• 한국학교ㆍ지역보건교육학회지
• /
• 제14권3호
• /
• pp.89-99
• /
• 2013

Objectives: This study was designed to examine the effects of oral health behaviors and use of dental clinics on periodontal diseases in women, the purpose of this study is to provide basic information to develop program for dental health promotion in young women. Methods: We conducted a survey targeting 486 women that agreed with the survey and were going to dental clinic from October 1, 2013 to October 18, 2013. We surveyed them by self-administered questionnaire and analyzed it by SPSS Win 19.0 program. Results: 1. For differences in periodontitis according to general characteristics, if th age is high, ratio of periodontitis is high. Married woman is higher than single one in ratio of periodontitis. Also the more number of birth, the higher ratio of periodontitis is.(p<.05) 2. For differences of periodontitis by dental care behavior, ratio of periodontitis of non-smokers is significantly low. For one that brush one's teeth broadside, the ratio of periodontitis is high.(p<.05) 3. For differences of periodontitis by use of dental clinic service, ratio of periodontitis of one that have more times visit to a dental clinic, more annual average cost for dental care, and regular dental check-ups is relatively low.(p<.05). 4. For determinant factors influencing on periodontitis, ratio of periodontitis of one that is old, have more stress, have a low level of education, and have preventive dental care is high. Ratio of periodontitis of one that have less toothbrushing and brush one's teeth after having lunch or a snack and before sleeping is significantly low. Conclusions: From this study, dental health behavior as the factor influencing on periodontitis of young women is statistically meaningful. Because this dental health behavior has a lot of potential to be improved by government and local community efforts such as education and social support, we think that systematic and various educational program development is needed to strengthen self dental care ability effectively with policy support.

• 한국재료학회지
• /
• 제10권2호
• /
• pp.155-159
• /
• 2000

고주기 피로조건에서 응력진폭은 항복점이하의 응력이므로 변형은 일반적으로 탄성적이다. 만약 변형이 완전히 탄성적이라면 피로는 생겨나지 않을 것이다. 그러나 이는 항복점의 개념과 항복점 아래에서의 순수탄성변형의 가정을 과도하게 단순화한 것이다. 인장실험 시 시편 전체가 파괴 절차를 따르는 반면, 고주기 피로실험에서는 국부적 영구 슬립띠가 파괴절차를 따른다. 그러나 두 경우에서 파괴 전변형영역의 단위체적 당 변형의 축적은 두 재료가 동일하기 때문에 국부적으로 동일하다. 미소 소성변형이나 Luders band, 탄성영역에서의 인장실험곡선의 기울기변화는 재료속에 포함된 경도가 높은 침입형 또는 침탄형 원자의 구름에 기인한다. 이들이 구름운동(Rolling movement)을 일으켜 다음 격자로 이동하면 소성변형이 발생되는 반면, 완전히 구르지 못하고 제자리로 되돌아오는 운동을 반복하는 경우가 바로 피로한계인다.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
• /
• 제31권4호
• /
• pp.225-232
• /
• 2001

The present study was carried out to observe the effect of liposome dispersed gel formulation (Lipogel) on topical delivery of ascorbyl palmitate (AsP). Neutral and negatively charged MLV liposomes containing AsP were prepared with dimyristoylphosphadtidylcholine (DMPC) and dicetyl phosphate (DCP), and dispersed to poloxamer gel matrix. In the hydrolysis study in rat's skin homogenates, AsP hydrolyzed to ascorbic acid (AsA) according to the first-order kinetics with the rate constant of $2.46{\times}10^{-2}\;min^{-1}$. In the passive skin penetration study using Franz diffusion cell, lipogel systems exhibited the greater values in the flux $(J_s)$ and the amount penetrated $(Q_p)$ compared to control hydrogels containing diethyleneglycol monoethyl ether $(Transcutol^{\circledR})$ as a solubilizing agent and a penetration enhancer for AsP. The total amount penetrated $(Q_{Total})$, which is expressed as a summation of $Q_P\;and\;Q_L$, for lipogel system was about 1.4 times higher in average than that of control hydrogel. However the amount localized in the skin $(Q_L)$ was similar in both formulations. As a result, lipogel system enhanced the skin penetration of AsP, possibly due to the increase in local concentration of AsP by preferential adsorption of liposome to the skin and the enhancing effect of phospholipid in liposome composition. Moreover it was expected that the penetrated AsP would generate AsA during skin penetration by the skin esterase. In conclusion, lipogel formulation was considered as a good candidate for topical delivery of AsP.

