• Clean Technology
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.49-55
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• 2003

The generation of livestock wastewater in Korea amounts to $130,000m^3/day$, 0.43% of the total waste water volume, but which corresponds to 8.6% of total BOD loading. Furthermore this wastewater contains a large amount of nitrogen and phosphorus that are major causes of eutrophication in rivers and lakes. The average volume of livestock wastewater in a Korea's single farm is only $2.5m^3/day$, which necessitates development of a simple and economical process for the removal of nitrogen and phosphorus. Introduction of filtration method removes more than 90% of suspended solids. Subsequent application of reverse osmosis removes more then 95% of total nitrogen and phosphorus in the wastewater. The effluent of this treatment will yield less than 200 mg/L of total nitrogen and 1 mg/L of total phosphorous, which are lower than 260 mg/L of total N and 50 mg/L of total P, the regulation values of Ministry of Environment, Korea. Treating $2m^3/day$ of livestock wastewater was found to be feasible with the application of filtration and reverse osmosis and the electricity requirement was estimated to be about 30 Kwh/month.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.123-133
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• 2007

The presence of antibiotics in the wastewater from livestock farm due to its over-application should be concerned because they could change microbial ecology, increase the proliferation of antibiotic resistant pathogens, provoke toxic effect on aquatic species. In addition, these antibiotics can cause negative effect on the performance of biological wastewater treatment due to its antibacterial properties. In this study, our aim is to evaluate the effect of some common used antibiotic in Korea piggery farm such as oxytetracycline (OTC) to nitrification efficiency as well as organic compounds removal rate in biological system for treating piggery wastwater. The experiment was conducted in aeration batch reactor and lab-scale $A_2/O$(Anoxic-Anoxic-Oxic) system. From this study, it would be suggested that the piggery wastewater characterization should be examined in order to assess the fraction of common used antibiotics. The alternative treatment processes for piggery wastewater having high-strength antibiotics might be suggested in the future work.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.329-334
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• 1998

This study was conducted in order to investigate removal rate of organic matter, nitrogen and phosphorus to reduce environmental polluation with treatment to attach combined septic tank to 3 stage soil filter after mixing anaerobic treated water of livestock wastewater and low concentrated wastewater generated in farm house. Because anaerobic filter bed was packed in combined septic tank and a microorganism was accumulated in combined septic tank with increasing hydraulic retention time(HRT), if HRT $4{\sim}12day$, CODcr was removed $63.4{\sim}84.0%$. Also, $NH_4\;^+-N$ and $PO_4\;^{3-}-P$ were removed $3.9{\sim}5.4%$ and $18.3{\sim}29.0%$, respectively. In being re-treated by 3 stage soil filter, although hydraulic loading rate was gradually increased, CODcr, $NH_4\;^+-N$ and $PO_4\;^{3-}-P$ were removed above 90% due to filtration, adsorption, ion exchange, and action of soil microorganism. Generally, the attached treatment of combined septic tank and 3 stage soil filter did suitably treat livestock wastewater to water standard of discharge applied from '96 year, in view of decreasing pollution loading amount and recycling of agricultural water.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.371-377
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• 1996

Utilization of crop residues was investigated in search of ecologically desirable treatment of wastewater from small-scale swine farm. Instead of common materials rice stray was used as a support medium of tricking filter with the farm, wastewater treatment. The treated rice stave medium was dried, crushed, and directly added to soil, where bunching lettuce seedlings were grown under greenhouse conditions. The development of bunching lettuce was significantly enhanced by the application of the straw medium up to 2100 kg/10a. Little changes in soil chemical properties were observed at harvesttime, except the pH which was raised by more than 1 unit, and the content of Mg which was depleted presumably by the uptake of the plant.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.66 no.3
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• pp.202-208
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• 2022

In this study, we tried to obtain the optimal conditions to reduce odors generated from pig wastewater using magnesia (MgO) through in-situ test after producing a reactor for removing odors. For this purpose, the filling amount of magnesia, the injection amount of pig wastewater, the aeration method, the aeration amount and the aeration time were considered. The field experiment was conducted at Cheongwoon Livestock Farm, which has a pig wastewater reservoir. As the amount of magnesia added to the weight of wastewater (500 kg) increases, the amount of ammonia (NH₃) and hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) generated tended to gradually decrease. As a result of the test, ammonia and hydrogen sulfide in the pig wastewater decreased up to 65% and 77%, respectively, for 2 days aeration after 0.8% of magnesia was added to the reaction tank. The initial pH of the pig wastewater in the reactor was 8.2, and the pH was found to be 9.2 when magnesia was added up to 0.8%. In the light of this trend, it can be known that magnesia gradually increases the pH in the pig wastewater and makes it weakly alkaline. As the pH increases, part of the ammonia gas present in the pig wastewater vaporizes into the air and the remaining part is removed by precipitation after chemical bonding with dissolved magnesium ions and phosphate ions. In order to remove the odor of pig wastewater and turn it into compost, most of the existing livestock farms go through a six-month aeration process using microorganisms. In contrast, the current study proved the effect of removing odors from pig wastewater within 2 days through chemical reactions that do not affect microbial activity.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Rural Architecture
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.37-46
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• 2024

