• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.11-22
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• 2022

As social beings, we need to understand others' actions as quickly and accurately as possible. Action understanding can occur at many levels. We sometimes grasp others' intentions unintentionally. Other times, however, we have to expend effort to draw inferences about their goals. In the context of joint action, the joint Simon effect demonstrates that actors are influenced by the unintended representation of a co-actor's actions. This effect has been described as quasi-automatic, but it is unclear if the effect is automatic enough to be immune to cognitive load. Thus, we asked participants to complete a joint Simon task with or without a concurrent working memory task. One group of participants maintained a single digit in their mind during working memory load blocks (low-load group), while the other group maintained five digits (high-load group). As a result, the low-load group showed a joint Simon effect both during no-load and low-load blocks. In contrast, the high-load group had no joint Simon effect during either no-load or high-load blocks. These results suggest that the joint Simon effect is not an automatic phenomenon given that it requires cognitive resources. Actors in a joint task may represent a co-actor's actions in their task set, but only when cognitive resources are available.

• Journal of the Korean Geosynthetics Society
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.39-53
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• 2019

Bi-directional pile load test (briefly called 'BDH PLT') cannot be performed at loading levels where ultimate bearing capacity could be assessed in field, it is not possible to precisely determine both ultimate load and yield load and under loading. Since the load is transmitted separately to the skin and the end unlike the static pile load test (briefly called 'SPLT') and the direction of loading on the skin is opposite, such methods could have a result different from actual movements of shafts. In this study, three-dimensional finite element method (briefly called '3D FEM') analysis was conducted from results of the BDH PLT, made with barret piles, which were large-diameter cast-in-place concrete piles, and the calculated design constants were applied to the 3D FEM analysis of the SPLT to interpret them numerically and then, actual behaviors of cast-in-place concrete piles were estimated. First, using the results of the BDH PLT with cast-in-place concrete piles, behaviors of the piles made by loading upwards and downwards were analyzed to calculate load-displacement. Second, the design constants, calculated by the 3D FEM analysis and the back analysis, were applied on the 3D FEM analysis for the SPLT, and from these results, behaviors of the SPLT through the BDH PLT was analyzed. Last, the results of the 3D FEM analysis of the SPLT through the BDH PLT was expressed in relationships as {A ratio of bearing capacity of the SPLT and of the BDH PLT (y)} ~ {A ratio of reference displacement and pile circumference (x)}, and they were all classified by reference displacement at 10.0 mm, 15.0 mm, and 25.4 mm.

• KIEE International Transactions on Power Engineering
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• v.3A no.3
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• pp.161-167
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• 2003

This paper presents a study performed to investigate the steady-state operational strategies of UPFCs in the Jeollanam-Do system in Korea. The objective of the study was to determine the UPFC operating points under normal and contingency conditions. The study consists of developing load flow models to simulate different load levels with and without UPFCs in the system, assessing the effectiveness of UPFCs by contingency analysis, and introducing optimal corrective actions for removing voltage problems caused by contingencies. The paper describes analytical tools, models and approach. It also includes analysis and discussion of the study results. The paper contributes to the area of transmission operational studies with FACTS applications.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.493-516
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• 2004

This paper addresses the behavior and strength of structural walls with a concrete compressive strength exceeding 69 MPa. This information also enhances the current database for improvement of design recommendations. The objectives of this investigation are to study the effect of axial-load ratio on seismic behavior of high-strength concrete flexural walls. An analysis has been carried out in order to assess the contribution of deformation components, i.e., flexural, diagonal shear, and sliding shear on total displacement. The results from the analysis are then utilized to evaluate the prevailing inelastic deformation mode in each of wall. Moment-curvature characteristics, ductility and damage index are quantified and discussed in relation with axial stress levels. Experimental results show that axial-load ratio have a significant effect on the flexural strength, failure mode, deformation characteristics and ductility of high-strength concrete structural walls.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.23-30
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• 2016

This paper discusses the optimization of friction stir spot welding (FSSW) process parameters for joining Aluminum alloy (AA6061-T6) with Magnesium alloy (AZ31B) sheets. Prior to optimization an empirical relationship was developed to predict the Tensile Shear Fracture Load (TSFL) incorporating the four most important FSSW parameters, i.e., tool rotational speed, plunge rate, dwell time and tool diameter ratio, using response surface methodology (RSM). The experiments were conducted based on four factor, five levels central composite rotatable design (CCD) matrix. The maximum TSFL obtained was 3.61kN, with the tool rotation of 1000 rpm, plunge rate of 16 mm/min, dwell time of 5 sec and tool diameter ratio of 2.5.

