• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.21-32
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• 2003

Objective : The aim of this study is to investigate the inhibitory effect of Injinchunggantang on hepatic sclerosis induced by $CCl_4$. Methods : Weight, liver function test and complete blood cell count, gross findings, and findings on liver tissue of the past(Hematoxylin & Eosin stain, Masson-Trichrome stain) were studied. Results : When it comes to the change of rats' body weight, The $CCl_{4^+}$Injinchunggantang group lost far less weight than The $CCl_{4^-}$only group. In the liver function test, which is focused on various areas such as total cholesterol, alkaline phosphotase, albumin, aspartate transaminase, alanine transaminase, The $CCl_{4^+}$Injinchunggantang group was much more closer to normal limit than the $CCl_4$ only group. In the complete blood cell count, including white blood cell, red blood cell, hemoglobin, hematocrite, platelet, The $CCl_{4^+}$Injinchunggantang group significantly closer to normal limit than $CCl_{4^-}$only group. In the gross findings of hepatic fibrosis models, Injinchunggantang showed inhibitory effect on hepatic fibrosis in the order. In the past findings of hepatic fibrosis models in Hematoxylin & Eosin, Masson-Trichrome staining, the liver in $CCl_{4^-}$only group showed atrophy and necrotic change with white nodules, whereas that of $CCl_{4^+}$Injinchunggantang group showed lesser significant change with the well_preserved tone of the tissue. In the extent of the inhibition of the hepatic fibrosis, the Injinchunggantang group showed statistically significant inhibitory effect(p<0.05) in the sclerosis model. Conclusions : These results show that Injinchunggantang have inhibitory effect on hepatic sclerosis induced by $CCl_4$ and further ultimately prevent liver cirrhosis. To obtain more credible results in this experiment, the invention of a new experimental model more similar to human hepatic sclerosis is still needed.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.99-113
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• 1992

This study was performed to investigate the effect of dietary protein and calcium levels on cadmium detoxication in rats. Seventy male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 208 $\pm$ 19 g were blocked into 10 groups of 7 animals according to body weight. Five groups were fed 15% protein-0.6% calcium diet with 100ppm cadmium in drinking water for first 15days and the other 5groups fed same diet without cadmium in drinking water for same period and served as controls. After this 15-day intoxication period, each one of cadmium intoxication and control groups were fed each of 4 kinds of detoxifying diets different with protein(40%, 15%) and calcium(1.3%, 0.6%) levels without cadmimum in drinking water for following 15 days of detoxifying period. Results were summarized as follows: 1) Food intake, body weight gain, F.E.R. and weights of liver, kidney and femur were increased by detoxifying diets and high protein diet was most effective in weight gains of liver and kidney. 2) When cadmium and metallothionein contents of initial intoxication group and those of all detoxication groups were compared, cadmium and metallothionein contents in the liver were not changed, but those in kidney increased, and those in intestine decreased markedly. 3) Only dietary protein level affected cadmium and metallothionein distribution among organs, and cadmium contents of whole blood, liver, kidney and femur were lower in high protein diet, but metallothionein contents in liver and kidney were higher in high protein diet. 4) Gel filtration chromatogram showed that most of cadmium in the cytosol was bound to metallothionein fractions in high protein-high calcium group. Results obtained indicated that high protein diet was effective in cadmium detoxication by increasing the induction of metallothionein synthesis. But high calcium diet did not play a role in cadmium detoxication.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.109-116
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• 2005

Objectives : To investigate the hepatoprotective effect of manual acupuncture at Sam-hwang points on hepatotoxicity in $CCl_4$-intoxicated rats. Methods : Rats were injected intraperitoneally with $CCl_4$(1ml/kg) and treated with manual acupuncture at left Sam-hwang points 3 times a week for 10 weeks. A non-acupoint in left Gluteal area was selected as a sham point. Acupuncture was performed by an experienced acupuncture doctor using tonifying manipulation technique. To estimate the effects on hepatotoxici쇼, body weight and liver weight of rats were measured, and biochemical assays(ALT, AST, ALP, Total cholesterol, etc.) and blood cell analysis were performed. Results : Manual acupuncture with tonifying technique at Sam-hwang points reduced liver weight, ALT, AST, ALP activities and total cholesterol in serum significantly compared with control group. In blood cell analysis, WBC and lymphocytes were reduced but neutrophil was increased by manual acupuncture at Sam-hwang points in rats. Conclusions : Manual acupuncture with tonifying technique at Sam-hwang points has an hepatoprotective effect on $CCl_4$-induced liver damage in rats.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.22-29
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• 2001