The city is developing into a smart city. Smart villages and smart farms are developing in rural areas. Architectural technology needs synergy with smart cities, smart villages, and smart factories (intelligent factories) to help architectural experts understand smart farms and build facilities and equipment. Smart farms require design and construction technology with architectural structure and function. The purpose of this study was to investigate the current status and cases of smart farms in Korea and to investigate cases abroad. The conclusion is as follows. ① Smart farms are developing rapidly. The Korean government is expanding smart farms by utilizing ICT technology and infrastructure. ② 'Smart Farm Innovation Valley', which has been promoted since 2018, is a cutting-edge convergence cluster industrial complex that integrates production, education, and research functions such as start-ups and technological innovation. ③ In domestic cases, smart farms are operated in subway stations, buildings, supermarkets, and restaurants. ④ In the Japanese case, a dome-type smart farm was being operated. It utilized factory wastewater, waste heat, renewable energy, and used new materials. Otemachi Ranch raised livestock and provided a lounge on the 13th floor of the building. ⑤ In the cases of Korea and Japan, the smart farm technology is very similar. As stated earlier, since the food culture and agricultural technology of both countries are similar, we hope to promote the development of smart farms that can reduce concerns about future food by communicating and sharing mutual technologies.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.48 no.5
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• pp.542-548
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• 2015

This study investigated methane productions and a degradation rate of organic matters by German standard method, VDI4630 test. In this study, 4 livestock byproducts from livestock farm were selected for the investigation. The objective of this study was to estimate a distribution of organic matters by using the double first-order kinetics model in order to calculate the rate of biodegradable organic matters which degrade rapidly in the initial stage and the persistently biodegradable organic matters which degrade slowly later. As a result, all the byproducts applied in this study showed rapid decomposition in the initial stage. Then the decomposition rate began to slow down for a certain period and the rate became 5 times slower than the initial decomposition rate. This trend of decomposition rate changes is typical conditions of organic matter decompositions. The easily degradable factors ($k_1$) ranged between $0.145{\sim}0.257day^{-1}$ and persistent degradable factors ($k_2$) were $0.027{\sim}0.080day^{-1}$. Among these results, greater organic matter decomposition rates from VDI4630 had greater $k_1$ values (0.257, $0.211day^{-1}$) and smaller $k_2$ values (0.027, $0.030day^{-1}$) for dairy wastewater and forage byproduct, respectively.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.334-340
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• 1997

It was proven that rice straw can serve can serve as a good support medium for trickling filter with livestock wastewater treatment. The efficiency of removal of removal of environmentally undesirable components from the wastewater by the straw medium was no less inferior to other commonly used support materials. The treated straw was also proven to be a source of abundant plant nutrients. The growth of orchard grass was enhanced greatly by the application of large quantity of the support medium. A maximum yield of dry matter was obtained at the rate of 40 ton/ha. Inorganic NPK elements as background fertilizers were highly recommended for better development in an early stage of growth. The nutritional status of the soil was very much improved by the addition of the medium in terms of exchangeable cations(K, Ca, Mg and Na), available phosphate, and organic matter contents. Nutrient uptake by orchard grass such as N, P and cations was enhanced by rice straw medium treatment and that was proportional to the levels of treatment.

• Journal of Animal Environmental Science
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.181-188
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• 2011

With an increasing livestock population, animal manure production has been steadily increasing in Korea. This trend has forced farmers to spend more money for animal manure treatment in their farm. Therefore, research utilizing animal manure as a renewable resources has become increasingly important. The purpose of this study was to develop a stable advanced wastewater treatment system can be applied to conventional animal wastewater treatment processes and evaluate its contribution to reduce effluent discharge volume by recycling as flushing water. AOP (advanced oxidation process) process improved wastewater treatment efficiency in terms of color, suspended solids (SS) and chemical oxygen demand (COD). Due to the addition of Hydrogen peroxide ($H_2O_2$), pathogens, Salmonella and E. coli, reduction was accomplished. To enhance ozone treatment effect, three levels of ozone test on secondary effluent of pig slurry purification system were conducted. At the level of 5 g/hr, 6.7 g/hr and 8.4 g/hr color of secondary effluent of pig slurry purification system were decreased from 2,433 to 2,199, 2,433 to 1,980 and 2,433 to 243, respectively.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.51 no.4
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• pp.450-455
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• 2018

We examined correlations of the density of fish farms with the distributions of indicator bacteria (Escherichia coli, fecal streptococci) and a bacterial fish pathogen (Streptococcus parauberis) off the coastline of Jeju Island. Seawater samples were collected at four coastal sites on the Island [Aewol (control), Gujwa, Pyoseon and Daejeong] in June, August and October 2016. The indicator bacteria were generally more frequently isolated from samples taken in August when water temperatures and human activities on nearby beaches were highest. Although fish farms were least common at Daejeong, the numbers of isolated fecal indicator bacteria were highest in the seawater and effluent water collected from this site. Hence, fish farms were not likely major contributors of indicator bacteria at Daejeong. We found discrepancies between the isolated bacterial counts and the predicted bacterial copy numbers deduced from our qPCR results, indicating that this pathogen may exist in a viable but non-culturable (VBNC) state in seawater. Thus, livestock wastewater and chemical fertilizer loading off Jeju Island may negatively impact seawater quality more than the effluent released from fish farms does.