• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.555-560
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• 1994

In order to observe the effects of the fees mixed with the lard and two vegetable seed oils on the fatty acid compositions of liver and brain tissue, the oils mixed with 2.5% lard and various levels of perilla oil and evening primrose oil were administered to the male rats of the Sprague-Dawley for 4 weeks . In the fatty acid composition of liver lipid, saturated fatty acid (SFA) contents were rich in the phopholiipide and cholesteryl ester fraction. Monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) contents were rich in the triglyceride fraction and polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) contents were rich in the phospholipid fraction. In the fatty acid composition of liver lipid fractions, according as the contents of mixed perilla oil decreased and the contents of mixed evening primrose oil increased , n -3 PUFA contents tended to decrease and n-6 PUFA contents tended to increase. Fatty acid composition of liver lipid fractions were influenced from the fatty acid composition of the test lipids. In the fatty acid composition of brain phospholipd, PUFA contents (40%) were rich and according as the contents of mixed evening primrose oil increased, the ratio on n-3/n-6 PUFA and eicosapentaenoid acid (EPA) /arachidonic acid (AA) tended to slightly decrease.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.21 no.10
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• pp.1383-1388
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• 2008

Because of high growth rate and large deposition of fat in the abdomen, the chicken has been used as a model organism for understanding lipid metabolism, fattening and growing. In this study, differentially expression of proteins in chicken liver, one of the important organs for lipid metabolism, has been investigated at four different growing stages. After separation of proteins using two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE), more than 700 protein spots were detected. Among them, 13 growing stage specific proteins in chicken liver were selected and further investigated by matrix-assisted laser adsorptions ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). Of these, 12 proteins were matched to existing proteins based on a database search. The identified fat-related proteins in this study were fatty acid synthase (FASN) and malic enzyme (ME1). These proteins were more highly expressed at week 32 than at other weeks. In order to confirm the differential expression, one of the proteins, FASN, was confirmed by western blotting. The identified proteins will give valuable information on biochemical roles in chicken liver, especially for lipid metabolism.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.30 no.10
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• pp.1132-1139
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• 1997

The effect of dietary taurine supplementation on plasma and hepatic lipid concentrations were evaluated in rats fed one of the following two cholesterol-free diets for 5 weeks ; a control diet(CD : cholesterol -free and taurine -fee diet) and a taurine supplemented diet(TSD : CD + 1.5% taurine). There were no significant differences in liver weight and cummulative body weight gains between the groups at the end of the experimental period .However, the liver weight to body weight ratio was significantly decreased (p<0.05) by dietary taurine supplementation. Plasma concentrations of total cholesterol , LDL-cholesterol and triglyceride were significantly reduced(37%, 26% and 53% respectively) in rats fed TSD compared to those fed CD. There were no significant differences in plasma free fatty acid and total phospolipid levels between the two groups. Feeding TSD to the rats significantly reduced their hepatic triglyceride concentration(43% decrease , p<0.001) but elevated their hepatic free fatty acid level(77% increase, p<0.001) as compared to the control rats. Liver cholesterol concentration was not significantly influenced by the dietary taurine supplementation. Dietary taurine supplementation significantly reduced the percentage of phosphatidylcholine and phosp-atidylethanolamine, but elevated the prospholipids in the liver homogenates as compared to the values for the CD rats. These results suggest the possible roles of taurine as a hypochlesterolmic and hypotriglyceride agent in rats fed a cholesterol-free diets.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.192-202
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• 1994

The fatty acid composition of a rapeseed oil being on the market was analyzed and the effect on gain of the body weight and lipid levels in serum and liver tissue of male rats of Sprague-Dawely strain fed the diet containing the rapeseed oil were studied. The fatty acid components of marketed rapeseed oil was oleic acid 29.4%, erucic acid 26.52%, linoleic acid 20.39% and linolenic acid 8.68%. The contents of total lipid in serum W3S Significantly higher in RSO20 group than Contr01 group(P< 0.01) . But that in the liver tissue did 001 show significant differences. The contents of triglyceride in serum was control group 84.14mg/dll, RSO15 group 100.33mg 141 and RSO20 group 122.00mg 141 and showed significant difference between each group, but that in the livertissue did not show significant differences. The contents of phospholipid in serum did not show significant differences. But that in the liver tissue showed significant difference between the control group 8.42mg /g and Rs02o group 7.34mg /g(p<0.001). The contents of total-cholesterol and free-cholesterol in serum and liver tissue of the RSO20 group showed the highest levels compared with control group, but there did not show significant differences. The contents of ester-cholesterol in serum showed significant.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.519-525
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• 1999