To evaluate the cutaneous injury in liver damaged rats by toluene application to the skin, toluene(35mg/㎤) was sequentially applied for 5 days to the dorsal skin of liver damaged rats with $CCl_4$ (6 times ever other day:0.1$m\ell$/100 g body weight-50% $CCl_4$in olive oil). The cutaneous ultrastructural changes were unexoectably not observed in liver from $CCl_4$-treated rats although necrotic liver damage appeared under light microscope. In these animals by the application of toluene to rat skin the cutaneous xanthine oxidase activity was significantly increased(p<0.05), but cytochrome P450 content was not different from that of the control or only $CCl_4$-treated rats. On the other hand, the cutaneous superoxide dismutase and catalase activities in liver damaged animals were significantly respectively(p<0.05, p<0.001), decreased by toluene application to the skin compared with control and especially the former enzyme activity was significantty decreased(p<0.01), compared with that of liver damaged rate rat but glutathione peroxidase, glutathione-S-transferase activities were not significantly different from those of the control or liver damaged rats. Futhermore, the reduced gluathione content of skin was also significantly decreased by toluene application to the liver damaged animals. In conclusion, the great deposits of cerrous peroxide and ultramorphological changes in skin tissue of liver damaged animals by toluene application may be responsible for the oxygen free radical.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.199-205
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• 2006

주기적인 고온환경 부가와 백삼 및 홍삼 추출물의 투여가 흰쥐의 체중, 식이섭취량, 혈액성분, 장기중량 및 간의 지질과 산화에 미치는 영향을 살펴보았다. 흰쥐를 이용한 동물모델 실험결과, 매일 $38^{\circ}C$에서 5시간씩 7일간 고온환경을 부가한 경우 주당 평균체중 증가률이 감소하는 현상이 관찰되었으나 뚜렷한 식이섭취량 변화는 없었다. 반면 고온환경 부가전후에 백삼과 홍삼 추출물을 투여한 경우에는 고온환경 부가에 따른 평균 체중증가률 감소가 억제되었다. 고온환경 부가에 의한 혈액성분 변화를 살펴본 결과에서는 적혈구수와 혈색소량은 큰 차이를 나타내지 않았으나 백혈구수는 다소 증가하는 경향을 나타내었으며 인삼 추출물 투여는 백혈구수 증가도 억제하는 효과를 나타내었다. 고온환경 부가에 따라 장기중 간장의 중량비가 감소하였고 간의 MDA 함량이 크게 증가하였다. 인삼 추출물 투여시에 고온환경부가에 따른 간의 중량감소 및 MDA 함량 증가 등의 변화도 억제되는 효과가 있었다. 특히 간의 중량변화 및 간의 지질과산화 억제효과에 있어서는 백삼보다 홍삼 추출물의 효과가 다소 우수하였으며 통계학적으로 유의적인 수준은 아니었다. 향후 인삼중의 유효성분 구명이나 관련 물질들의 활성 변화에 대한 연구가 필요할 것으로 판단되지만 고온 등 급격한 주위환경가 변화에 대한 인삼의 생체항상성 유지효과를 일부 증명할 수 있는 결과인 것으로 판단되었다.

• Applied Microscopy
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.37-47
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• 2001

화상에 의한 피부 손상이 간에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위하여 흰쥐를 이용하여 피부 화상을 유도한 다음 각각 5시간, 24시간 후 생화학적 정량법과 형태학적 관찰을 통해 간 조직 손상의 발병기전을 검토해 보고자 하였다. 흰쥐의 화상 유발은 등쪽면의 털을 깎고(total burn surface area $20\sim25%$) $100^{\circ}C$ 물로 10초간 흡입손상 없이 피부 화상만을 가하였다. 생화학적 정량으로는 혈청 내 xanthine oxidase(XO)와 aniline aminotransferase (ALT)의 활성변화, 그리고 혈장 단백질 함량 변화를 측정하였고, 형태학적 관찰은 혈액 중 다형핵 백혈구 수의 산정과 간 세포의 미세구조 변화를 관찰하였다. 실험 결과, 화상 후 혈청 내 XO의 활성 증가(P<0.01)와 함께 체중 당 간 무게(p<0.05)와 혈청 내 ALT의 활성이 증가되었다. 화상 직후 allopurinol의 복강투여로 XO활성, 간 무게, 그리고 ALT의 활성은 모두 감소되었다. 화상 손상에 의한 간 조직의 미세구조적 변화로는 소포체 종창, 리보솜 탈락, 지방소적의 축적, 그리고 담모세관과 세포간질의 확장이 관찰되었다. 뿐만 아니라 염증세포인 호중구의 침윤과 함께 혈관 내피세포의 손상, 쿠퍼세포의 활성화, 그리고 미세융모의 손상들이 관찰되었다. 또한 혈 중 다형핵 백혈구의 수적인 변화에서 화상 유발 5시간 후에 현저히 감소되어 내부 장기에 호중구 침윤의 가능성을 알 수 있었다. 하지만 allopurinol의 투여로 이러한 미세구조의 변화를 예방할 수 있는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과들을 종합해 볼 때, 피부 화상으로부터 간 손상을 유발하는데 있어서 혈 중 XO의 활성증가가 매우 핵심적인 역할을 담당하는 것으로 사료되었다.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.23-31
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• 2014

