• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.127-136
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• 2005

Objectives : The present study attempted to reveal the effects of the combination of Fel Ursi and Bezoar on the improvement of the function of the liver, through examining the effects of Fel Ursi, Bezoar, and Woong-Whang Tang composed of Fel Ursi and Bezoar. Method : Acute hepatitis was induced by galactosamine to rats, and then Fel Ursi, Bezoar Bovis, and Woong-Whang Tang were introjected to measure the influence of serums such as AST, ALT, ALP, ${\gamma}GT$, and lipid peroxide of liver tissues which are considered as the index of the function of the liver. Results : 1. Fel Ursi decreased the lipid peroxide of ALT, ${\gamma}FT$, and liver tissue and that of mitochondria in liver tissues of the rats with galactosamine-induced acute hepatitis, but it did not have any significant effect on AST and ALP. 2. Bezoar Bovis decreased the lipid peroxide of AST, ALT, ALP, ${\gamma}GT$, and the liver tissues among serum of the rats suffering from acute hapatitis induced by galactosamine, but it did not have any significant effect on that of mitochondria of the liver tissues. 3. Woong-Whang Tang had a significant effects on the lipid peroxide of AST, ALT, ALP, ${\gamma}GT$, and the liver tissues, and on the decrease of lipid peroxide of mitochondria, among serum of the rats suffering from acute hapatitis induced by galactosamine. Conclusion : Fel Ursi and Bezoar Bovis were judged to be effective on the acute hepatitis of the liver by galactosamine. In particular, Woong-Whang Tang which was composed of the combination of Fel Ursi and Bezoar Bovis was more efficient in the improvement of the function of the liver and the amount of lipid peroxide than the respective use of Fel Ursi or Bezoar Bovis.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.10 no.6
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• pp.577-583
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• 2000

This study was designed to investigate the effect of silk fibroin (Mw 500)power (SFP) on oxygen radicals and their scavenger enzymes in liver membranes of rats. Sprague-Dawley (SD) male rats (160$\pm$10 g) were fed basic diet (control group), and experimental diets (SFP-2.5 and SFP-5.0 groups) added 2.5 and 5.0 g/kg BW/day for 6 weeks. Hydroxyl radical (.OH) levels resulted in a considerable decreases (5.8% and 8.4%, 3.7% and 11.1%, respectively) in liver motochondria and micorsomes of SFP-2.5 and SFP-5.0 groups compared with control group, and $O_2$radical level was remarkably decreased about 15% and 20% in liver cytosol of SFP-2.5 and SFP-5.0 groups compared with control group. Lipid peroxide (LPO) levels were significantly decreased (8.3% and 18.0%, 13.4% and 18.4%, respectively) in liver mitochondria and microsomes of SFP-2.5 and SFP-5.0 groups compared with control group. Oxidized protein (OP) levels were remarkably decreased about 11.6% in liver mitochondria of SFP-5.0 group compared with control group. Mn-SOD activities were remarkably in creased (17.6% and 28.8%, respectively) in mitochondria of SFP-2.5 and SFP-5.0 groups, and Cu/Zn-SOD activities were also effectively in creased (about 14.4%) in liver cytosol of SFP-5.0 groups, but significant difference between GSHPx activity in liver cytosol of these two groups could be not obtained. These results suggest that anti-aging effect of silk fibroin may play an effective anti-aging role in a aattenuating a oxidative stress and increasing a scavenger enzyme activity in liver membranes.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.63-64
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• 1984

This major sites of liquidperoxidation-damage within the cell are at biomembrances, especially those of subcellular organells such as mitochondria and microsomes whose membranes contain relatively large amount of polyunsaturated fatty acids. Mitochondria are the power plants of eukaryotic cells. Hence their damage by liquid peroxidation can profoundly affect cellular function.

