaria keiskei(lily-of-the-valley), in a study site of Chunchon, Kangwon Province, Korea, ramet growth and clonal structure were studied. Remarkable growth stategies were clarified. First, the timing for the successive phenological events such as sprouting. flowering and rhizome growth for lily-of-the-valley was fitted to exploit early spring when the canopy of overstory was opened. Second, these events were supported by effective matter allocation pattern: for example, two-year investment for new rhizomes enabled the first year ramets to mature in six weeks after sprouting and to grow up to 85% of the leaf area of perennial ramets. Finally, the ramet population was increased by local disturbances such as freezing, herbivory and collection by human. The rule that a clone was supposed to produce one new thizome per year was broken by occasional disturbances. Then, up to 5rhizomes from latent bur could be redeveloped. Based on clonal structure, 80% or total clones have from 1 to 4 ramets. this means there have occurred minor disturbances. Therefore, in conclusion, the successful flourishing of lily-of-the-valley came from its effective frowth strategy to take advantage of site disturbance.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.49-55
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• 1996

We have studied the DNA of Allium sativum L. with respect to highly repetitive sequences. Fast reassociated DNA fragments expected to be highly repetitive sequences based on $C_{o}t$ curve were isolated and characterized. Their copy numbers were approximately $10^{5}~10^{7}$ per haploid genome. Nucleotide sequences analysis of six candidates reveals that their G/C content were low, 25-40% and typical patterns of repeating sequences exist. Repeat sequences were used as probes to access restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) of genomic DNAs of four local clones, Tanyang, Mungyong, So san, and Uisong. The hybridization pattern were very similar among these four local clones.clones.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.259-264
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• 1993

The experiment was carried out to investigate Insecticide susceptibility of the spiraea aphid (Aphis citricola) in apple orchards In Korea, using dipping method. Although insecticIde susceptibility vaned with local and seasonal populations, the susceptibility to demeLon S-rnethyl and phosphamidons was different from that Lo the other insecticides. The LCso values were 10 ppm for deltamethrin and chloropyrifos, 103 ~ 629 ppm for demeton S-methy1, acephate, phosphamidon, monocrotophos and vamldothion, 12,200 ppm for EPN, and 1,745 ppm for pirimicarb. 'When Insecticide susceptibility was compared between the S-clone selected from a population on the host plant spiraea and the R-clone selected from a population on the apple tree, the resistance ratio as expressed by RIS ratio of $LC_{50}$ was 78 for phosphamidon and 546 for pirimicarb. Esterase zymogram determined by the agar gel electrophoresIs revealed a significant difference between the clones. The activity of the E2, E5, E6 and E7 of the R-clone was higher than that of the S-clone, It is suggesLed that the Increased esterase activity may be involved in the mechanism of insecticide resistance in the spiraea aphid, although the involvement of other factor(s) may not be ruled out.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.2485-2492
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• 2018

The rapid development of large-scale integrated circuits has brought great challenges to the circuit testing and diagnosis, and due to the lack of exact fault models, inaccurate analog components tolerance, and some nonlinear factors, the analog circuit fault diagnosis is still regarded as an extremely difficult problem. To cope with the problem that it's difficult to extract fault features effectively from masses of original data of the nonlinear continuous analog circuit output signal, a novel approach of feature extraction and dimension reduction for analog circuit fault diagnosis based on wavelet packet decomposition, local linear embedding algorithm, and clone selection algorithm (WPD-LLE-CSA) is proposed. The proposed method can identify faulty components in complicated analog circuits with a high accuracy above 99%. Compared with the existing feature extraction methods, the proposed method can significantly reduce the quantity of features with less time spent under the premise of maintaining a high level of diagnosing rate, and also the ratio of dimensionality reduction was discussed. Several groups of experiments are conducted to demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed method.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Plant Pathology Conference
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.143.3-144
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• 2003

A Korean isolate of Pepper mild mottle virus (PMMoV-Kr) was isolated from a diseased pepper crop in Chunchon, Korea. The isolate was biologically purified on Nicoticaa tabacum cv. Xanthi-nc by successive single local transfer steps, and propagated on N. tabacum cv. Samsun. PMMoV-Kr could systemically infect on N. glauca, N. benthmiana, N. occidentalis and Lycopersicon esculentum, which is typical of known isolates of PMMoV. PMMoV-Kr belongs to the pathotype P1,2 based on pepper-tobamoviral indicator experiments; Capsicn chinone harboring L3 gene revealed resistant (necrotic local lesion on inoculated leaf, HR) whereas L+, L1 and L2 pepper plants expressed susceptible reactions of mosaic systemic symptoms for the isolate. To confirm the pathology and delineate symptom determinant of the isolate, full-length cDNAs of PMMoV-Kr were amplified by RT-PCR with a primer set corresponding to the 5'- and 3'-ends of PMMoV. The RT-PCR molecules amplified from genome RNA of the isolate was cloned into the pUC18 vector. Full-length cDNA clones constructed under the control of the T7 RNA promoter could be successfully transcribed to produce in vitro transcript RNA. Infectivity of the capped transcripts and its progeny virus was verified by Western blot and RT-PCR analyses.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.77-85
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• 2009

