• 대한한의학방제학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.133-142
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• 2009

Objective : Recently, obesity has increased at an alarming rate and is now a worldwide health problem. Natural dietary supplement, $CharmSlim^{(R)}$(C), is mixed pills, which consists of beans, black sesames, kelps, onions, adlay seeds, anchovies, pyogo mushrooms, green tea. Our study was performed to determine the weight-loss effects of natural dietary supplement, based on natural ingredients, in mice fed high-fat diet with an abundance of carbohydrates. Methods : Four groups of male ICR mice were fed different diets during 6 weeks: normal diet(NOR), high-fat (15%, w/w) diet(HF), high-fat supplemented with natural dietary supplement powdered 5%(C5) and 10%(C10) groups. We measured the changes of food intake, body weight and adipose tissues weights. Also we examined levels of lipid profiles in serum. Results : Body weight, liver weight and food efficiency ratio were significantly higher in the HF group than in NOR group. After 6 weeks of treatment, body weight, liver weight and adipose tissues weights (epididymal, perinephric, visceral and BAT) were significantly decreased in the C10 group when compared to the control HF group. The C10 group had markedly lower serum levels of total cholesterol and triglyceride when compared with HF group. Conclusion : These results demonstrate that this dietary supplement can suppress the increased lipid profiles, body weight and fat gains, thus could be considered as an effective adjunct in the treatment of obesity.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.65-72
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• 2007

This study was conducted to obtain information of the oral dose acute toxicity of PGB-2, a novel polyglucosamine polymer produced from Citrobacter sp. BL-4 (a new strain) in male and female mice. Mortality, body weight changes, clinical signs were monitored during 14 days after single oral dose of test article at dose levels of 2000, 1000, 500, 250 and 125 ml/kg. Gross lesions, organ weight and histopathology of principal organs were examined after necropsy. As the results, we could not find any mortalities, clinical signs, changes in the body weight and gross findings except for white foci in the liver. In addition, no PGB-2-treatment related abnormal changes on the organ weight and histopathology of principle organs were detected except for atypical signs of liver. White liver foci were confirmed as focal infiltration of inflammatory cells. The results suggest that the PGB-2 is relatively safe in mice but the possibility of hepatotoxicity could not be excluded. The $LD_{50}$ and approximate LD in mice after single oral dose of PGB-2 were considered over 2000 mg/kg, respectively. In future, the potential hepatotoxicity of PGB-2 should be evaluated through the repeat dose toxicity test prior to develop as a new agent.

• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.33-39
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• 2011

The present study was carried out to investigate the potential acute toxicity of methylcyclohexane (MCH) by a single oral dose in female rats. The test chemical was administered once by gavage to female rats at dose levels 0, 1,250, 2,500, and 5,000 mg/kg. Mortalities, clinical findings, and body weight changes were monitored for the 14-day period following the administration. At the end of 14-day observation period, all animals were sacrificed and complete gross postmortem and histopathological examinations were performed. Treatment-related clinical signs, as evidenced by depression, soft feces, decreased locomotion activity, solid perineal region, crouching position, and anorexia were observed in all treatment groups in a dose-dependent manner. At the dose level of 5,000 mg/kg, decreased or suppressed body weight gain was found during the study period. At the scheduled necropsy, one case of congestion of the intestine and an increase in the weights of liver and kidney were observed in the 5,000 mg/kg group. Histopathological examinations exhibited an increased incidence of glomerular atrophy, congestion/hemorrhage, and focal degeneration/necrosis in the liver and an increased incidence of congestion, and inflammatory cell infiltration in the kidney. On the basis of the results, it was concluded that a single oral administration of MCH resulted in some adverse effects on clinical sign, body weight gain, and organ weight and histopathology in the liver and kidney in female rats. In the experimental conditions, the minimal lethal dose ($LD_{10}$) of MCH was greater than 5,000 mg/kg.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.11-18
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• 2010

Object : This study was to evaluate the effect of Ginseng Radix, aqueous extracts of the root part of Panax ginseng on the 6-n-propyl-2-thiouracil(PTU)-induced rat hypothyroidism. Methods : Aqueous extracts of Ginseng Radix(GR; yield = 11.70%) were administered, once day for 42 days from 2 weeks before start of PTU treatment as an oral dose of 300 and 150 mg/kg(body weight), and hypothyroidism was induced by daily subcutaneous treatment of PTU 10mg/kg for 28 days. The changes in the body weight, thyroid gland weights, serum levels of thyroid hormone-thyroid stimulating hormone(TSH), tri-iodothyronine(T3) and thyroxine(T4), total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein(LDL), high density lipoprotein(HDL) and triglyceride, liver antioxidant defense system-lipid peroxidation, $H_2O_2$, superoxide dismutase(SOD) and catalase(CAT) were observed with histopathology of thyroid glands. Results : Results were compared with LevoT4 0.5mg/kg treated rats. GR extracts suppressed the decreases in the body weight, thyroid gland weights, T3 and T4, TG, liver $H_2O_2$ and SOD activities as results of PTU treatment. And GR extracts suppressed the increases of HDL contents, liver CAT activities, thyroid gland weight as results of PTU treatment. In addition, marked hyperplasia of follicular cells with decreases of follicular colloid contentsand sizes were demonstrated at histopathological inspections. However, these PTU-induced histopathological changes related to hypothyroidism were dramatically decreased by treatment of both different dosages of GR extract, respectively Conclusions : This study suggest that GR extracts have favorable effects on the thyroid hormone productions with beneficial effects on the hypothyroidism mediated by the modulatory effects on the antioxidant defense system.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.263-272
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• 1983