• The Korean Journal of Zoology
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.87-102
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• 1978

Electron microscopic studies were made to investigate changes in the fine structure of the liver, kidney and gills of Carassius carassius L. following exposure to 1 and 2.5 ppm of $HgCl_2$. The following results were obtained: 1. In the mercury-treated liver cells, an increase in the number of lysosomes were noticed. These lysosomes appeared to be of two types; round ones containing some crystalline structures and others with phagocytosed glycogen granules and mitochondria. Also observed were mitochondrial swelling where the matrix appeared less electrondense, and segregation of the nucleoli in the nucleus. 2. In the kidney, mercury treatment resulted in thickening of the basement membrane of the glomerulus, and appearance of vacuoles and cytoplasmic bodies in the proximal convoluted tubule. The vacuoles seemed to be formed from mitochondria. Nuclear shrinkage was also noticed at 2.5 ppm of $HgCl_2$. 3. Many large and small lysosomes appeared in response to mercury in the epithelial cells of the gill lamella. Also the lamellar membrane became fuzzy in appearance. 4. It can be concluded from these results that mercury-induced changes in the fine structure are associated with activation of detoxication processes and impairment of energy metabolism.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.466-472
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• 1999

These studies were designed to investigate the effects of pine (Pinus densiflora Sieb et Zucc.) needle extract (PNE) on oxygen radicals and their scavenger enzymes in liver membranes of Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats as a study on investigation of anti-aging effect and determination of chemical structures of PNE through the animal experiments. Male SD rats were fed basic diets (control group) and experimental diets (0.5% and 1.0%-PNE group) for 6 weeks. There were no significant differences in hydroxyl radical (·OH) formations of liver mitochondria and microsomes in 0.5%-PNE group, while ·OH formations were significantly decreased (10% and 18%, respectively) in liver mitochondria and microsomes of 1.0%-PNE group compared with control group. Microsomal hydrogen peroxides and cytosolic superoxide radicals were remarkably decreased (20% and 20∼25%, respectively) in 0.5% and 1.0%-PNE groups compared with control group. Mn-SOD activities in mitochondria were significantly increased about 10% in 1.0%-PNE group, while Mn-SOD activities in mocrosomes were remarkably increased (16∼20%) in 0.5% and 1.0%-PNE groups compared with control group. There were no significant differences in Cu, Zn-SOD activities of liver cytosol in 0.5% and 1.0%-PNE groups, while glutathione peroxidase (GSHPx) and catalase (CAT) activities were significantly decreased (28∼30% and 15∼30%, respectively) in liver cytosols of 0.5% and 1.0%-PNE groups compared with control group. These results suggest that these PNE may play a effective role in a attenuating a oxygen radical formations and increasing a scavenger enzyme activities.

• Journal of Integrative Natural Science
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.137-144
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• 2022

This paper presents the effect of the supramolecular complex of GA (Glycyrrhizic acid) and Mt(menthol) and GA: Mt (4: 1) obtained on their basis can restore functional dysfunction of the liver mitochondria in alloxan diabetes, ie, inhibit lipid peroxidation. The hypoglycemic activity and mitochondrial membrane stabilizing properties of the supramolecular compound GA: Mt (4: 1) in alloxan diabetes were more pronounced than those of menthol, GA and its GK: Mt (2: 1) and GA: Mt (9: 1) compounds. According to the results obtained, the concentration of GA did not affect the peroxidation of lipid membranes of the liver mitochondria. However, a concentration of 15 μM of GA was found to reduce LPO (lipid peroxidation) formed by the effect of Fe²+ / ascorbate on the mitochondrial membrane by 58.0 ± 5.0% relative to control. The inhibitory effect of GA and its supramolecular compounds in different proportions with menthol on the peroxidation of lipids in rat heart and brain tissue has been studied

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.87-92
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• 2000

