• Herbal Formula Science
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.241-255
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• 2000

Sihosamultang(SST) has been used for the treatment of puerperal fever, liver disease in traditional medicine. The present study was carried out to evaluate the antioxidant effects of SST extract in vitro. The inhibitory effect of SST extract on lipid peroxidant was examined in the linoleic acid autoxidation system. In this test, SST extract significantly inhibited the time course of the lipid peroxidation. And SST extract showed about 73% scavenging effect on DPPH radical. And this extract inhibited not only the lipid peroxide formation induced by hydroxyl radical derived from $ H_{2}O_{2}-Fe^{2+}$ in the rat liver homogenate, but also the superoxide generation from xanthine-xanthine oxidase system in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, SST extract protected the hepatic cell death induced by tert-butyl hydroperoxide. These data indicated that SST might play a protective role against oxidative injury by free radicals.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.102-106
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• 2001

To investigate the effects of leek green juice on the damaged liver of $CCl_{4}$-treated rats, Sprague-Dawley male rats weighing about 100g, were divided into 4 groups ; control group (CON), leek green juice-administered group (LGJ), $CCl_{4}$-treated group (CCL) and leek green juice and $CCl_{4}$-treated group (LCL). After 6 weeks, the activities of sGPT and sGOT, and content of hepatic TBA-reactants, elevated by $CCl_{4}$ treatment, were markedly decreased by administering leek green juice, compared to CCL. It was also observed that activities of hepatic SOD and GSH-Px were elevated by $CCl_{4}$-treatment as compared to CON, but concomitant treatment of leek green juice and $CCl_{4}$ decreased those levels adjacent to CON, whereas catalase activity did not show significant decreasing effects compared to CCL. The hepatic content of glutathione, decreased by $CCl_{4}$, was more abundantly increased by leek green juice administration than by CCL. These results suggest that leek green juice is believed to b a possible protective effect for the carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatotoxicity in rat liver.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.1-6
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• 2007

Objectives : The purpose of this study is that the protective effects of habmayou on acetaminophen (AP)-induced hepatotoxicity were investigated in mice. Methods : Before administering AP mice supplied with only water were left alone for 18 hours. after concentration and dissolution in poly ethylglycol AP 400mg per 1kg of mouse weight, we injected AP titrated density with a physiological saline solution into the abdominal cavity of mouse to induce hepatotoxicity. we researched mortality rate and the shape of liver tissue of mouse. Results : Treatment with habmayou (250 mg/kg, p.o.) 0.5 h after AP administration significantly prevented an increase in plasma alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase activities and AP-induced hepatic necrosis, and also reduced AP-induced mortality from 46% to 0%. In addition, oral treatment with habmayou significantly prevented AP-induced depletion of glutathione (GSH) contents. However, habmayou treatment, by itself, did not affect hepatic GSH contents. Conclusion : These results show that the hepatoprotective effects of habmayou against AP overdose may be due to its ability to block the bioactivation of AP by regeneration of hepatonecrotic cells.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.554-559
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• 1999

Aucubin, an iridoid glucoside isolated from Aucuba japonica, has pharmacological effects such as antimicrobial effect, liver protective function and inhibition of liver RNA and protein biosynthesis, etc. This study was performed to observe the effect of aucubin on the pulp tissue after pulpotomy. Aucubin was converted to aucubinogenin as an active form by ${\beta}$-glucosidase. In 3 Mongrel dogs, the pulps were mechanically exposed with a sterile round bur and excised with sterile excavator. After bleeding control, aucubin was applied on remaining pulp tissues and then they were sealed with IRM in experimental group. In control group, $Ca(OH)_2$ powder was applied on remaining pulp tissues and then they were sealed with IRM. After interval of 1 and 12 weeks, the dogs were sacrificed. The teeth were prepared for histologic evaluation and examined by light microscope. Aucubin 1 week group showed that mild inflammation and vascular congestion in most of the specimen. More various degree of inflammation was found in experimental group than in control group. Premature calcified mass were found in the both 1 weeks groups. Continuous well-formed dentin bridge was found in both 12 weeks groups. Collectively, this study suggests that the possibility of aucubin as a medicament after pulpotomy.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.47 no.4
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• pp.206-211
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• 2003

