• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.121-127
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• 2006

This study investigated the effect of dietary taurine supplementation on the plasma and liver lipid concentrations in lats fed a cholesterol free diet Twenty male-Sprague-Dawley rats(body weight $200{\pm}10g$) were divided into two groups, the control and taurine group(2% taurine supplemented in their diet). All the rats were fed on the experimental diet and deionized water for 6 weeks libitum. There were no significant differences body weight gain, food intake and the food efficiency ratio between the control and experimental groups. The rats fed the taurine diet had a significantly lower triglyceride and AI(athrogenic index) than those fed the control diet The liver total cholesterol (p<0.05) and triglyceride levels(p<0.01) were significantly lower in the rats fed the taurine diet than in those fed the control diet. These results suggest a possible role of taurine as a hypolipidemic agent in male rats fed a cholesterol free diet.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.1131-1136
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• 1999

The total contents of polyphenolics in potatoes measured by Folin Denis method were 42~76mg/100g in fresh weight. A major phenolic component contained in potato polyphenolics was identified as chlorogenic acid(3.6~15mg/100g in fresh weight). The antioxidative effects of potato polyphenolics and chlorogenic acid on the lipid peroxidation of liver microsome were studied in vivo and in vitro systems by measuring the formation of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances(TBARS) and the content of urine 8 hydroxy deoxyguanosine(OHdG). The TBARS contents of liver showed an increase in the cholesterol diet compared to those in the normal diet. This trend, however, was minimized when potato polyphenolics and chlorogenic acid were supplemented in the cholesterol diet. On the other hands, urinary 8 OHdG contents showed a marked increase with the supplementation of potato polyphenolics in the cholesterol diet. However, there was a trend of marked decrease by the supplementation of chlorogenic acid. In vitro study, potato poly phenolics and chlorogenic acid effectively inhibited the formation of TBARS in liver microsomal system in a dose dependent manners. These results suggest that potato polyphenolics exerts an antioxidative activity in cholesterol fed rat liver.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.106-118
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• 2018

Objectives: This study was performed to investigate anti-obesity effects of Zingiberis Rhizoma on ovariectomized rats in order to determine the possibility of the clinical use in preventing and treating post-menopausal obesity. Methods: To investigate how menopause affects obesity in woman, rats were treated with Zingiberis Rhizoma extracts. We measured various biomarkers including GOT,GPT, leptin, ghrelin, adiponectin, $PPAR-{\gamma}$ mRNA, total cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL-cholesterol, liver weight, estradiol, uterine weight, and calcitonin, which are linked with obesity and menopause. Results: There was a significant decrease in group which was given Zingiberis Rhizoma extracts 100 mg/kg and lipid level found in blood(total cholesterol, triglyceride). Fat accumulation of liver cells was repressed, liver function was improved and leptin and adipomectin levels were significantly normalized. In addition, expression of $PPAR-{\gamma}$ was significantly increased. Conclusions: The results indicated that Zingiberis Rhizoma extracts have anti-obesity effects on ovariectomized rats through improving liver function and lipid metabolic function.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.29-46
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• 1987

To study hexavalent chromium effects on mitochondrial electron transport, the activities of electron transport enzymes and conformational change of mitochondria treated with $40{\mu}M$ of sodium dichromate ($Na_{2}Cr_{2}O_{7}\;2H_{2}O$) were investigated. And so were those of liver mitochondria isolated from mouse intraperitoneally injected with sodium dichromate, 40mg per kg body weight. On both treatment with chromium(VI), the activities of electron transfer enzymes (Complex I and IV) were increased to some extent and the ultrastructural transformation of mitochondria from a condensed to an orthodox conformation was inhibited under State IV respiration. These results represent' inhibitory effect of hexavalent chromium on electron transport without inhibiting electron transfer enzymes (Complex I and IV) in mitochondria. On intraperitoneal treatment with hexavalent chromium as sodium dichromate and trivalent chromium as chromic chloride, containing 37.5 mg of chromium per kg body weight, respectively, the activities of electron transfer enzymes of liver isolated from mouse with chromium(VI) was reduced, but that with chromium(III) was not affected. And with chromium(VI), all mice after 12 hours of treatment died, only after 6 hours survived. With chromium(III), however, all survived. This indicates that hexavalent chromium is more toxic than trivalent chromiumin mouse liver.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.517-522
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• 1995

