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Development of ADWHM(Advanced Digital Watt-Hour Meter) for Remote Management of Distribution Systems (배전원격관리를 위한 차세대 디지털 적산전력계 개발)

  • 고윤석;윤상문;서성진;강태규
    • The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers A
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    • v.53 no.6
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    • pp.316-323
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    • 2004
  • This paper develops an ADWHM(Advanced Digital Watt-Hour Meter) which integrates and implements the voltage management data record function and the load management data record function in the electronic watt-hour meter. ADWHM is developed based on PIC16F874 which is 8bit micro-controller of RISK type for the easy of programing and maintenance, and electronic power signal processing module is located at front of it to reduce the computing load of processor. Also, a 16kbyte EEPROM is used to record the voltage management data and load management data for a week as well as watt-hour data and USART communication mode is used to transfer data from ADWHM to PC. The accuracy of the voltage and unt measuring for ADWHM is verified by identifying the LCD display values of the ADWHM after the voltage signals of id levels from digital function generator is applied to PT(Potential Transformer) and CT(Current Transformer) output under state which it is separated from real power line. On the its basic functions such as watt-hour data recording function, voltage management data recording function and load management data recording function was verified by showing data for three days among the collected data to PC by RS232C communication from ADWHM which was connected to real power lines for a week.

Experimental behaviours of steel tube confined concrete (STCC) columns

  • Han, Lin-Hai;Yao, Guo-Huang;Chen, Zhi-Bo;Yu, Qing
    • Steel and Composite Structures
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    • v.5 no.6
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    • pp.459-484
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    • 2005
  • In recent years, the use of steel tube confined concrete (STCC) columns has been the interests of many structural engineers. The present study is an attempt to study the monotonic and cyclic behaviours of STCC columns. For the monotonic behaviours, a series of tests on STCC stub columns (twenty one), and beam-columns (twenty) were carried out. The main parameters varied in the tests are: (1) column section types, circular and square; (2) tube diameter (or width) to thickness ratio, from 40 to 162, and (3) load eccentricity ratio (e/r), from 0 to 0.5. For the cyclic behaviours, the test parameters included the sectional types and the axial load level (n). Twelve STCC column specimens, including 6 specimens with circular sections and 6 specimens with square sections were tested under constant axial load and cyclically increasing flexural loading. Comparisons are made with predicted column strengths and flexural stiffness using the existing codes. It was found that STCC columns exhibit very high levels of energy dissipation and ductility, particularly when subjected to high axial loads. Generally, the energy dissipation ability of the columns with circular sections was much higher than those of the specimens with square sections. Comparisons are made with predicted column strengths and flexural stiffness using the existing codes such as AIJ-1997, AISCLRFD- 1994, BS5400-1979 and EC4-1994.

Factor Analysis on Exhaust Gas Emissions of Small DI Diesel Engine (직접분사식 소형 디젤엔진의 배기배출물에 대한 인자분석적 고찰)

  • JANG, Se-Ho;KIM, Yeong-Sik
    • Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
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    • v.29 no.2
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    • pp.586-592
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    • 2017
  • This study analyzed the effect of four control factors, RPM, load, EGR rate and cooling water temperature on the exhaust emissions of the small DI diesel engine. The amount of NOx and smoke emissions were measured through experiments for three levels of four control factors according to orthogonal array table, and the effect of four factors on NOx and smoke emissions was analyzed quantitatively. The main results obtained in this study are summarized as follows: 1. RPM, load and EGR rate have a great influence on NOx and smoke emissions, and the effect of cooling water temperature is negligible. 2. As RPM and load increases NOx emission increases and decreases sharply as the EGR rate increases. 3. Smoke emission decreases or increases randomly according to RPM and load, but increases sharply in proportion to the EGR rate. 4. EGR rate has the greatest effect on NOx and smoke emissions by more than 60% of contribution to variance, especially in the case of NOx emission, EGR rate represents a significant result even under the confidence level of 99% on ANOVA.

