• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.549-564
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• 2022

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Oxidative stress is caused by an imbalance between harmful free radicals and antioxidants. Long-term oxidative stress can lead to an "exhausted" status of antioxidant defense system triggering development of metabolic syndrome and chronic inflammation. Green perilla (Perilla frutescens) is commonly used in Asian cuisines and traditional medicine in southeast Asia. Green perilla possesses numerous beneficial effects including anti-inflammatory and antioxidant functions. To investigate the potentials of green perilla leaf extract (PE) on oxidative stress, we induced oxidative stress by high-fat diet (HFD) in aging mice. MATERIALS/METHODS: C57BL/6J male mice were fed HFD continuously for 53 weeks. Then, mice were divided into three groups for 12 weeks: a normal diet fed reference group (NDcon), high-fat diet fed group (HDcon), and high-fat diet PE treated group (HDPE, 400 mg/kg of body weight). Biochemical analyses of serum and liver tissues were performed to assess metabolic and inflammatory damage and oxidative status. Hepatic gene expression of oxidative stress and inflammation related enzymes were evaluated by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). RESULTS: PE improved hepatopathology. PE also improved the lipid profiles and antioxidant enzymes, including hepatic glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) in serum and liver. Hepatic gene expressions of antioxidant and anti-inflammatory related enzymes, such as SOD-1, CAT, interleukin 4 (IL-4) and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor (Nrf2) were significantly enhanced by PE. PE also reduced the levels of hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) and malondialdehyde (MDA) in the serum and liver; moreover, PE suppressed hepatic gene expression involved in pro-inflammatory response; Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), nitric oxide synthase (NOS), interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β), and interleukin 6 (IL-6). CONCLUSIONS: This research opens opportunities for further investigations of PE as a functional food and possible anti-aging agent due to its attenuative effects against oxidative stress, resulting from HFD and aging in the future.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.35 no.9
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• pp.919-925
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• 2002

Iron deficiency is a severe nutritional problem in the world. Coffee intake of the people is increasing every year and it can increase the loss of several essential body minerals including iron. Either iron deficiency or coffee intake may increase the oxidative stress of the body. However, the effect of iron deficiency and/or coffee intake on peroxidation have not been studied much. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of coffee intake on oxidative stress and antioxidative enzyme activities of iron-deficient rats. Forty-eight male rats of Sprague-Dawley strain were divided into two groups by dietary iron levels. Iron deficient group were fed 5 ppm iron diet and iron-sufficient group were fed 50 ppm iron diet. Each iron group were divided into three sub-groups by coffee levels (0%, 1%, 4%) included in the experimental diet. The experimental diets were fed for 4 weeks. The hemoglobin level was significantly low in iron deficient group and the level was exacerbated by high coffee intake. The malondialdehyde concentration of the plasma and liver were not affected by iron or coffee level in this study. However, plasma aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase, the indicator of the liver damage, were increased by high coffee intake. The erythrocyte and liver superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities were elevated in iron deficient groups. Coffee intake increased erythrocyte SOD activity in iron sufficient groups. Glutathione peroxidase and catalase activities were not influenced much by either iron or coffee intake. In conclusion, high coffee intake in iron deficiency may not only increase the anemia symptoms, but also may increase the oxidative stress of the body.(Korean J Nutrition 35(9) : 919~925, 2002)

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.141-148
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• 2021

Microplastic contamination in waterbodies is a growing source of concern for researchers and other stakeholders. We investigated oxidative stress and toxicity in goldfish (Carassius auratus) in response to exposure to 1-㎛ diameter micro-polystyrene (MP) at concentrations of 0, 10, 100, and 1000 beads/mL (MP 0, MP 10, MP 100, and MP 1000 groups) for 7 d (at day 0, 1, 3, 5, and 7). We analyzed the survival rates; superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) mRNA expression levels in the liver; SOD and CAT activity in the plasma; caspase-3 mRNA expression in the liver; and the levels of hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) in plasma. Terminal transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assays were also conducted to determine apoptosis levels in the liver. All fish in the MP 1000 group died by day 7 and the MP 100 group had a lower survival rate than the MP 10 and MP 0 groups. The mRNA expression as well as SOD, CAT, and caspase-3 activity levels were increased significantly with increases in MP concentration and exposure time. Finally, according to the TUNEL assay, more apoptosis was observed in the MP 1000 group at day 5 than in other groups. In summary, MP concentrations above 100 beads/mL caused death and oxidative stress to goldfish. We conclude that MP can cause oxidative stress and apoptosis in goldfish, which leads to death.