Effects of dietary protein qualify, energy restriction, and subsequent rehabilitation were studied in the weanling rats. Rats were devided into the six experimental diet groups. Rats in AC (casein- containing diet ), AS (soyprotein-containing diet), and AG(gluten-containing diet) group consumed their diets ad libitum, and rats in PC, PS, PG groups were pair-fed in 60% of the of amounts eaten by corresponding rats in the AC, AS, AG groups, respectively. After 3 weeks of nutritional restriction, all rats were switched to the AC diet for 14 days. At the end of restriction period, body weight, weight gain, food intake, and FER were higher in casein- fed rats than other groups of rats. The differences were, however, disappeared with rehabilitation diet, except body weights which were not fully recovered until the end of experiment. The weights of liver, gastrocnemius muscle, kidney, small intestine, spleen, and lung were the highest in the casein group, and the lowest in gluten group at the end of restriction period. The recovery with rehabilitation diet were differ in different organs. The muscle and liver seemed to be the most affected organs by dietary protein quality and energy restriction. There were no differences in brain weights among the experimental groups during the restriction period, however, after 2 weeks of rehabilitation, rats in AC group showed lower brain weight compared to AC and AS groups, and the brain weight of PC group was lower than AC group. Protein contents in liver and muscle showed the same trends as their weights. Gluten-fed rats showed low serum protein concentration, but recovered fully with rehabilitation diet for 3 days.

• 생약학회지
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.300-311
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• 1998

This study was attempted to investigate the effects of "Angelicae gigantis Radix extract" (AG.EX.) on the activities of GOT and GPT, the contents of total lipid, triglyceride, total cholesterol, phospholipid and ${\beta}-lipoprotein$ in serum, and the weight change ratio of body, liver and spleen in the experimentally induced hyperlipemic rats by administering the extract of 300 and 500 mg/kg p.o.. Significant test was performed by comparision with the biochemical values between control group and experimentally hyperlipemic rats. In the activities of s-GOT and s-GPT inhibition effects were significantly appeared in all dose of AG.EX. (especially more excellent in ethanol extract) and Angelicae acutilobae Radix extract (AA.EX.) as compared with the control group. The content of total lipid was remarkably decreased in all sample group when compared with the control group, and AA.EX. showed more excellent decreasing effect than AG.EX. The contents of triglyceride and total cholesterol were significantly lowered in all sample group, and more significantly decreased in water extract of AG.EX. and ethanol extract of AA.EX. The content of phospholipid was significantly decreased in all sample group and AG.EX. was more significantly decreased than AA.EX. The increasing rate of body weight in all sample groups except AA.EX. 500 mg/kg was increased more than control group and more significantly remarkable in dose of 300 mg/kg than 500 mg/kg. The increasing rate of liver weight in all sample groups was increased more than control group, and AG.EX. was more increased than AA.EX.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.313-322
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• 1982

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of long- term Ginseng administration on metabolism of rats during growing period. A group of pregnant rats was divided into 2 groups, the one was given 18% casein diet and the other, 18% casein diet with ginseng powder 500 mg/kg body was during the gestation and lactation. After weaning, 84 male offsprings were taken at random from the 2 groups. The rats from each group were divided subsequently into 2 groups. Ginseng and control group. The rats were sacrificed at three different times -7, 11, 17 weeks of age. The body weight and amount of food intake were measared during the feeding period. After sacrificing, the weight of some organs, liver glycogen. serum total lipid values, urinary nitrogen and creatinine were examined. The results were analysed by t-test and F-test Results obtained are summarized as follows : 1) Addition of Ginseng did not significantly affect the body weight of rats. 2) The weight of liver, testis, epididymal fat pad were not significantly different between ginseng group and control group during the experimental period. 3) Urinary nitrogen and creatinine did not have significance among all the experimental groups. 4) Amount of liver glycogen was not statistically significant in the ginseng group and control group. 5) The serum total lipid values of rats Iron ginseng group was not statistically different from that of the control group. It can be concluded that Ginseng, 500 mg ginseng powder /kg body wt, does not affect the metabolism of rats under the conditions of this study.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.252-265
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• 1997