Influence of Loading on the Corrosion of Reinforcing Bar (철근콘크리트 보의 철근부식에 미치는 하중의 영향에 관한 연구)

  • 김형래;윤상천;지남용
    • Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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    • v.11 no.3
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    • pp.171-179
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    • 1999
  • The present research investigated the interaction among loading level, corrosion rate and flexural deflection of reinforced concrete beams. 10cm$\times$15cm$\times$110cm reinforced concrete beams were prepared and subjected to different levels of flexural loading, including 0%, 45% and 75% of the ultimate load. The beams with either a pre-load or a sustained load were also exposed to a laboratory environment with ponding and wetting/drying cycling at room temperature. Half cell potential and galvanized current measurements were taken to monitor corrosion process of reinforcing steel. After corrosion initiation, external current was applied to some of the beams to accelerate corrosion propagation. The beam deflections were recorded during the entire tests. The results indicate that loading level has significant effect on corrosion rate. The beams under a sustained load had much higher corrosion rate than the pre-loaded and then unloaded beams. Significant corrosion may result in an increase in beam deflection and affect serviceability of the structure. The present research may provide an insight into structural condition evaluation and service life predictions of reinforced concrete.

Damage of scarf-repaired composite laminates subjected to low-velocity impacts

  • Cheng, Xiaoquan;Zhao, Wenyi;Liu, Shufeng;Xu, Yunyan;Bao, Jianwen
    • Steel and Composite Structures
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    • v.17 no.2
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    • pp.199-213
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    • 2014
  • The damage characters of scarf repaired composite laminates subjected to low-velocity impact with various energy levels at different locations are studied experimentally. The results are compared with those of the original laminates which have no initial damage and don't need repair. The impact load-time history of the specimens, the velocity-time curves of the impactor, the post impact compressive strength of the specimens and the C-scan photographs of the damaged regions are obtained. The delamination threshold load and damage character of the specimen section at impact point are also studied. The results have shown that the impact response of a repaired composite laminate is sensitive to the location of the impact. The impact load and the delamination threshold load have shown different characters for specimens with different impact locations. The debonding characters of the adhesive and compressive strength after impact of the specimens are also influenced by impact locations.

Design and Verification of Improved Cascaded Multilevel Inverter Topology with Asymmetric DC Sources

  • Tarmizi, Tarmizi;Taib, Soib;Desa, M.K. Mat
    • Journal of Power Electronics
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    • v.19 no.5
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    • pp.1074-1086
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    • 2019
  • This paper presents the design and implementation of an improved cascaded multilevel inverter topology with asymmetric DC sources. This experimental inverter topology is a stand-alone system with simulations and experiments performed using resistance loads. The topology uses four asymmetric binary DC sources that are independent from each other and one H-bridge. The topology was simulated using PSIM software before an actual prototype circuit was tested. The proposed topology was shown to be very efficient. It was able to generate a smooth output waveform up to 31 levels with only eight switches. The obtained simulation and experimental results are almost identical. In a 1,200W ($48.3{\Omega}$) resistive load application, the THDv and efficiency of the topology were found to be 1.7% and 97%, respectively. In inductive load applications, the THDv values were 1.1% and 1.3% for an inductive load ($R=54{\Omega}$ dan L=146mH) and a 36W fluorescent lamp load with a capacitor connected at the dc bus.

Minimum thickness of flat plates considering construction load effect

  • Hwang, Hyeon-Jong;Ma, Gao;Kim, Chang-Soo
    • Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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    • v.69 no.1
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    • pp.1-10
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    • 2019
  • In the construction of flat plate slabs, which are widely used for tall buildings but have relatively low flexural stiffness, serviceability problems such as excessive deflections and cracks are of great concern. To prevent excessive deflections at service load levels, current design codes require the minimum slab thickness, but the requirement could be unconservative because it is independent on loading and elastic modulus of concrete, both of which have significant effects on slab deflections. In the present study, to investigate the effects of the construction load of shored slabs, reduced flexural stiffness and moment distribution of early-age slabs, and creep and shrinkage of concrete on immediate and time-dependent deflections, numerical analysis was performed using the previously developed numerical models. A parametric study was performed for various design and construction conditions of practical ranges, and a new minimum permissible thickness of flat plate slabs was proposed satisfying the serviceability requirement for deflection. The proposed minimum slab thickness was compared with current design code provisions and numerical analysis results, and it agreed well with the numerical analysis results.

