• Journal of Life Science
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.1-6
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• 2012

The present study examined the effects of consumption of Jeju ground water containing vanadium components on oxidative stress in obese (ob/ob) mice. Intake of Jeju ground water decreased the generation of oxidative stress induced-lipid peroxidation in the liver of ob/ob mice It also enhanced the enzymatic antioxidant defense system by increasing the protein expression and activity of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase in liver tissues. Jeju ground water intake also upregulated the intracellular content of reduced glutathione. The induction of antioxidant enzyme expression by consumption of Jeju ground water was mediated by the erythroid transcription factor NF-E2 (Nrf2). Increased nuclear expression of phospho Nrf2 was observed in ob/ob mouse liver cells following ntake of Jeju ground water. These results suggest that consumption of Jeju ground water stimulated the antioxidant defense system in the livers of ob/ob mice via induction of Nrf2.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.851-855
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• 2006

Acarviosine-glucose (AcvGlc) is an ${\alpha}$-glucosidase inhibitor and has similar inhibitory activity to acarbose in vitro. We synthesized AcvGlc by treating acarbose with Bacillus stearothermophilus maltogenic amylase and fed C57BL/6J and db/db mice with diets containing purified AcvGlc and acarbose for 1 week. AcvGlc (50 and 100 mg/100 g diet) significantly reduced plasma glucose and triglyceride levels in db/db mice by 42 and 51 %, respectively (p<0.0001). The hypoglycemic and hypotriglyceridemic effects of AcvGlc were slightly, but significantly, greater than those seen with acarbose treatment (p<0.0001) in C57BL/6J mice. In an oral glucose tolerance test, glucose tolerance was significantly improved at all time points (p<0.01). The expression of two novel glucose transporters (GLUTs), GLUT10 and GLUT12, were examined by Western blot analysis. GLUT10 was markedly increased in the db/db livers. After AcvGlc treatment, the expression of hepatic GLUT10 was decreased whereas intestinal GLUT12 was significantly increased in both strains of mice. Our results show that AcvGlc improves plasma lipid and glucose metabolism slightly more than acarbose. Regulation of hepatic GLUT10 and intestinal GLUT12 may be important in controlling blood glucose levels.

• Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.609-615
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• 2012

A histo-pathogical examination was carried out to evaluate the effect of commercial extruded pellet (EP) and a raw fish moist pellet (MP) diet on the health of juvenile rockfish cultured in marine net-cage for 7 months. Fish were distributed randomly to each net cage as a group of 76,000 fish (initial mean body weight 5.9 g). After 2 months, the hypertrophy or swelling of liver parenchymal cells was identified in most individuals and lasted until 7 months. Livers in EP fed group frequently showed hypertrophic parenchyma and fatty change with occasional atrophic cells. However, after 4 months, lymphocytic infiltration in splenic parenchyma was seen in a number of individuals. In addition, the gastric glandular epithelium was atrophied and in the lumen of renal tubules protozoan parasites were frequently identified but there was no correlation with the type of feed. Moreover, juvenile rockfish on EP diet showed gross and microscopic hypertrophy of the liver which would be due to oversupply of feed. Severe hepatic cellular hypertrophy or swelling could lead to the damage of microcirculation. Especially fatty change and atrophic change of liver could be the result from the damage, which could be responsible for immunological problem. Lymphocytic infiltration of spleen on the MP diet suggests that juvenile rockfish could be frequently exposed to infectious antigens.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.133-148
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• 2007

Objectives : The purpose of our study was to investigate the effects of Injinchunggan-tang (Yinchenchinggan-tang) on DMN liver damage caused by applying proteomics. Materials and Methods: Sprague-Dawley rats were used in this experiment; the rats were divided into the normal group (normal saline), the control group (DMN) and the samplegroup (DMN+IJCGT). The DMN was induced 3 days a week for 3 weeks in the control group. The normal saline without DMN was induced by the same method in the normal group. Injinchunggan-tang extract was orally administered twice a day for 3 weeks after DMN was induced in the sample group. The livers of each group were processed and we investigated histology, OxyBlot, 2-dimensional electrophoresis, and western blot of liver of each group. Results : In the histological findings of the liver, the control group showed portal fibrosis with a few septa or without septa. The sample group showed no fibrosis or portal fibrosis without septa. In the OxyBlot finding, Injinchunggan-tang prevented liver damage by oxidation. In the 2-dimensional electrophoresis finding, formiminotransferase cyclodeaminase (FTCD), FYVE-finger containing protein, aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH), and ratio of predicted : hypothetical protein LOC68668 isoform 1 were changed. Conclusions : Injinchunggan-tang exerts an inhibitory effect against the fibrosis and oxidation induced by the DMN in the rat liver cell, and some proteins induced by the DMN were changed by Injinchunggan-tang.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.68-79
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• 2007

