• Journal of Veterinary Science
• /
• 제23권1호
• /
• pp.17.1-17.10
• /
• 2022

Background: Inspection of livestock farms using surveillance cameras is emerging as a means of early detection of transboundary animal disease such as African swine fever (ASF). Object tracking, a developing technology derived from object detection aims to the consistent identification of individual objects in farms. Objectives: This study was conducted as a preliminary investigation for practical application to livestock farms. With the use of a high-performance artificial intelligence (AI)-based 3D depth camera, the aim is to establish a pathway for utilizing AI models to perform advanced object tracking. Methods: Multiple crossovers by two humans will be simulated to investigate the potential of object tracking. Inspection of consistent identification will be the evidence of object tracking after crossing over. Two AI models, a fast model and an accurate model, were tested and compared with regard to their object tracking performance in 3D. Finally, the recording of pig pen was also processed with aforementioned AI model to test the possibility of 3D object detection. Results: Both AI successfully processed and provided a 3D bounding box, identification number, and distance away from camera for each individual human. The accurate detection model had better evidence than the fast detection model on 3D object tracking and showed the potential application onto pigs as a livestock. Conclusions: Preparing a custom dataset to train AI models in an appropriate farm is required for proper 3D object detection to operate object tracking for pigs at an ideal level. This will allow the farm to smoothly transit traditional methods to ASF-preventing precision livestock farming.

• 한국축산식품학회지
• /
• 제41권1호
• /
• pp.95-109
• /
• 2021

Consumer's interest in sustainable livestock farming methods has grown in response to concerns for the environment and animal welfare. The purpose of this study is to examine the different influences of sustainability product information on sensory characteristics and purchase behaviors. To accomplish this aim, the study used salami, which is an Italian-style sausage processed by fermentation and drying. Three different types of information were provided: salami made from the pork of an antibiotic-free pig (SMAFP), of an animal welfare pig (SMAWP), and of a grazing pig (SMGP). This study was conducted as an off-line experiment with Korean participants (n=140). As a result, there were sensory differences according to the sustainability information. For the SMAFP, it had a significant difference in, sourness (p<0.05). With the SMAWP, there was a difference in gumminess (p<0.10), and the SMGP had significant differences in sourness (p<0.01), sweetness (p<0.01), andmoisture (p<0.05). Moreover, the purchase intention and willingness to pay were significantly higher when the sustainability information was given. Especially, among the three types of salamis, participants were willing to pay the most for the SMAWP. This is one of the first consumer studies to investigate sensory evaluation and purchase behavior for various types of sustainable livestock production. These results contribute by helping sustainable meat producers and marketers become aware of the kind of sustainable information to which consumers are sensitive.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제23권2호
• /
• pp.279-286
• /
• 2010

Livestock production in Vietnam is, as in most Asian countries, increasing rapidly and changing into specialized highly intensified operations. The volume of animal excreta generated exceeds the capacity of the operation land base and cannot be utilized efficiently. As a consequence, there is a loss of plant nutrients from livestock farms that causes environmental pollution. This study carried out a feed and excretion experiment measuring fecal characteristic, daily fecal production, daily nitrogen and phosphorous excretion from grower-finisher pigs fed prevalent rations in Vietnam. Furthermore, equations for assessing the excretion were tested, which can be used in farm models for optimal recycling of manure while focusing on reducing pollution. The results indicated that fecal production and nutrient excretion were affected by the different rations tested. This study showed that five selected equations for predicting excretion from grower-finisher pigs in Danish conditions can also be used with precision in Vietnamese pig farming systems. The equations have been proven valid and can, therefore, be used as a much needed tool for assessing fecal production and nitrogen in excreta on pig farms. The study also showed that about 12% of nitrogen excreted was emitted during housing. Waste water contains more than half of the nitrogen excreted, mainly in ammonium form which has a high potential for gaseous emission.

• 한국농공학회논문집
• /
• 제64권6호
• /
• pp.55-63
• /
• 2022

Odors emitted from pig houses have been a constant root of legal issues in pig farming. These gases are among the main causes of health and mental stresses to nearby communities, so policymakers and researchers continuously study to reduce the concentration of odorous gases from pig facilities. A continuous field experiment proved that the concentration of odor emissions inside the pig houses is highly dependent on ventilation rate, breeding details, and animal activities. However, the standard odor emission rate worldwide widely varies due to differences in pig house designs and ventilation requirements. Thus, this study aimed to measure the odor emission rates, considering the actual condition of selected Korean pig houses, through field measurement. The odor measurements were performed at three different pig production facilities without odor abatement technologies. The target experimental pig houses were buildings for weaning, growing, and fattening pigs. Results showed that the actual ventilation rate in target pig houses falls below the standard ventilation requirement of pigs, resulting in high odor concentrations inside the pig houses.