Objectives : This study was undertaken to verify the effects of Massa Medicata Fermentata (MMF) on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) using high fat diet-fed male mice. Methods : Fifty four male C57BL/6N mice (age matched) were used for all experiments. Nine standard chow diet-fed mice were used as normal group and forty five high fat diet-fed obese mice were randomly divided into 5 groups: control, atorvastatin-10mg/kg, MMF(1)-62.5mg/kg, MMF(2)-125mg/kg and MMF(3)-250mg/kg. After all groups were treated with several kinds of diets for 8 weeks, we measured body weight gain, adipose tissue weights, plasma lipid and glucose metabolism, visceral organ weights, histological analysis for liver on the mice. Results : MMF-treated mice had lower body weight gain compared with controls. Among MMF-treated mice, the effect was magnified in MMF(2). MMF(3)-treated mice had lower blood plasma total cholesterol (TC) and glucose level compared with controls. MMF decreased hepatic lipid accumulation, liver fibrosis and liver inflammation of mice compared with controls. The effects was maximized in MMF(2) and atorvastatin. Blood plasma aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), ${\gamma}$-glutamyltransferase (${\gamma}$-GT) concentrations tends to be decreased by MMF compared with controls. Blood plasma AST, ALT, ${\gamma}$-GT concentrations and organ weights were not changed by MMF, indicating that all three kinds of MMF do not show any hepatotoxicity. Conclusions : These results suggest that MMF improves NAFLD by reducing body weight gain, hepatic lipid accumulation, liver fibrosis, liver inflammation.

• 환경생물
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.410-414
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• 2003

The effect of treatment with pine needle oil complex (complex of pine needle oil and Korean medicinal herbs) upon rat hepatocytes exposed to alcohol was investigated. We compared body weight gain and ratios of liver and kidney to body weight and the serum biochemistry of rats administered both alcohol and Pine needle oil complex to control rats treated with alcohol alone. Pine needle oil complex treatment resulted in a significant reduction in the levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and triglycerides (TG) compared to the control rats. These data suggest that Pine needle oil complex represents an excellent candidate for protection of rat hepatocytes from alcohol-mediated damage.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.89-93
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• 1987

Effects of Ssang Wha Tang (SWT), a blended Chinese traditional medicine, on the pharmacokinetics of sulfobromophthalein (BSP) were studied in the rats. BSP was administered via portal vein to the control and the SWT-treated rats. The in vitro distribution of BSP to blood cells and the hemato-physiological conditions, liver weight, GOT. GPT activity were also examined. The systemic clearance $(CL_s)$ of BSP was increased with the administration of SWT, but no significant differences were observed in the liver weight and in vitro distribution of BSP to blood cells. These results suggest that the intrinsic clearance of free BSP of the liver is increased with the administration of SWT in the rats.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.121-128
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• 1987

Protective effect of scoparone against the acetaminophen inducible hepatic toxicity in mice was investigated. Scoparone (5mg/kg) was administered intraperitoneally to mice daily for 5 days. Scoparone pretreatment before the administration of acetaminophen has blocked subsequent increases in liver to body weight ratio. When biological changes were measured, scoparone protects against acetaminophen inducible hepatotoxicity in mice as evidenced by the decreased formation of lipid peroxide, lowered serum transaminase activity and the decreased level of serum acetaminophen. In conjuction with the results of Huh (Arch. Pharm. Res. 10, 165(1987)), these results suggest that the most likely mechanism for the observed protective effects of scoparone against the acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity is the induction of hepatic microsomal UDP-glucuronyltransferase activity.