The present study has been undertaken to investigate the effect of plantaginis semen extract on lipid composition and activities of several enzymes in lard administrated rats. Forth male rats of Sprague-Dawley strain with average weight of 130$\pm$10g were divided into four groups[basal diet(BD)], basal＋plantaginis semen(BP), basal＋lard(BL) and basal＋plantaginis semen＋lard(BLP). Lard administrated groups showed increase in weight gain and that of BLP group significantly increased. Feed intake showed no significant differences with lard administration. The weights of liver, kidney and heart of the rat were not affected by plantagins semen and lard administration. Serum and liver triglyceride and cholesterol contents significantly increased compared to BD group but significantly decreased by the addition of plantaginis semen extract(BLP group). Serum and liver phsophlipids decreased in lard administrated group but effectively restored by administration of plantaginis semen extract. HDL-cholesterol content significantly decreased in lard-fed group and somewhat increased in plantaginis semen extract group. Serum aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase activities significantly increased in lard fed group but addition of plntginis semen extract significantly decreased the enzyme activities compared with that of lard administrated group.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.360-378
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• 1992

This study was performed to investigate effect of dietary protein and calcium levels on cad-mium intoxication in rats. Adult Sprague-Dawley male rate(245$\pm$21g) were blocked into 18 groups of 7 animals according to body weight Nine experimental diets different with protein(40%, 15%, 7%) and calcium (1.3%, 0.6%, 0.1%) levels were prepared. Nine groups of animals were fed each diet with 50ppm cadmium in drinking water and the other 9 groups without cadmium for 30days. Results were summarized as follows: 1) Body weight gain F. E. R(Food Efficiency Ratio) and weights of liver kidney and femur were higher in high protein groups among cadmium exposed groups. 2) Cadmium contents in liver and intestine were higher in rats fed high protein diet or low calcium diet among cadmium exposed groups. Fecal cadmium excretion was highest in high protein-high calcium diet group among cadmium exposed animals. Metallothionein contents in liver kidney and intestine were higher in animals exposed to cadmium and fed high protein diets. 3) Gel filtration chromatography of cytosolic solution showed that the higher dietary protein and calcium levels were the more cadmium was found in metallothionein fractions. 4) No gross histopathological change was seen in liver kidney and intestine of cadmium exposed rats. However a significant increase of smooth endoplasmic reticulum which was alleveated by high protein-high calcium diet was observed. Results obtained indicated that not only high protein diet but also high calcium diet showed preventive effect on cadmium intoxication by increasing the induction of metallothionein syn-thesis and decreasing the cadmium absorption.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.53-60
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• 2023

Background: This study aimed to investigate the effects of Oenanthe javanica (OJ) extracts on rats with potassium oxonate (PO)-induced hyperuricemia. Methods: The effects of OJ extract on rats with PO-induced hyperuricemia-induced were monitored. Changes in the body weight and organ indices of hyperuricemic rats were calculated to detect anti-hyperuricemic effects. Blood samples were collected to observe the effect of reducing serum uric acid concentration. Kidney tissues were stained to observe histopathological changes under a microscope. The activity of xanthine oxidase (XO), which catalyzes xanthine to uric acid in the liver, was assessed to observe the inhibitory effect of XO. Results: 1. The body weight of hyperuricemic rats showed no considerable differences between the control group and the treatment group. The OJ group had significantly improved liver index, whereas the allopurinol group had improved liver and kidney indices. 2. Serum uric acid levels increased significantly after PO injection, and the OJ and allopurinol groups showed a significant reduction effect. 3. PO injection led to the inflammation of kidney tissues, and OJ improved it significantly. 4. The activity of XO after PO injection was significantly increased, and allopurinol significantly inhibited XO activity in the liver. Conclusion: In the hyperuricemia rat model, OJ extract reduced uric acid concentration and demonstrated its anti-inflammatory effects. Thus, OJ extracts can be used to lower uric acid levels.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.296-308
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• 2023