This study was performed to investigate effect of dietary fibers in rice and barley on glucose, lipid and cadmium (Cd) metabolism in the rat. Fifty-six male Spague-Dawley rats weighing 244.6$\pm$2.7g were blocked into eight groups according to body weight and raised for four weeks with diets containing 0 or 0.04%(w/w) CdCl2 and four different carbohydrate sources, starch, rice flour, barley flour and mixture of rice and barley flour(7 : 3, w/w). Total dietary fibers and $\beta$-glucan contents of barley were about three times higher than those of rice (10.75% vs. 3.94%, 3.11% vs. 1.06%, respectively). Food intake, weight gain, food efficiency ratio, liver and kidney weights were lower in Cd exposed groups, and barley group among Cd exposed animals showed highest weight gain, food efficiency ratio and organ weights. Fasting serum glucose levels were not significantly different among groups, Serum cholesterol level was lowest in Cd exposed barley group. Serum HDL-cholesterol level was higher in none-Cd exposed starch and barley groups, and HDL-cholesterol : total cholesterol ratios were higher in none-Cd rice and mixed flour groups than other groups. Liver total lipid and triglyceride levels were lowest in barley groups regardless of Cd administration. Fecal total lipid, cholesterol and triglyceride excretions were high in barley and mixed flour groups. Liver Cd concentrations were low in Cd exposed barley and mixed flour groups. In Cd exposed barley group, fecal weight and Cd excretion were highest and Cd retention ratio was lowest among groups. Small intestine metallothionein(MT) concentration was highest in Cd exposed rice group, and kidney MT concentration was highest in Cd exposed barley group. In conclusion, cereals showed different effects on lipid and Cd metabolism that might be mediated by dietary fibers in cereals. Especially $\beta$-glucan-rich barley group showed greatest lipid and Cd lowering effects by increasing fecal lipids and Cd excretions.

• 사상체질의학회지
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.8-27
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• 2018

Objective This study investigated the effects of Jeoreongchajeonja-tang in a high-fat diet-induced obesity mouse model. Methods The study examined 9-week-old male mice (C57bl/6J) divided into four groups: the normal(C57bl/6J-Nr), control (high-fat diet only; HFD-CTL), positive-control (high-fat diet with Garcinia cambogia), and experimental (high-fat diet with Jeoreongchajeonja-tang; HFD-JCT) groups. After 7 weeks, the body weight, food efficiency ratio, organ weight, and visceral fat weight of the mice were measured. Blood serum tests, mRNA, liver histopathology, and epididymis adipocytes were also examined. Results Compared with the Control(HFD-CTL) group, the Experimental(HFD-JCT) group given Jeoreongchajeonja-tang showed significant reductions in absolute body weight and food efficiency ratio. The serum alanine aminotransferase, total-cholesterol, triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol, insulin-like growth factor-1, and leptin levels were significantly lower in the experimental group than in the control group. The serum adiponectin levels were significantly higher in the experimental group than in the control group. Compared with the control group, the experimental group showed significant reductions in absolute abdominal subcutaneous fat, epididymal adipose tissue, kidney adipose tissue, intestine adipose tissue, and liver, kidney and spleen adipose tissue weights. The C/EBP-${\beta}$, leptin, and SREBP1c/ADD1 mRNA expression were significantly lower in the experimental group than in the control group, while the UCP-2 and adiponectin mRNA expression were significantly higher. Compared with the control group, the experimental group showed a significant reduction in the absolute adipocyte area in the liver and epididymal adipose tissue. Conclusion Jeoreongchajeonja-tang has an anti-obesity effect. Additional clinical studies are expected.

• 한국지역사회생활과학회지
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.363-368
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• 2007

This study is to find out the antioxidative effect and serum lipid composition of wild grape seed powder in vivo. 20 white Sprague Dawley rats of six weeks old were divided into 2 groups and AIN-93 basic diet, high fat and cholesterol were provided. And they were examined to know how wild grape seed powder worked for antioxidative effect and serum lipid composition. For the comparing group, wild grape seed powder consisting 5% of the diet weight was provided and the quantity of protein, fat, carbohydrate, and cellulose was controlled following the analysis of the ingredients. The rats were fed for four weeks with experimental diet. Serum lipid and the antioxidant enzyme activity in blood and liver microsome were measured after 4 weeks of experiment. The results are as follows; There was no difference between the experimental groups in the initial body weight, final body weight, weight gain and FER. Food intake was higher in the group wild grape seed powder was provided than in the control group(p<0.05). Serum total cholesterol in the control group was significantly higher than that in the group wild grape seed powder was provided.(p<0.05). There was no difference serum HDL cholesterol and LDL cholesterol between the groups. Serum triglyceride showed no significant difference between the groups. In blood, glutanthione peroxidase activity was higher in the group supplemented with wild grape seed powder than in the control group. The glutathione reductase activity of blood showed no difference between the groups. In liver, the glutanthione peroxidase activity was higher in the group supplemented with wild grape seed powder than in the control group(p<0.05). Glutathione reductase activity in liver showed no difference in accordance with the supplementation of wild grape seed powder.