• 한국축산시설환경학회지
• /
• 제20권1호
• /
• pp.1-8
• /
• 2014

The study on design criteria of solid-liquid separator for dairy farms was done by testing various screens, presses, and RPMs of screw auger with remodeled screw-press type pig-manure separator. The moisture content of separated solid increase from 68.3% to 74.2% as auger rotating speed increased from 9.8 to 29.2 RPM at 34.8 kPa of pressure and 1.0 mm of slit wedge wire screen condition. The moisture contents of separated solid were 72~77%, work efficiencies were 16~18 kg/min at 1.0 mm of slit wedge wire screen. The efficiency was higher than one at 0.5 mm of slit wedge wire screen, which was used to separate for pig manure. The best work efficiency was 18 kg/min at 42.5 kPa, 1.0 mm slit screen. The separated solid moisture content was 75% at this condition.

• Journal of Veterinary Science
• /
• 제22권3호
• /
• pp.35.1-35.13
• /
• 2021

Background: African swine fever (ASF) is an infectious viral disease of domestic pigs that presents as a hemorrhagic fever, and for which no effective vaccine is available. The disease has a serious negative social and economic impact on pig keepers. There is limited information on the potential risk factors responsible for the spread of ASF in South Kivu. Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the potential risk factors associated with ASF infection in suspected ASF virus (ASFV)-infected pigs. Methods: We sampled whole blood from 391 pigs. Additionally, 300 pig farmers were interviewed using a structured questionnaire. Viral DNA was detected by using the real-time polymerase chain reaction technique. Results: The majority of pigs sampled, 78% (95% confidence interval [CI], 74.4-82.6), were of local breeds. Over half, 60.4% (95% CI, 55.5-65.2), were female, and most of them, 90.5% (95% CI, 87.6-93.4), were adult pigs (> 1 year old). Viral DNA was detected in 72 of the 391 sampled pigs, indicating an overall infection rate of 18.4% (95% CI, 14.5-22.4). Multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed several risk factors positively associated with ASFV infection: feeding with swill in pen (odds ratio [OR], 3.8; 95% CI, 2.12-6.77); mixed ages of pigs in the same pen (OR, 3.3; 95% CI, 1.99-5.57); introduction of new animals to the farm (OR, 5.4; 95% CI, 1.91-15.28). The risk factors that were negatively (protective) correlated with ASFV positivity were the presence of male animals and the use of an in-pen breeding system. Conclusion: Local pig farmers should be encouraged to adopt proper husbandry and feeding practices in order to increase the number of ASF-free farms.

• 농업과학연구
• /
• 제45권4호
• /
• pp.655-663
• /
• 2018

The insect gut microbiome is known to have important roles in host growth, development, digestion, and resistance against pathogens. In addition, the genetic diversity of the insect gut microbiota has recently been recognized as potential genetic resources for industrial bioprocessing. However, there is limited information regarding the insect gut microbiota to better help us understand their potential benefits for enhanced pig production. With the development of next-generation sequencing methods, whole genome sequence analysis has become possible beyond traditional culture-independent methods. This improvement makes it possible to identify and characterize bacteria that are not cultured and located in various environments including the gastrointestinal tract. Insect intestinal microorganisms are known to have an important role in host growth, digestion, and immunity. These gut microbiota have recently been recognized as potential genetic resources for livestock farming which is using the functions of living organisms to integrate them into animal science. The purpose of this literature review is to emphasize the necessity of research on insect gut microbiota and their applicability to pig production or bioindustry. In conclusion, bacterial metabolism of feed in the gut is often significant for the nutrition intake of animals, and the insect gut microbiome has potential to be used as feed additives for enhanced pig performance. The exploration of the structure and function of the insect gut microbiota needs further investigation for their potential use in the swine industry particularly for the improvement of growth performance and overall health status of pigs.