This study was performed to investigate the effect of Mori Folium and Crataegus pinnatifida leave extracts on liver damage induced by CC1$_4$ in rats. 30％ and 60％ methanol extracts of Mori Folium and Crataegus pinnatifida leaves were administered orally at the dose of 10 mg/kg on every day for 6 days and liver damage was induced by intraperitoneal injection of $CCl_4$ (0.4 ml/kg) on 6th day. 30％ Methanol extracts of Mori Folium treated group showed significant protective effect on hepatotoxicity with the lowest Glutamic Oxaloacetic Transaminase (GOT) and Glutamic Pyruvic Transaminase (GPT). The low density lipoprotein (LDL) levels of 30％ methanol extracts of Mori Folium and Crataegus pinnatifida leave and 60％ methanol extracts of Mori Folium treated groups were significantly lower than normal group, respectively. In particular, LDL level of 30％ Mori Folium extracts treated group was significantly decreased compared to $CCl_4$ treated group. These results support that Mori Folium and Crataegus pinnatifida leave extracts are hepatoprotective effects against hepatotoxicity induced by $CCl_4$.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.911-916
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• 2003

The effects of Opuntia ficus-indica (OF) administration on the biochemical parameters of function in liver tissue and serum of $CCl_4$ treated rats were investigated. Opuntia ficus-indica (200 mg/kg) was administered into rats intraperitoneally for two weeks. $3.3m\ell$ of $CCl_4$$_4$ (50% $CCl_4$ : Olive oil = 1 : 1) was treated to rats on the 14th day and 15th day and they were operated on 15th day. We examined the antioxidative enzymatic activity by measuring the level of AST (Aspartate aminotransferase), ALT (Alanine aminotransferase), GSH (Glutathione reduced form), GSSG (Glutathione oxidezed form), GPx (GSH-peroxidase), SOD (Superoxide dismutase) and CAT (Catalase) in serum and liver tissue of rats. OFC administered group showed 24.8% of inhibitory effect in AST activity compared to $CCl_4$ -treated abnormal group (CTA). ALT level of OF administered group was decreased by 60.7% to the level of CTA. GSH, GSSG and GPx of OFC administered group were significantly higher than those of CTA group. SOD and CAT in OFC administered group were increased by 28.3% and by 16.9% respectively compared to those of CTA group.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.413-418
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• 2004

Objectives : Cirsii Japonici Herba (CJH) is one of medicinal plants that has been frequently used for styptic purposes in Asian countries. In order to evaluate a hepatoprotective effects of CJH in the liver fibrotic diseases, the present study investigated how CJH improves a hepatic function in the dimethylnitrosamine(DMN) treated rat. Methods : CJH were orally administered to rats that has been treated with DMN. Subsequently, the amount of blood L-asparate aminotransferase (AST), L-alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and hydroxyproline were quantitated. Several histopathological markers for examining the degree of hepatic fibrosis were investigated by H-E and Masson-Trichrome staining. Results: DMN treatment caused a increase of relative liver weight to the body at 14 days after DMN induction, Administration of CJH with 100mg/kg and 1,000mg/kg dose decreased significantly the AST level elevated by DMN injection(p<0.01). But ALT level was not improved. The hydroxyproline level was reduced by a simultaneous treatment of CJH with DMN for 7 days, but not recovered completely to its normal value, CJH administration improved conspicuously the DMN-induced histopathological changes of liver such as granuloma, but cell necrosis and fibrosis were not improved with CJH 1,000mg/kg dose. Conclusion: These results indicate that CJH has protective effect on liver injury and can inhibit liver fibrosis Induced by DMN in rats.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.14 no.12
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• pp.1752-1757
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• 2001