Load Balancing Approach to Enhance the Performance in Cloud Computing

  • Rassan, Iehab AL;Alarif, Noof
    • International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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    • v.21 no.2
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    • pp.158-170
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    • 2021
  • Virtualization technologies are being adopted and broadly utilized in many fields and at different levels. In cloud computing, achieving load balancing across large distributed virtual machines is considered a complex optimization problem with an essential importance in cloud computing systems and data centers as the overloading or underloading of tasks on VMs may cause multiple issues in the cloud system like longer execution time, machine failure, high power consumption, etc. Therefore, load balancing mechanism is an important aspect in cloud computing that assist in overcoming different performance issues. In this research, we propose a new approach that combines the advantages of different task allocation algorithms like Round robin algorithm, and Random allocation with different threshold techniques like the VM utilization and the number of allocation counts using least connection mechanism. We performed extensive simulations and experiments that augment different scheduling policies to overcome the resource utilization problem without compromising other performance measures like makespan and execution time of the tasks. The proposed system provided better results compared to the original round robin as it takes into consideration the dynamic state of the system.

Analysis of the axle load of an agricultural tractor during plow tillage and harrowing

  • Hong, Soon-Jung;Park, Seung-Je;Kim, Wan-Soo;Kim, Yong-Joo;Park, Seong-un
    • Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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    • v.43 no.4
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    • pp.665-669
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    • 2016
  • Analysis of the load on the tractor during field operations is critical for the optimal design of the tractor. The purpose of this study was to do a load analysis of an agricultural tractor during plowing and harrowing. First, a load measurement system was developed and installed in a 71 kW agricultural tractor. Strain-gauges with a telemetry system were installed in the shaft located between the axles and the wheels, and used to measure the torque of the four driving axles. Second, field experiments were conducted for two types of field operations (plowing, harrowing), each at two gear levels (M2, M3). Third, load analysis was conducted according to field operation and gear level. At M2 gear selection for plowing, the maximum, minimum, and average (S. D.) torque values were 13,141 Nm; 4,381 Nm; and 6,971 Nm (${\pm}397.8Nm$, respectively). For harrowing, at M2 gear selection, torque values were, 14,504 Nm; 1,963 Nm; and 6,774 Nm (${\pm}459.4Nm$, respectively). At M3 gear selection for plowing, the maximum, minimum, and average (S. D.) torque values were,17,098 Nm; 6,275 Nm; and 8,509 Nm (${\pm}462.4Nm$, respectively). For harrowing at M3 gear selection, maximum, minimum, and average (S. D.) torque values were, 20,266 Nm; 2,745 Nm; and 9,968 Nm (${\pm}493.2$). The working speed of the tractor increased by approximately 143% when shifted from M2 (7.2 km/h) to M3 (10.3 km/h); while during plow tillage and harrowing, the load of the tractor increased approximately 1.2 times and 1.5 times, respectively.

Analytical and Field Investigation of Bridge Stress Distribution under Proof Load (기지하중을 받는 교량구조물의 현장 계측 및 해석에 따른 응력분포 연구)

  • Eom, Jun-Sik;Lho, Byeong-Cheol
    • Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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    • v.7 no.3
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    • pp.139-146
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    • 2003
  • The objective of the presented study is to develop an efficient procedure of proof load testing for existing bridges. By analytical methods, some of these bridges are not adequate to carry normal highway traffic. However, the actual load carrying capacity is often much higher than what can be determined by conventional analysis. Proof load testing can reveal the hidden strength reserve and thus verify the adequacy of the tested bridge. Proof load level required for meaningful tests should be sufficiently higher than legal load. In the state of Michigan, the legal 11-axle truck can weigh up to 685 kN. In this study, a combination of two military tanks and two Michigan 11-axle trucks was used. The proof loads were gradually increased to ensure the safety of the test. After each move, measurements were taken. For the considered bridge, stress levels were rather low compared to pre-test analysis results. This is due to incorrect material strength, structural contribution of nonstructural components such as parapets and railings, and partially fixed supports.