• 한국치위생학회지
• /
• 제12권4호
• /
• pp.723-732
• /
• 2012

Objectives : This study aims to analyze the tasks, recognition and obstacles in operation of school dental clinics and to examine opinions on installation, operation and prerequisites for toothbrushing facilities. Methods : It conducted a survey t o the persons in charge at 378 school dental clinics in Korea and total 127 sheets, excluding incompletely answered data, were used for analysis by using SPSS 18.0. Results : Two regular dental hygienists visit school dental clinics 2-3 times per week and work 4-6 hours per week on average. Their tasks include oral health education, toothbrushing instruction, oral examination, sending school newsletters, and dental sealants. The obstacles of operation include excessive workload other than the work for the school dental clinic, lack of dentists, and lack of cooperation of principals and teachers in school. The persons in charge think that the chief task of the school dental clinic is the continuous oral health management, and it effectively affects students' oral health improvement. Most of them were for the installation of toothbrushing facilities. They said that it will be effective in students having an adequate toothbrushing habit and their toothbrushing rate increasing higher. They thought that if the school dental clinic is changed to toothbrushing facilities, it will improve students' oral health management. The prerequisites for toothbrushing facilities are the support of manpower in charge, principal's support, and development of operational programs. Conclusions : The most effective function of school dental clinics is constant oral health management. However, when public health doctors are reduced and dental sealants get included in health insurance, the budget of local government will decrease and then it will eventually reduce the work of school dental clinics. Therefore, it is needed to enhance support for school dental clinics or install a toothbrushing facilities rather than a school dental clinic.

• Archives of Reconstructive Microsurgery
• /
• 제25권2호
• /
• pp.37-42
• /
• 2016

Purpose: Soft tissue coverage of the distal leg and ankle region represents a surgical challenge. Beside various local and free flaps, the perforator flap has recently been replaced as a reconstructive choice because of its functional and aesthetic superiority. Although posterior tibial artery perforator flap (PTAPF) has been reported less often than peroneal artery perforator flap, it also provides a reliable surgical option in small to moderate sized defects especially around the medial malleolar region. Materials and Methods: Seven consecutive patients with soft tissue defect in the ankle and foot region were enrolled. After Doppler tracing along the posterior tibial artery, the PTAPF was elevated from the adjacent tissue. The average size of the flap was $28.08{\pm}9.31cm^2$ (range, 14.25 to $37.84cm^2$). The elevated flap was acutely rotated or advanced. Results: Six flaps survived completely but one flap showed partial necrosis because of overprediction of the perforasome. No donor site complications were observed during the follow-up period and all seven patients were satisfied with the final results. Conclusion: For a small to medium-sized defect in the lower leg, we conducted the close-by islanded PTAPF using a single proper adjacent perforator. Considering the weak point of the conventional propeller flap, this technique yields much better aesthetic results as a simple and reliable technique especially for defects of the medial malleolar region.

• 한국축산시설환경학회지
• /
• 제3권2호
• /
• pp.77-85
• /
• 1997

Recently, local swine producers are rapidly adopting the indoor production system which developed in foreign countries. However, this imported system is reported as not functioning properly because of different climate conditions. The objective of this project was to investigate the environment characteristics of a windowless delivery swine building. The parameters studied were the heating and cooling loads, the daily changes of indoor temperature and relative humidity, the horizontal and the vertical distributions of indoor temperature, and the effect of mist cooling on indoor temperature. From this study, the following are founded : 1. The maximum cooling and heating loads were - 317.0kcal/㎡$.$h and 336.5kal/㎡$.$h in summer and in winter. The large loads seems to be on account of inappropriate operations of ventilating fans. 2. The daily variations of relative humidity in indoor were smaller than those in outside. Those values both in summer and in winter as relative humidities in door was lower than optimum for growing pigs, the additional humidifier might be helpful to increase the relative humidity in indoor. 3. The horizontal distribution of the indoor temperature was found to be uniform in the variation range of 1$^{\circ}C$. 4. The vertical distribution of the indoor temperature was not found to be uniform; the temperature of upper part was higher than that of slot part. 5. Average values of indoor temperature became lower by 3$^{\circ}C$ by mist cooling. But the variation of temperature was found to be larger; The middle part of the room was cooled down, but the corner part of the room was not affected by misting due to uneven nozzle configuration.

• 한국측량학회지
• /
• 제16권2호
• /
• pp.149-158
• /
• 1998

본 연구에서는 GPS에 의한 2차원 실용좌표의 획득면에 중점을 두고 WGS84와 벳셀타원체간의 3차원 좌표변환에 필수요소인 지역지오이드고 모델없이 두 타원체간 투영좌표의 상호 변환모델식을 구성하여 점검점에 적용하고 실용성과와 비교 고찰하므로서 UTM투영좌표에 의한 타원체간 2차원 좌표변환의 산정법을 제시한 것이다. 인천시지역을 시험모델로 관내 11개 삼각점으로부터 상호변환계수를 도출하고 점검점인 15개 지적삼각점에 적용하여 양방향의 변환정밀도를 분석한 결과, 측지좌표의 경우 위도 및 경도성분에서 각각 $\pm0.006$초, $\pm0.013$초, 평면직교좌 표의 경우는 남북 및 동서방향에서 각각 $\pm{17cm}$ 및 $\pm{30.0cm}$의 표준편차로 변환할 수 있었다. 또한, 남한지역을 대상으로 한 광역망, 경인.충남지역의 지역망 및 인천지역의 국소망으로부터 3-매개변환, 7-매개변환 및 UTM좌표간 변환계수를 각각 산출하여 점검점에 적용하고 변환넓이에 따른 변환기법별 변환특성도 고찰하였다.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
• /
• 제11권5호
• /
• pp.1829-1837
• /
• 2010