• KCI Concrete Journal
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.130-137
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• 2002

It is known that lap splice in the longitudinal reinforcement of reinforced concrete(RC) bridge columns is not desirable for seismic performance, but it is sometimes unavoidable. Lap splices were practically located in the potential plastic hinge region of most bridge columns that were constructed before the adoption of the seismic design provision of Korea Bridge Design Specification on 1992. The objective of this research is to evaluate the seismic performance of reinforced concrete(RC) bridge piers with lap splicing of longitudinal reinforcement in the plastic hinge region, to develop the enhancement scheme of their seismic capacity by retrofitting with glassfiber sheets, and to develop appropriate limited ductility design concept in low or moderate seismicity region. Nine test specimens in the aspect ratio of 4 were made with three confinement ratios and three types of lap splice. Quasi-static test was conducted in a displacement-controlled way under three different axial load levels. A significant reduction of displacement ductility ratios was observed for test columns with lap splices of longitudinal steels.

• Fibers and Polymers
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.31-37
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• 2002

Most fibers are irregular, and they are often subjected to combined loading conditions during processing and enduse. In this paper polyester and wool fibers under the combined tensile and torsional loads have been studied for the first time using the finite element method (FEM). The dimensional irregularities of these fibers are simulated with sine waves of different magnitude and frequency. The breaking load and breaking extension of the fibers at different twist or torsion levels are then calculated from the finite element model. The results indicate that twist and level of fiber irregularity have a major impact on the mechanical properties of the fiber and the effect of the frequency of irregularity is relatively small.

• Magazine of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.123-133
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• 1992

확률이론을 이용한 구조물 신뢰성에 관한 연구가 최근 급속히 발달함과 동시에 구조물의 저하능력과 작용하중들의 확률적 특성들에 대한 인식이 제고됨에 따라 여러나라에서 확률이론에 근거한 설계규준이 개발되고 있다. 작용하중이나 구조저항력의 확률적 특성을 보이고 있기 때문에 외국의 설계규준을 직접 도입하는 것은 여러 가지 문제점이 있으며, 따라서 국내현실에 적합한 설계규준에 대한 연구가 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 국내 철근콘크리트 구조물의 합리적인 설계규준을 제시하기 위하여 국내에서 수집\ulcorner분석된 구조부재강도 및 작용하중의 확률적 모형을 이용하여 현행 설계규준에 내포된 신뢰도를 검정하고 나아가 최적하중계수를 분석하였다.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.15 no.9
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• pp.1979-1984
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• 2011

This paper proposes the green platform of implementing the DC system in a house. The architecture is designed to be the platform that merges modern loads, energy sources and bidirectional devices. Converting all voltage levels and systems into DC and supplying directly to the load improves efficiency of the system. We propose the implementation steps that can be done by modifying current technologies.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2008.04c
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• pp.98-102
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• 2008

Methods and analysis of a simple wireless sensor concept for detecting and locating faults as well as for load monitoring are presented. The concept is based on distributed wireless sensors that are attached to the incoming and outgoing power lines of secondary substations. A sensor measures only phase current characteristics of the wire it is attached to, is not synchronized to other sensors and does not need configuration of triggering levels. The main novelty of the concept is in detecting and locating faults by combining power distribution network characteristics on system level with low power sampling methods for individual sensors. This concept enables the sensor design to be simple, energy efficient and thus applicable in new installations and for retrofit purposes in both overhead and underground electrical distribution systems.