Objectives : The purpose of our study was to investigate the effects of Chungganhaeju-tang (Qingganjiejiu-tang) on alcoholic liver damage by applying proteomics. Materials and Methods : Sprague-Dawley rats were used in this experiment; the rats were divided into a control group, alcohol group and Chungganhaeju-tang + alcohol group. Ethanol was orally administered twice a day for 4 weeks to the alcohol group. Water without ethanol was administered twice a day for 4 weeks to the control group. Ethanol + Chungganhaeju-tang extract was orally administered twice a day for 4 weeks to the Chungganhaeju-tang + alcohol group. The livers of each group were processed and we investigated histology, OxyBlot, 2-dimensional electrophoresis, and western blot of liver of each group. Results : In the histological findings of the liver, the alcohol group showed portal fibrosis with a few septa or without septa. The Chungganhaeju-tang + alcohol group showed no fibrosis or portalfibrosis without septa. In the OxyBlot finding, Chungganhaeju-tangprevented liver damage by oxidation. In the 2-dimensional electrophoresis finding, formiminotransferase cyclodeaminase (FTCD), glucose regulated protein, 58 kDa (GRP58K), aryl sulfotransferase, sulfotransferase family 1A, member 2, similar to acyl-coenzyme A oxidase-like, and catalase were changed. Conclusion : Chungganhaeju-tangexerts an inhibitory effect against the fibrosis and oxidation induced by alcohol in rat liver cell, and some proteins induced by alcohol were changed by Chungganhaeju-tang.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.43-52
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• 1988

These studies were taken experimentally to clarify the clinical and histopathological findings of listeriosis in Korean native goat(KNC). Four KNGs of 4 to 5 months of age were inoculated orally or in-travenously (IV) with Listeria monocytogenes isolated from a field case of KNG. 1. On the clinical findings, depression, anorexia and fever were observed in all inoculated goats, and nasal discharge, keratoconjunctivitis and diarrhea in 3 of 4 goats. Highest rectal temperature after in-oculation was 2.5$^{\circ}C$ higher in IV inoculated goats and 1.9$^{\circ}C$ higher in orally inoculated than normal rectal temperature observed before inoculation. Durations of clinical course after inoculation in IV and orally inoculated goats were 5 days and 8 days, respectively. 2. On the gross lesions, swelling of the lymph nodes, hemorrhage and .inflammation of the small intestine and rigor mortis were observed in 4 of 4 goats, and keratoconjunctivitis, hemorrhage and inflammation of the large intestine, swelling of the spleen, pneumonia and hydropericardium in 3 of 4 goats. Congestion of the visceral organs and ecchymosis of the sin in a fetus were observed. Keratoconjunctivitis, hemorrhage of the abomasum, swelling of the lymph node, hemorrhage and inflammation of the small intestine, swelling of the spleen, necrosis of the liver and pneumonia were observed as severe lesions. These lesions were more severe in IV inoculated goats than those in orally inoculated goats. 3. On histopathological findings, focal necrosis found throughout the livers occurred mainly on peripheral areas of hepatic lobules. These necrotic foci consisted of neutrophils, lymphocytes, macrophages, short rod bacteria and necretic hepatic cells. Suppurative pneumonia of the lung, hyperemia, congestion, epithelial necrosis and sloughing of the small and large intestine, swelling in periventricular regions of the central nervous system, swelling of the kidney, spleen and lymph node were observed as listerial lesions.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.345-353
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• 1988

The present study was carried out to investigate the incidence of C jejuni and C coli in chicken. Also were examined the pathogenicity of the isolates in chick by experimental inoculation. Thermophilic Campylobacter were isolated from 34(45.9%) of the 74 specimens, and classified as 21.6% C jejuni, and 24.3% C coli. In the biotyping of 16 stranis of C jejuni isolates, 37.5% of the strains were grouped as biotype I, 62.5% as biotype II. In the case of 18 strains of C coli isolates, 49.9% of isolates were grouped as biotype I, 55.6% as biotype II. n oral inoculation with $10^4cfu$ of Campylobacter isolates into infant chicks(1 to 3 days-old), 17 days-old and 34 days-old chicks, 32.5% of the chicks developed diarrhea on day 1, 52.5% on day 3, 70.0% on day 5, and 27.5% on day 7, and the peak incidence of diarrhea was reached on day 5. The organisms were found to be discharged in feces one day afterwards. C jejuni and C coli strains were detected from the feces in 87.5% of the chicks on day 5. The organisms were multiplied from $10^4$ to $10^6cfu/gm$ in feces 5 to 7 days after inoculation. C jejuni and C coli recovered from 100% of the cecum, 64.3% of the duodenum, 50.0% of the spleen, 42.9% of the livers, and from 21.4% of gallbladders 7 days after inoculation.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.19 no.7
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• pp.1047-1053
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• 2006