• 융합보안논문지
• /
• 제22권5호
• /
• pp.69-80
• /
• 2022

기후변화 및 식량자원안보가 전 세계적으로 이슈화 되어 지고 있는 지금 스마트팜은 이를 해결할 수 있는 대안으로 떠오르고 있다. 또한 1차 산업에 있어 생산 환경의 변화는 모든 1차 산업(농업, 축산업, 어업)에 종사하는 사람들의 주요 관심사 이며, 이로 인해 발생하는 식량부족 문제는 우리 모두가 해결해야 할 중요문제이다. 이와 같은 문제를 해결하기 위해 1차 산업에서는 ICT 및 BT등 4차 산업 혁명과 기술인 IoT 빅데이터 및 인공지능 기술을 활용하여 스마트팜을 도입함으로 해서 생산성 향상을 통해 식량부족 문제를 해결하려는 노력이 민관을 통해 이루어지고 있다. 본 논문은 스마트팜의 발전 및 활용, 지속 가능한 농업경영 시스템구축을 위한 스마트팜 데이터 수집 시스템이 갖추어야 할 최소요건 및 순차적인 시스템 구축 방안, 목적성을 갖는 효율적이고 활용 가능한 데이터 수집 시스템 등에 관해고찰 하고자 한다. 특히 한계에 부딪치고 있는 한국형 스마트팜 표준모델 구축을 위한 데이터수집시스템의 문제점을 농축산(양돈)분야의 심층적인 조사와 다양한 사례분석을 기반으로 분석하고 개선하여 효율적이고 활용 가능한 빅데이터 수집시스템 구축을 목표로 빅데이터 수집방안을 제안하고자 한다.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
• /
• 제23권1호
• /
• pp.30-40
• /
• 2018

To evaluate potential impacts of shallow groundwater by the leachate from buried carcass, we investigated hydrochemical characteristics of both leachate and shallow groundwater from monitoring wells and surrounding shallow groundwater wells in an area potentially affected by pig carcass burial. The hydrochemical survey was conducted before and after the relocation of a burial pit. The leachate samples and the groundwater affected by leachate showed the hydrochemistry of $Ca-HCO_3$ type with high $NH_4{^+}$ concentrations, while unaffected groundwater was mostly the $Ca(Na)-Cl+NO_3$ type due to pervasive impacts from agrochemicals. The results of factor analysis on hydrochemical data showed the followings: 1) contamination of groundwater from agro-livestock farming and livestock burial are coexisting in the study area, 2) among ionic species, $HCO_3{^-}$, $NH_4{^+}$, $NO_3{^-}$ and Mn are very useful to differentiate the groundwater contamination from leachate, and 3) groundwater contamination by leachate has been recognized around the monitoring wells even after the relocation of a burial pit, likely due to residual contaminants in surrounding soils. Therefore, it is suggested that continued monitoring of groundwater contamination should be conducted after the relocation of carcass burial pits.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
• /
• 제45권2호
• /
• pp.133-142
• /
• 2007

화학비료의 과다사용으로 환경오염의 문제가 심각해 지면서 친환경 농자재(목초재 또는 축산분뇨 등)를 사용하는 유기농업의 필요성이 대두되어 왔다. 이러한 친환경 농자재의 시용량은 작물 종류별, 토양 종류별, 계절별, 재배환경 등에 따라 결정되어져야 한다. 유기비료로서 축산분뇨량의 효율적 사용과 축산분뇨로부터의 암모니아 방출량 저감을 위해서는 먼저 축산분뇨의 경작지 시비 후 암모니아 방출모델이 제시되어야 한다. 그리고 암모니아 방출에 영향이 큰 인자들을 찾아내어 이 인자들을 변화시킴으로서 암모니아 방출량을 감소시킬 수 있을 것이다. 이 연구에서는 인공신경망(artificial neural network) 기법을 이용하여 시비된 돈분의 암모니아 휘산량을 예측한다. 유럽지역에서 얻은 암모니아 방출 실험데이터(ALFAM database)를 바탕으로, 암모니아 손실 영향인자에 따른 암모니아 방출량을 Michaelis-Menten 모델식을 이용하여 예측한다. 이 모델식의 모델인자(암모니아 최대 방출량과 암모니아 최대 방출량의 50%에 도달하는 시간)는 feedforward-backpropagation 인공신경망 기법으로 예측하였고, 가중치 분할법(weight partitioning method)으로 암모니아 손실에 미치는 총 15개의 영향인자의 상대적인 중요도를 분석하였다. 그 결과 암모니아 방출량은 기후에 따라 크게 좌우되고, 돈분의 상태도 상당한 영향을 주고 있다.