The effects of Ganoderma Lucidum consumption (GL) on the liver function and lipid metabolic disorder induced by alcohol consuming were studied in rats using GL powder(1%, 2%, 4%) and 10% ethly alcohol. Thirty-five rats(Sprague-Dawley, male) were divided into five groups and fed experimental diets for seven weeks. The concentrations of serum cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol and triglyceride were the highest in the alcohol group, while the levels were apparently reduced by in groups fed GL. The atherogenic indices(AI) also tended to be higher in the alcohol group. Glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase(GOT) activities were significantly lower in body alcohol + 2% GL and alcohol + 4% GL groups, and glutamic pyruvic transaminase(GPT)activities lower only in the alcohol + 2% GL compared with the alcohol group. Alkaline phosphatase(ALP) activities were not significantly different among the groups. The elevated levels of liver cholesterol and triglyceride due to alcohol consumption, were apparently reduced by GL supplementation. On microscopic observation of liver tissues, fat droplets appeared extensively on the liver-lobule in the alcohol group, while fat droplets appeared only on the central vein in the alcohol + 1% GL group. However, in groups administered 2% and 4% GL, fat droplets appeared similar to the alcohol group. The concentrations of fecal bile acid were significantly increased in groups fed GL. These results indicate that GL exerted some beneficial effects on lipid metabolic disorder caused by long-term alcohol consumption. Thus, it seems that GL may be effective in preventing or curing some aspects of alcohol toxicity. More detailed studies are needed in order to determine proper dietary levels of GL for combating alcohol toxicity.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.9-22
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• 1989

The effect of different levels of Zn (0, 30, 300ppm) and protein(7, 20, 40%) in the diet upon lipid metabolism was investigated in Sprague-Dawley male rats weighting 180.54$\pm$29.08g(n=450 fed one of nine diets in a 3$\times$3 factorial design for 5 weeks. The reults obtained were summarized as following. 1) Total lipid contents in serum and liver were tended to be lower in LZn group than CZn and Hzn groups. Those of LP group were higher than CP and HP groups. 2) HDL-cholesterol and total cholesterol contents in serum were significantly affected by dietary Zinc level and were increased as dietary Zinc level increase. 3) Total cholesterol in liver and muscle were tended to be decrease as dietary Zinc level increase. Those in LP group were higher than CP and HP groups. 4) Zinc contents in plasma, liver, muscle and testis were tended to be lower in LZn group than CZn and HZn groups. 5) Protein contents in plasma and liver lower in LZn group than CZn and HZn groups when dietary protein level was 7% and 20%. Those in LP group were lower than those in CP and HP groups. 6) Cu contents in plasma, liver, muscle and testis were tended to be decreased as dietary Zinc level increase.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.32 no.9
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• pp.1458-1468
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• 2019

Objective: As one of the most important metabolic organs, the liver plays vital roles in modulating the lipid metabolism. This study was to compare miRNA expression profiles of the Large White liver between two different developmental periods and to identify candidate miRNAs for lipid metabolism. Methods: Eight liver samples were collected from White Large of 70-day fetus (P70) and of 70-day piglets (D70) (with 4 biological repeats at each development period) to construct sRNA libraries. Then the eight prepared sRNA libraries were sequenced using Illumina next-generation sequencing technology on HiSeq 2500 platform. Results: As a result, we obtained 346 known and 187 novel miRNAs. Compared with the D70, 55 down- and 61 up-regulated miRNAs were shown to be significantly differentially expressed (DE). Gene ontology and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes enrichment analysis indicated that these DE miRNAs were mainly involved in growth, development and diverse metabolic processes. They were predicted to regulate lipid metabolism through adipocytokine signaling pathway, mitogen-activated protein kinase, AMP-activated protein kinase, cyclic adenosine monophosphate, phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase/protein kinase B, and Notch signaling pathway. The four most abundantly expressed miRNAs were miR-122, miR-26a and miR-30a-5p (miR-122 only in P70), which play important roles in lipid metabolism. Integration analysis (details of mRNAs sequencing data were shown in another unpublished paper) revealed that many target genes of the DE miRNAs (miR-181b, miR-145-5p, miR-199a-5p, and miR-98) might be critical regulators in lipid metabolic process, including acyl-CoA synthetase long chain family member 4, ATP-binding casette A4, and stearyl-CoA desaturase. Thus, these miRNAs were the promising candidates for lipid metabolism. Conclusion: Our study provides the main differences in the Large White at miRNA level between two different developmental stages. It supplies a valuable database for the further function and mechanism elucidation of miRNAs in porcine liver development and lipid metabolism.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.736-742
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• 1994