정부가 민간기업에 지출하는 연구개발비는 최근 들어 지속적으로 늘어왔다. 2008년에는 전체 공공 연구개발 지출액의 17%가 민간기업에 지원됐으며 서비스업에서 지출되는 연구비의 약 9%가 공공 연구개발비였으나 이들 지원금에 대한 평가 및 연구가 잘 이루어지고 있지 않다. 본 연구의 목적은 국내 서비스기업들의 양적 질적인 혁신활동 결과에 공공 연구개발 보조금이 어떠한 효과를 가지는지를 분석하는 것이다. 즉, 정부의 직접보조금이 서비스기업의 혁신활동을 촉진시키는지 구축시키는지를 Propensity Score Matching (PSM) 방법을 이용하여 실증 분석하는 것이다. 분석결과 정부의 보조금은 기업 최초 서비스혁신의 성과에만 통계적으로 유의한 양의 효과를 미치는 것으로 나타났으며 다른 결과지표에는 유의한 영향을 미치지 못하는 것으로 나타났다. 이는 정부의 서비스업에 대한 보조금 지급정책이 국가전체 혁신수준의 향상 및 양적인 증가에는 기여하지 못하나 기업자체의 경쟁력 강화를 위한 혁신활동은 촉진시킨다고 할 수 있다.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
• /
• 제22권1호
• /
• pp.278-290
• /
• 1997

The purposes of this study were to evaluate and compare the pulpal anesthesia induced by an inferior alveolar nerve block and that by Gow-Gates technique, and to investigate the relationship between pulpal anesthesia and intraoral soft tissue responses. After one side of mandibule was anesthetized with inferior alveolar nerve block or Gow-Gates technique using 2 % lidocaine with 1 : 100,000 epinephrine in 19 volunteers of ages between 24 and 29 (16 males and 3 females, average age 25.9 yrs.), electric pulp tests were done on the canine teeth of the anesthetized side and contralateral one before, at 1 min, continued at every 5 minutes until 60 min, and every 10 minutes until 100 min after completion of local anesthetic injection. Degree of pulpal anesthesia was classified as anesthetic failure, possible anesthesia and complete anesthesia by the criteria based on the thresholds to electric pulp test of contralateral canine and the currents of the electric pulp tester. Subjective signs on the lower lip and tongue were checked and prick-pin tests were done on the buccal gingiva of the first molar, buccal and lingual gingiva of the canine tooth at 5, 10 and 20 min after the completion of anesthetic injection. Thresholds to electric pulp test, degree of pulpal anesthesia and relationship between the pulpal anesthesia and soft tissue responses were analyzed with SPSS, paired t-test, Wilcoxon matched-pairs signed-ranks test and correlation analysis. The results were as follows : No significant differences were found in the peak thresholds to electric pulp test, in the induction time to it and in the depth of pulpal anesthesia between inferior alveolar nerve block and Gow-Gates technique (p>0.05). There was no significant relationship between pulpal anesthesia and soft tissue responses in both inferior nerve block and Gow-Gates technique.

• 한국작물학회지
• /
• 제33권4호
• /
• pp.380-385
• /
• 1988

The present study was conducted to evaluate agronomic characters of the soybean germplasm which was collected from the sites covering whole areas of southern Korean peninsula. A total of 2,748 Korean native soybeans was grouped for fruiting period and in this group frequency distribution of the important agronomic characters and relationships among the characters were determined. The results obtained were summarized as follows; The soybean germplasm was comprised of SeoulㆍKyonggi-do 7.5%, Kangwon-do 13.3%, Chungchongbuk-6.6%. Chungchongnam-do 12.3%, Chollabuk-do 10.7%, Chollanam-do 12.6%, Kyongsangbuk-do 20.8%, Kyongsangnam-do 15.3% and Cheju-do 0.6% in number of collections. Frequency distribution of the germplasm for fruiting period was 0.14% in Group I (below 55 days). 1.67% in Group II (56-60 days), 10.58% in (Group III(61-65 days), 23.18% in Group IV(66-70 days), 25.91% in Group V(71-75 days) 19.79% in Group Ⅵ(76-80 days), 15.1% in Group Ⅶ(81-85 days) and 3.6% in Group Ⅷ(over 85 days). The lines over 70 days in fruiting period were as much as 64.4% of germplasm. The fruiting period varied largely from 45 days to 91 days. Fruiting period was positively correlated to seed weight, days to maturity, days to flowering, plant height and number of branches per plant, respectively. While. it was negatively correlated to number of pods, lodging and virus infectivity, repectively, and in particular negative correlation was shown significantly between yield and fruiting period. Average yield was very high as much a 1.389kg/ha in fruiting period Group I, and decreased with increment of fruiting period, 1.400kg/ha in Group II. 1.384kg/ha in Group III. 1,299kg/ha in Group IV, 1,197kg/ha in Group V, 1,117kg/ha in Group Ⅵ, 967kg/ha in Group Ⅶ and 832kg/ha in Group Ⅷ.