Pseudomonas fluorescens strain Gpf01, isolated from ginseng rhizosphere showed antiviral activity against Cucumber mosaic virus, when tested in a local host of CMV, Chenopodium amaranticolor. Transposon mutant library of Gpf01 was prepared using pGS9::Tn5 and the mutant Gpf01-RS19 was found to loose antiviral production. We developed primers from the flanking region of Tn5 and found a cosmid clone pAV1123, harboring 1.2 kb antiviral compound producing (avcf01) locus. When a sub-clone pPH9, which carried 9.3 kb region of pAV1123, was introduced into antivirus deficient P. fluorescens wild type strain B16, it exhibited antiviral activity. Using Tn3-gus mutagenesis and complementation analysis, it was found that the genes related to antiviral activity production resided in a 9.3 kb HindIII-HindIII fragment of pAV1123, indicating that the plasmid carries an essential genes promoting antiviral activity.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.151-157
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• 1999

Purpose : By sequencing the Erpressed Sequence Tags of human 걸ermal papilla CDNA library, we identified a clone named K872 of which the expression decreased during differentiation of HL6O cell line. Materials and Methods : K872 plasmid DNA was isolated according to QIA plasmid extraction kit (Qiagen GmbH, Germany). The nucleotide sequencing was performed by Sanger's method with K872 plasmid DNA. The most updated GenBank EMBL necleic acid banks were searched through the internet by using BLAST (Basic Local Alignment Search Tools) program. Nothern bots were performed using RNA isolated from various human tissues and cancer cell lines. The gene expression of the fusion protein was achieved by His-Patch Thiofusicn expression system and the protein product was identified on SDS-PAGE. Results : K872 clone is 1006 nucleotides long, and has a coding region of 675 nucleotides and a 3' non-coding region of 280 nucleotides. The presumed open reading frame starting at the 5' terminus of K872 encodes 226 amino acids, including the initiation methionine residue. The amino acid sequence deduced from the open reading frame of K872 shares $70\%$, identity with that of rat glutathione 5-transferase kappa 1 (rGSTKl). The transcripts were expressed in a variety of human tissues and cancer cells. The levels of transcript were relatively high in those tissues such as heart, skeletal muscle, and peripheral blood leukocyte. It is noteworthy that K872 was found to be abundantly expressed in coloreetal cancer and melanoma cell lines. Conclusion : Homology search result suggests that K872 clone is the human homolog of the rGSTK1 which is known to be involved in the resistance of cytotoxic therapy. We propose that meticulous functional analysis should be followed to confirm that.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.22-30
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• 2015

CSF is a major concern for the swine industry, representing currently the most epizootically dangerous disease to the species. Numerous CSFV isolates with various degrees of virulence have already been isolated worldwide, ranging from low virulent strains that do not result in any apparent clinical signs to highly virulent strains that cause a severe per acute hemorrhagic fever with very high mortality. The molecular epidemiology of CSFVs has proven to be an essential tool for effective disease control and the development of safe and effective vaccines. Therefore, this study cloned and sequenced local CSFV isolates, and conducted a phylogenetic analysis based on the E2 glycoprotein encoding sequences.The RNA was extracted from PK15 cell culture passaged CSFV isolates, the cDNA prepared, and the complete E2 gene amplified with a product size of 1186 bp. The gelpurified PCR product was cloned into a pGEMT easy vector and the positive clone commercially sequenced. Aligning the nucleotide (1119 bp) and amino acid (373) sequences with 29 reference strains revealed nucleotide and amino acid sequence identities of 82.60-97.80% and 88.70-98.70%, respectively, indicating a higher mutation rate of the field CSFV strains. The phylogenetic analysis based on the complete E2 amino acid sequences also revealed a reliable differentiation of all the analyzed strains into specific genetic groups and subgroups, plus the local isolate (CSFV-E2) was found to cluster with the CSFV subgroup 2.2. Thus, the full-length E2 cds proved to be most suitable for a reliable and statistically significant phylogenetic analysis of CSFV isolates.