• BMB Reports
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.300-306
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• 2005

Tamoxifen citrate is an anti-estrogenic drug used for the treatment of breast cancer. It showed a degree of hepatic carcinogenesis, when it used for long term as it can decrease the hexose monophosphate shunt and thereby increasing the incidence of oxidative stress in liver rat cells leading to liver injury. In this study, a model of liver injury in female rats was done by intraperitoneal injection of tamoxifen in a dose of 45 mg/kg body weight for 7 successive days. This model produced a state of oxidative stress accompanied with liver injury as noticed by significant declines in the antioxidant enzymes (glutathione-S-transferase, glutathione peroxidase and catalase) and reduced glutathione concomitant with significant elevations in TBARS (thiobarbituric acid reactive substance) and liver transaminases; sGPT (serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase) and sGOT (serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase) levels. The oral administration of dimethyl dimethoxy biphenyl dicarboxylate (DDB) in a dose of 200 mg/kg body weight daily for 10 successive days, resulted in alleviation of the oxidative stress status of tamoxifen-intoxicated liver injury in rats as observed by significant increments in the antioxidant enzymes (glutathione-S-transferase, glutathione peroxidase and catalase) and reduced glutathione concomitant with significant decrements in TBARS and liver transaminases; sGPT and sGOT levels. The administration of DDB before tamoxifen intoxication (as protection) is more little effective than its curative effect against tamoxifen-induced liver injury. The data obtained from this study speculated that DDB can mediate its biochemical effects through the enhancement of the antioxidant enzyme activities and reduced glutathione level as well as decreasing lipid peroxides.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.53 no.4
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• pp.189-193
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• 2009

To investigate the antioxidant effect of lutein on N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDEA)-induced oxidative stress in mice, we measured lipid peroxidation, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase of various tissues. Body weight was almost similar in lutein and control groups during 3 weeks. NDEA increased significantly the activities of typical marker enzymes of liver function (AST, ALT and ALP) in both groups. However, the increase of plasma aminotransferase activity significantly decreased in lutein group. Lipid peroxidation and SOD in various tissues, such as heart, lung, liver, kidney, spleen and plasma were significantly increased by NDEA, which were significantly reduced by lutein at a dose of 50 mg/kg. Catalase activity decreased significantly in control and lutein groups treated with NDEA, the effect being less in lutein group. Lesser effect on SOD and catalase in NDEA-treated lutein group indicates the improvement of protective mechanisms by lutein. Thus, it can be concluded from the present study that lutein can offer a useful protection against NDEA-induced oxidative stress.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.291-296
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• 2014

Saururus chinensis has been reported to contain compounds such as lignans, alkaloids, diterpenes, flavonoids, tannins, steroids, and lipids. Fermentation is commonly used to break down certain undesirable compounds, to induce effective microbial conversion, and to improve the potential nutraceutical values. Previous studies have reported that the fermentation process could modify naturally occurring constituents, including isoflavons, saponins, phytosterols, and phenols, and could enhance biological activities, specifically antioxidant and antimicrobial properties. The probiotic strains used for fermentation exert beneficial effects and are safe. In this study, the antioxidative effects of the Bacillus subtilis fermentation of Saururus chinensis were investigated in a rat model with Triton WR-1339-induced hyperlipidemia by comparing the measured antioxidative biological parameters of fermented Saururus chinensis extract to those of nonfermented Saururus chinensis extract. Fermentation played a more excellent role than nonfermentation in ultimately protecting the body from oxidative stress in the liver of the experimental rats with Triton WR-1339-induced hyperlipidemia.

• Advances in environmental research
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.179-187
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• 2016