This study was designed to investigate the effects og $10{\%},\;20{\%}\;and\;40{\%}$-addition of functional brown algae (FBA)-noodles on oxygen radicals and their scavenger enzymes in liver of Sprague-Dawley(SD) male rats. Hydroxyl radicals$({\cdot}OH)$ formations were significantly inhibited$(20{\~}35{\%}\;and\;12{\~}20{\%})$ in liver mitochondria and microsomes of rats administered $0{\%},\;20{\%}\;and\;40{\%}$ FBA-noodles compared with that of control group. Significant differences in $H_2O_2$ formations of liver microsome in these FBA-noodles fed groups could not be obtained, but superoxide-radical $(O_2^({\cdot}-))$ formations of liver cytosol resulted in a significant decrease about $10{\%}\;in\;20{\%}\;and\;40{\%}$ FBA-noodles compared with control group. Mn-SOD activities in liver mitochondria were significanlty increased $(10{\~}15{\%})$ in the groups fed $10{\%},\;20{\%}\;and\;40{\%}$ FBA-noodles, while a group administered $40{\%}$ FBA-noodle only resulted In a significant increases $(about 12{\%})$ in Mn-SOD activity of liver microsomes compared with control group. Cu, Zn-SOD activities in liver cytosol were significantly increased $(10{\~}20{\%})\;in\;10{\%},\;20{\%}\;and\;40{\%}$ FEA-noodles compared with control group. Administration of $10{\%},\;20{\%}\;and\;40{\%}$ FBA-noodles resulted in a marked increases$(20{\~}40{\%})$ in liver cytosolic glutathione peroxidase (GSHPx) compared with control group. Significant differences in lipid peroxide (LPO) levels of mitochondria and microsomes in $10{\%}$ FBA-noodle could not be obtained, while LPO levels of $20{\%} and 40{\%}$ FBA-noodles were significantly inhibited about $10{\%}$ in mitochondria and microsomes compared with control group. These results suggest that these FBA-noodles may play a desirable role in attenuating an oxygen radical formations and increasing a scavenger enzymes activity by some brown algae (Undaria pinnatifida) components.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.180-184
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• 2014

Mitochondria play a crucial role in many essential biological events by way of the electron transport chains and intermembrane proteins that they contain. Abnormalities in the mitochondria are strongly correlated with the development of diseases such as atherosclerosis, cancer, and diabetes. However, the study of mitochondria has been referred to as 'labor-intensive' because of the difficulty in isolating the organelles from their various sources, which can include cultured cells and tissues. Multiple companies provide mitochondria isolation kits, and it is possible for investigators to use different kits and apply different protocols depending on the source of the mitochondria. Therefore, we focused on producing an isolation buffer that could be applied to both cultured cells and tissues, and optimized an isolation protocol that could be used with both. Specifically, we adjusted the buffer condition that can be applied to human cervical cancer cells, fibroblasts, and tissues such as mouse liver and spleen. We also optimized the protocol to improve the efficacy and efficiency of the steps involved in the isolation of mitochondria. These methodological improvements may contribute to advanced research by allowing investigators to overcome the difficulties involved in isolation of mitochondria from biological samples.

• Animal cells and systems
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.105-112
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• 2009

In this study, the effects of iron on cytochrome c oxidase (CcO) in rat lung mitochondria were examined. Similar to liver mitochondria, iron accumulated considerably in lung mitochondria (more than 2-fold). Likewise, the reactive oxygen species and nitric oxide (NO) content of mitochondria were increased by more than 50% and 100%, respectively. NO might be produced by nitric oxide synthase (NOS), eNOS and iNOS type, with particular contribution by NOS in mitochondria. The respiratory control ratio of iron overloaded lung mitochondria dropped to nearly 50% due to increased state 4. Likewise, cytochrome c oxidase activity was lowered significantly to approximately 50% due to excess iron. Real-time PCR revealed that the expression of isoforms 1 and 2 of subunit IV of CeO was enhanced greatly under excess iron conditions. Taken together, these results show that oxidative phosphorylation within lung mitochondria may be influenced by iron overload through changes in cytochrome c oxidase and NO.

• Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.163-168
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• 2005

The present investigation was undertaken in vivo to determine whether the functional alterations of hepatic mitochondria induced by ethanol might be prevented by taurine. We examined the effects of supplementation of taurine on hepatic mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation in the chronic ethanol-administered rats. Isolated hepatic mitochondria from three groups of rats were functionally tested by an analysis of $\beta-hydroxbutyrate-supported$ respiration and the coupling of this process to ATP synthesis in the presence of ADP. The three groups were control group(CO), ethanol(60g/L) administered group (AL), and ethanol (60g/L) + taurine (5g/L) supplemented group (AT). Ethanol and/or taurine were given in drinking water for 10 weeks. The mitochondria from AL group had lower state 4 respiratory rate, respiratory control (RC) ratio and ADP : O(P/O) ratio than those from CO and AT group. It showed that the ethanol administered rats were less coupled and thus less efficient with respect to mitochondrial ATP synthesis than both control rats and ethanol + taurine supplemented rats. It suggests that taurine supplementation might improve the impaired oxidative phosphorylation efficiency in mitochondrial dysfunction that is recognized as a cause of liver diseases in chronic ethanol consumption.