This study investigated the anti-obesity effects of Coriandrum sativum L. ethanol extracts in a high fat diet-induced obesity model (DIO). We confirmed the anti-obesity effects by analysing the expression of the related proteins, weight gain, dietary intake, dietary efficiency, blood biochemistry, histological analysis and western blot analysis. After oral administration of Coriandrum sativumL. ethanol extracts at concentrations of 250 and 500 mg/kg, a significant improvement in dietary efficiency, reduction in weight gain, triglycerides, total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol in blood lipid was observed for 8 weeks. In addition, improvement in blood glucose and metabolism confirmed through glucose tolerance test was observed. Further, the concentration of alanine transaminase (ALT) in blood was significantly decreased, which improved the fatty liver caused by high-fat diet intake as confirmed by liver tissue analysis. This phenomenon was confirmed to decrease the expression of fat accumulation-related PPARγ and FAS protein in the liver tissue. Especially, it is believed that FAS, a liposynthetic enzyme, has a stronger inhibitory effect than PPARγ. Therefore, Coriandrum sativum L. ethanol extract is thought to improve obesity by reducing blood lipids levels, improving glucose metabolism and inhibiting synthesis of the fat that accumulates in the liver in high-fat diet-induced obesity animal models.

• Archives of Obesity and Metabolism
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.35-42
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• 2024

Serotonin, a biogenic amine widely found in many organisms, functions as both a neurotransmitter and hormone. Although serotonin is involved in various physiological processes, this study aimed to review its role in energy metabolism. Given that serotonin cannot cross the blood-brain barrier and is synthesized by two different isoforms of tryptophan hydroxylase in the central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral tissues, it is reasonable to assume that serotonin in the CNS and peripheral tissues functions independently. Recent studies have demonstrated how serotonin influences energy metabolism in metabolic target organs such as the intestines, liver, pancreas, and adipose tissue. In summary, serotonin in the CNS induces satiety and appetite suppression, stimulates thermogenesis, and reduces body weight. Conversely, serotonin in the periphery increases intestinal motility, stimulates gluconeogenesis in the liver, suppresses glucose uptake by hepatocytes, promotes fat uptake by liver cells, stimulates insulin secretion while suppressing glucagon secretion in the pancreatic islets, promotes lipogenesis in white adipose tissue, inhibits lipolysis and browning of white adipose tissue, and suppresses thermogenesis in brown adipose tissue, thereby storing energy and increasing body weight. However, considering that most experimental results were obtained using mice and conducted under specific nutritional conditions, such as high-fat diets, whether serotonin acts in the same way in humans, whether it will act similarly in individuals with normal versus obese weights, and whether its effects vary depending on the type of food consumed, remain unknown.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.270-287
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• 2009

Objective : Yinjinchunggan-tang(YJCGT) is reported previously as having theraputic effects on hepatitis such as anti-implammatory, anti-apoptotic, anti-viral(HBV), etc. Though this prescription is not studied on its anti-fibrogenic effect, it is still expected to have the effect in the liver. Thus, this study was performed to investigate the anti-fibrogenic effect of YJCGT on thioacetamide(TAA)-induced liver fibrosis in rats. Method: Rat liver fibrosis was induced by intraperitoneal TAA injection(150mg/kg) 3 times a week for 5 weeks. After the YJCGT (YJCGT 1g/kg, YJCGT 2g/kg)-treatment, body weight, liver and spleen weights, liver function test, the complete blood count and the portal pressure were studied. In addition, gene expressions of ASMA, procollagen type Ia2, MMP2, TIMP1 and TIMP2, all of which are known to be associated with liver fibrosis, were analyzed by RT-PCR. After YJCGT (YJCGT 1g/kg, YJCGT 2g/kg) treatment, percentages of collagen in TAA-induced rat liver tissue were measured by image analyzer. Results : The body weight of the normal group increased more than that of the control and YJCGT-treated groups. The AST level of the YJCGT lg/kg-treated group significantly decreased compared to that of the control. The ALT and the GGT levels of the YJCGT 2g/kg-treated group significantly increased compared to those of the control. In the YJCGT-treated groups. WBC, RBC and Hgb elevated by TAA injection decreased but platelet count increased. In the YJCGT lg/kg-treated group, the portal pressure elevated by TAA injection significantly decreased. The significant decreases in the gene expressions of procollagen type Ia2, MMP2 and TIMP2 were observed in the YJCGT-treated groups. In histological findings. TAA injections caused severe liver fibrosis, but the YJCGT treatment significantly reduced the amounts of hepatic collagens. Conclusions: These results suggest that YJCGT has beneficial effects on the treatment of patients with liver cirrhosis as well as chronic hepatitis. Further study should be done to decide the optimal concentration of the YJCGT for the treatment of liver cirrhosis.