This study evaluated some markers of oxidative stress in the organs of African Catfish, Clarias gariepinus from Eleyele River in Oyo State, Nigeria. Clarias gariepinus (250 g-400 g) were collected from Eleyele River (a suspected polluted River) and Clarias gariepinus from a clean fish farm (Durantee fisheries) were used as the control. Levels of Malondialdehyde (index of lipid peroxidation), Glutathione (GSH) and activities of antioxidant enzymes- Superoxide dismutase (SOD), Catalase and Glutathione-S-Transferase (GST) were evaluated in the liver, kidney and gills of the fish. From the results, there were significant (p<0.001) increases in malondialdehyde and GSH levels in the liver, kidney and gills of Clarias gariepinus from Eleyele River compared with control. The activity of GST increased significantly (p<0.05; p<0.001) in the liver and kidney of fish from Eleyele River compared with control. There was a significant decrease (p<0.05; p<0.001) in SOD activity in all the organs of Clarias gariepinus from Eleyele River compared with conrol and also a significant (p<0.001) decrease in catalase activity in the gills and kidney of the fish but catalase activity increased in the liver. Increase in lipid peroxidation and alterations in antioxidant status in Clarias gariepinus from Eleyele River show that the fish were under oxidative stress. These suggest that the River is polluted probably as a result of various wastes frequently discharged into the River. This could pose serious health risks to consumers of water and aquatic organisms from the River.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.139-154
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• 2008

Objectives & Methods : The purpose of this study is to observe the anti-oxidative effects of electroacupuncture to Yinlingquan(SP9) in AAPH induced oxidative stress of rats. The author performed several experimental items including measurements of body weight, levels of albumin, total bilirubin, LDL-cholesterol, GOT and GPT in serum, levels of SOD, glutathione, catalase, NO and MDA in liver, histological analysis of liver. The conclusions are as follows. Results : 1. In the SP9-EA group, the level of LDL-cholesterol was significantly decreased in comparison with that of the holder group and control group. 2. In the SP9-EA group, SOD activity, glutathione concentration in liver were increased, and NO concentration was decreased significantly in comparison with those of the control group and the holder group. 3. In the SP9-EA group, the density of liver tissue was maintained more similarly to the normal group in comparison with those of the control group and the holder group. 5. The results of the SP9-NR group showed similar tendencies with those of the SP9-EA group, but the effects were lower than those of the SP9-EA group. Conclusion : These results suggest that electroacupuncture at SP9 has an anti oxidative effect through suppressing both the reduction of anti-oxidative enzymes and production of oxidized substances.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.267-274
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• 2010

We assessed the effect of Se-methylselenocysteine (MSC) treatment, at a dose of 0.75 mg/rat/day for 1 or 2 weeks, on the activities of antioxidant systems in Sprague-Dawley rat tissues. Significant changes in glutathione and antioxidant enzyme activities, with different patterns among tissues, were evidenced. Glutathione content and its reduction state in the liver, lung, and kidney were elevated upon MSC treatment, whereas they were significantly lowered in the spleen. Among the tissues exhibiting glutathione increase, there were different enzymatic responses: $\gamma$-glutamylcysteine ligase activity, the rate-limiting enzyme in the glutathione synthesis pathway, was increased in the liver, whereas the activities of the enzymes associated with glutathione recycling, namely, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, and glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase, were significantly increased in the lung and the kidney. The superoxide dismutase activity was decreased in all tissues upon MSC treatment, whereas catalase activity was increased in all tissues but the liver. Lipid peroxidation level was transiently increased at 1 week in the lung and the kidney, whereas it was persistently increased in the spleen. The increase was not evident in the liver. The results indicate that the MSC treatment results in an increase in the antioxidant capacity of the liver, lung, and kidney principally via an increase in glutathione content and reduction, which appeared to be a result of increased synthesis or recycling of glutathione via tissue-dependent adaptive response to oxidative stress triggered by MSC. The spleen appeared to be very sensitive to oxidative stress, and therefore, the adaptive response could not provide protection against oxidative damage.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.907-911
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• 1999

To evaluate the effect of defatted sesame flour(DSF) on the oxidative stress of ethanol feeding in rats, Wistar male rats were divided into 4 groups of control, ethanol, DSF and DSF ethanol. Each group was sacrificed after feeding for 4 weeks and was examined by measuring the formation of 2 thiobarbituric acid reactive substance(TBARS), total cholesterol(TC) in serum, redox glutathione S transferase(GST) enzyme activity and the contents of glutathione(GSH) in the liver. The formation of TBARS in the liver after ethanol feeding was significantly increased comparing to the control, but the levels were significantly decreased by the DSF as compared to the ethanol feeding group(p<0.05). When compared to fed control diet, we found that serum TC levels were significantly lower in the DSF fed group than control group (p<0.05). The activity of hepatic GST was significantly increased by DSF as compared to the control and was decreased by ethanol feeding. On the other hand, the hepatic contents of GSH were unaffected by DSF feeding. Our findings suggest that feeding DSF may inhibit ethanol induced oxidative stress may be due to the stimulation of antioxidative activity by sesaminol glucosides in DSF.