This study was designed to observe the effects of the mixed diets of edible mushrooms and vegetables oils on the lipid component and fatty acid composition in liver of the diet induced hydpercholesterolemic rats. Ten groups of male S.D. rats were fed a basal diet supplemented with 5% of one of three mushrooms(G.I, L.e, A.j) and 10% of one of three vegetable oils (olive ,safflower perilla) for three weeks. In liver, total cholesterol concentration was significantly low in group 3 (olive oil 10 % + L. edodes 5%) and 6 (safflower oil 10 % $_2$L. edodes 5%) , triglyceride concentration was low in groups 8 (perilla oil 10 % + g. lucidum 5%) and 9 (perilla oil 10% + L. edodes 5%) and phospholipid concentration was significantly low in groups 3, 5, (safflower oil 10 % + G.lucidum 5%), 6, 7 (safflower oil 10 % + A .judae 5%) 8, 9 and 10 (perilla oil 10% + a. judae 5%). in the fatty acid composition of total lipid inliver, monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) concentration s were high in groups 2 (olive oil 105 + g. lucidum 5%), 3, and 4 (olive oil 10% + A. judae 5%) and all the perilla oil groups, polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) and linoleic aicd concentrations were signifciantly high in all the safflower oil groups. In the fatty acid composition of liver phospholipid , PUFA concentrations were ghih but MUFA concentrations were low. In the triglyceride component, MUFA were some more than saturated fatty acid (SFA) . In the cholesteryl ester component, MUFa concentrations were significantly high. In the fatty acid composition of liver lipid components, linholeic acid was high in the PUFA and so it was major fatty acid. Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) of phospholipid component in liver was significantly high.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.4 no.6
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• pp.462-469
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• 2010

Protamine has been widely used as a pharmaceutical product and natural food preservative. However, few studies have been conducted to assess the beneficial function of dietary protamine. This study examined the effects of dietary salmon protamine on serum and liver lipid levels and the expression levels of genes encoding proteins involved in lipid homeostasis in the liver of rats. Groups of male Wistar rats were fed AIN93G diet containing 2% or 5% protamine. After 4 weeks of feeding these diets, markedly decreased serum and liver cholesterol (CHOL) and triacylglycerol levels were noted. Increased activity of liver carnitine palmitoyltransferase-2 and acyl-CoA oxidase, which are key enzymes of fatty acid ${\beta}$-oxidation in the mitochondria and peroxisomes, was found in rats fed on protamine. Furthermore, rats fed protamine showed enhanced fecal excretion of CHOL and bile acid and increased liver mRNA expression levels of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) G5 and ABCG8, which form heterodimers and play a major role in the secretion of CHOL into bile. The decrease in triacylglycerol levels in protamine-fed rats was due to the enhancement of liver ${\beta}$-oxidation. Furthermore, rats fed protamine exhibited decreased CHOL levels through the suppression of CHOL and bile acid absorption and the enhancement of CHOL secretion into bile. These results suggest that dietary protamine has beneficial effects that may aid in the prevention of lifestyle-related diseases such as hyperlipidemia and atherosclerosis.

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.127-132
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• 2005

The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of hot water soluble extract from Angelicae Radix on the components of serum and liver and the effects on the antioxidant system. For this purpose, five experimental groups were set up. And for fat source, perila oil enough with unsaturated fatty acid and beef tallow enough with saturated fatty acid were supplemented to the rats together with hot water soluble extract from Angelicae Radixs. Five experimental groups kept eight Sprague-Dawley rats respectively. They were CO group supplemented with basic diet of AIN-93, PO group supplemented with perila oil, POA group supplemented with perila oil and hot water soluble extract from Angelicae Radix, BT group supplemented with beef tallow, and BTA group supplemented with beef tallow and hot water soluble extract from Angelicae Radix. The results were; 1) Final weight, weight gain, fluid intake and FER were not different significantly among the experimental groups, 2) Significant difference of food intake was observed(p<0.05) in BTA group only, 3) No significant difference was observed in serum total lipid, serum triglyceride and HDL cholesterol among experimental groups. Serum total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol were significantly low(p<0.05) in the group supplemented with beef tallow which was with hot water soluble extract from Angelicae Radix (BTA group). 4)Liver total cholesterol in liver was low in groups supplemented with perila oil and hot water soluble extract from Angelicae Radix. In summary, hot water soluble extract from Angelicae Radix did not affect the weight gain, fluid intake and food efficiency ratio among the experimental groups, but had an effect of lowering food intake, serum total cholesterol and serum LDL cholesterol significantly in the groups which were supplemented with beef tallow and hot water soluble extract from Angelicae Radix. The effect of lowering liver total cholesterol with the supplementation of hot water soluble extract from AnRelicae Radix was observed in perila oil group only. The effect of lowering cholesterol with the supplementation of hot water soluble extract from Angelicae Radix was observed both in serum and in liver.