The current study was designed to determine the effects of dietary docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) on fatty acid deposition in egg yolk and various tissues of laying Tsaiya ducks, and on the mRNA concentrations of hepatic lipogenesis-related transcription factors. Thirty laying ducks were randomly assigned to three treatments with diets based on corn-soybean meal (ME: 2803 kcal/kg; CP: 17.1%; Ca: 3.4%) supplemented with 0% (control diet), 0.5% or 2% algal DHA oil. The DHA content in egg yolks of the ducks was elevated significantly (p<0.01) with the supplementation of dietary DHA. The DHA percentage of the total fatty acids in the egg yolk of laying ducks was 0.5%, 1.3% and 3.4% for 0%, 0.5% and 2% algal DHA oil treatments, respectively, for the $1^{st}$ week, and 0.5%, 1.5% and 3.3% for the $2^{nd}$ week. Therefore, algal DHA oil can be utilized by laying Tsaiya ducks to enhance the egg-yolk DHA content. The concentrations of triacylglycerol (TG) and cholesterol in plasma of laying Tsaiya ducks were not affected by dietary DHA treatments (p>0.05). The DHA concentration in plasma, liver, and skeletal muscle was increased with the addition of dietary algal DHA oil (p<0.05). The mRNA abundance of sterol regulatory element binding protein 1 (SREBP1) and SREBP2 in the livers of laying Tsaiya ducks was not affected by dietary DHA, suggesting that the expression of these transcription factors is tightly controlled and not sensitive to DHA treatments.

• CELLMED
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• v.2 no.4
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• pp.35.1-35.11
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• 2012

The homeopathic remedy Chelidonium majus 200C (Chel-200) is traditionally used by homeopathic practitioners in liver ailments arising out of hepatotoxicity. The present investigation was aimed at examining whether vitamin C (L-ascorbic acid or AA), used in both traditional and orthodox medicines, can show better effects when used in combination with Chel-200, in favorably modifying the toxicological effects induced by the chronic feeding of p-dimethylaminoazobenzene (p-DAB, initiator) and phenobarbital (PB, promoter) in mice for 7 days through 120 days to induce hepatotoxicity and liver tumors. Mice were euthanized at 7, 15, 30, 60, 90, and 120 days of carcinogen feeding to assess various cytogenetical, biochemical and histological changes occurring in them. In a placebo controlled study, Chel-200 or the respective placebo (Alcohol-200C or Alc, "vehicle" of homeopathic drug), was orally administered to toxicant-fed mice. Sub-groups of the mice receiving Chel-200 were also fed either AA or an Alc placebo and their individual and conjoint effects were studied against the respective controls, to evaluate if the combination therapy of Chel-200 with AA can be of additional help in the amelioration of the toxicities generated by the toxicants. The combined feeding of Chel-200 and AA appeared to reduce the cytotoxic and genotoxic effects significantly, when compared to either only the Chel-200 or AA fed group. A similar trend was also obtained in the results of scanning and transmission electron microscopic studies of the livers. Experiments in other mammalian models are warranted to confirm if these drugs in combination could be used in palliative care of human patients with liver diseases including cancer.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.19 no.9
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• pp.41.1-41.7
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• 2016

Background: The transgenic approach using estrogen-responsive regulator in fish has been given much attention as a potential means to detect and/or address estrogen-related aquatic pollutions. In order to address the development stage- and reproduction status-dependent expression patterns of the chgH-rfp transgene (red fluorescent protein transgene driven by choriogenin H promoter) in marine medaka Oryzias dancena, naturally occurring red fluorescent protein (RFP) signals under non-exposed conditions as well as the transgenically induced RFP signals under estrogen-exposed conditions were assayed. Results: Female transgenics begun to show naturally occurring RFP signals from the age of 7 weeks post hatching (WPH) without experimental estrogen exposure. Afterward, these RFP signals in female transgenics became robust with the progress of ovarian maturation. On the other hand, male transgenics did not show any naturally occurring RFP signal under non-exposed conditions irrespective of developmental stages and maturation statue. Upon exposures using estradiol-$17{\beta}$ (E2) and $17{\alpha}$-ethinylestradiol (EE2), RFP signals were significantly induced specifically in the livers of transgenic males. Conclusions: Male chgH-rfp transgenics were able to keep the "off" state of RFP expression during their entire life cycle unless exposed to exogenous estrogens. Owing to their tight regulation capability of estrogen-responsive transgene, transgenesis of chgH-rfp in male marine medaka could offer a useful model system for future ecotoxicogenomic studies regarding estrogenicity-related issues in aquatic and marine environments.