The present study was conducted to assess the dietary effect of T-2 toxin on the antioxidant systems of the liver in growing quail and to comparatively evaluate the protective properties of two different mycotoxin-adsorbent additives, Mycosorb and zeolite, in preventing inhibition of the antioxidant system. Four groups of 4 day old quail were formed with 20 birds in each group. The birds were maintained on the floor for the course of the study. The three treatment diets consisted of the basal diet with T-2 toxin added in the form of Fusarium sporotrichioides culture (8.1 mg/kg feed), T-2 toxin (8.1 mg/kg) plus zeolite (30 g/kg feed), and T-2 toxin (8.1 mg/kg) plus Mycosorb (1 g/kg feed). After 30 days of feeding (34 days old) all birds were sacrificed and liver samples for biochemical analyses were collected from five quail in each of the four groups. Antioxidant concentrations were evaluated by HPLC-based methods. Inclusion of T-2 toxin in the quail diet was associated with a significant (p<0.05) decrease in concentrations of all forms of antioxidants studied, including ${\alpha}$- and ${\gamma}$-tocopherols, ascorbic acid, retinol and retinyl esters. At the same time, liver susceptibility to lipid peroxidation significantly (p<0.05) increased. Inclusion of zeolite in the quail diet at the level of 3% was ineffective in preventing antioxidant depletion in the liver by mycotoxicosis. In contrast, Mycosorb in the diet at a 0.1% level was able to significantly inhibit liver antioxidant depletion and as a result decreased lipid peroxidation in the liver. Concentrations of all forms of antioxidants studied were significantly higher in the livers of the quails fed the basal and T-2 toxin/Mycosorb combination in comparison to birds fed the basal with T-2 toxin alone.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.77-89
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• 2016

Objectives: The present study was conducted to examine whether Haedoksamul-tang (HS), a traditional oriental herbal medicine, have beneficail effects on anti-inflammation and dyslipidemia in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced ICR mouse. Methods: Twenty four 8-week old male ICR mouse were divided into four groups: normal untreated; LPS treatment only; HS 10 mg/kg plus LPS treatment; and HS 30 mg/kg plus LPS treatment. HS was orally administered per day for 2days. Twenty-four hours after LPS injection (10 mg/kg/day, i.p.), all the mice were sacrificed, and serological changes were evaluated. The levels of nuclear factor-${\kappa}B$ (NF-${\kappa}B$), sterol regulatory element-binding transcription protein 1 (SREBP-1) activity and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), tumor necrosis factor a (TNF-a), monocyte chemotactic protein 1 (MCP-1), acetyl-CoA carboxylase a (ACCa) expression were analyzed in Western blot analysis. Results: HS inhibited oxidative stress in the liver of LPS-induced ICR mice. The LPS-induced ICR mice exhibited the increase of NF-${\kappa}B$ activity and COX-2, iNOS, TNF-a, MCP-1 expressions in the liver, while HS treatment significantly inhibited them. Moreover, The administration of HS significantly decreased the elevated serum triglyceride and down-regulated the levels of SREBP-1, ACCa in the liver of LPS-induced ICR mice. Conclusions: In conclusion, HS could have hepato-protective effects against the oxidative stress-related inflammation and abnormal lipid metabolism.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.10-19
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• 2019

Background: Frequent overdose of paracetamol (APAP) has become the major cause of acute liver injury. The present study was designed to evaluate the potential protective effects of ginsenoside Rk1 on APAP-induced hepatotoxicity and investigate the underlying mechanisms for the first time. Methods: Mice were treated with Rk1 (10 mg/kg or 20 mg/kg) by oral gavage once per d for 7 d. On the 7th d, allmice treated with 250mg/kg APAP exhibited severeliverinjury after 24 h, and hepatotoxicitywas assessed. Results: Our results showed that pretreatment with Rk1 significantly decreased the levels of serum alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, tumor necrosis factor, and interleukin-$1{\beta}$ compared with the APAP group. Meanwhile, hepatic antioxidants, including superoxide dismutase and glutathione, were elevated compared with the APAP group. In contrast, a significant decrease in levels of the lipid peroxidation product malondialdehyde was observed in the ginsenoside Rk1-treated group compared with the APAP group. These effects were associated with a significant increase of cytochrome P450 E1 and 4-hydroxynonenal levels in liver tissues. Moreover, ginsenoside Rk1 supplementation suppressed activation of apoptotic pathways by increasing Bcl-2 and decreasing Bax protein expression levels, which was shown using western blotting analysis. Histopathological observation also revealed that ginsenoside Rk1 pretreatment significantly reversed APAP-induced necrosis and inflammatory infiltration in liver tissues. Biological indicators of nitrative stress, such as 3-nitrotyrosine, were also inhibited after pretreatment with Rk1 compared with the APAP group. Conclusion: The results clearly suggest that the underlying molecular mechanisms in the hepatoprotection of ginsenoside Rk1 in APAP-induced hepatotoxicity may be due to its antioxidation, antiapoptosis, anti-inflammation, and antinitrative effects.