• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제39권2호
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• pp.100-108
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• 2006

This study was conducted to investigate whether dietary factors, normal fat and genistein leads to beneficial improvement of lipid metabolism and oxidative stress in adult hyperlipidemic male rats. Seven wk-old male SD rats were fed high fat diet (15% fat, 1% cholesterol) for 4 wks for induction of hyperlipidemic model rat. Weight-matched rats were then assigned to four groups according to dietary fat level (7% or 15% fat) and genistein contents (0 or 320 mg/kg diet). Food intake was significantly decreased by both high fat intake and genistein supplementation compared with normal fat intake and genistein no supplementaion. But weight gain was significantly decreased by genistein supplementation in normal fat intake compared with the other groups. Total lipid, total cholesterol and triglyceride in serum and liver were significantly decreased by normal fat intake compared with high fat intake. But total cholesterol in liver was significantly increased by genistein supplementation in both high fat and normal fat intake. TBARS in serum and liver was less produced by normal fat intake compared with high fat intake but TBARS in liver was significantly increased by genistein supplementation compared with genistein no supplementation in normal fat intake. Glutathione reductase activity in erythrocytes was significantly reduced by genistein supplementation in normal fat intake compared with the other groups. Glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase activities in liver were significantly inhibited by normal fat intake compared with high fat intake. Catalase activity in liver was significantly increased by genistein supplementation compared with genistein no supplementation in high fat intake. Nitrite was significantly decreased by normal fat intake compared with high fat intake. These results suggest that normal fat intake has the treatment effect against risk factors related with cardiovascular disease by reducing lipid profiles, lipid peroxidation. And genistein shows action as a antioxidant replacing antioxidant enzymes but also may act as prooxidant causing the production of TBARS.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제10권6호
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• pp.577-583
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• 2000

This study was designed to investigate the effect of silk fibroin (Mw 500)power (SFP) on oxygen radicals and their scavenger enzymes in liver membranes of rats. Sprague-Dawley (SD) male rats (160$\pm$10 g) were fed basic diet (control group), and experimental diets (SFP-2.5 and SFP-5.0 groups) added 2.5 and 5.0 g/kg BW/day for 6 weeks. Hydroxyl radical (.OH) levels resulted in a considerable decreases (5.8% and 8.4%, 3.7% and 11.1%, respectively) in liver motochondria and micorsomes of SFP-2.5 and SFP-5.0 groups compared with control group, and $O_2$radical level was remarkably decreased about 15% and 20% in liver cytosol of SFP-2.5 and SFP-5.0 groups compared with control group. Lipid peroxide (LPO) levels were significantly decreased (8.3% and 18.0%, 13.4% and 18.4%, respectively) in liver mitochondria and microsomes of SFP-2.5 and SFP-5.0 groups compared with control group. Oxidized protein (OP) levels were remarkably decreased about 11.6% in liver mitochondria of SFP-5.0 group compared with control group. Mn-SOD activities were remarkably in creased (17.6% and 28.8%, respectively) in mitochondria of SFP-2.5 and SFP-5.0 groups, and Cu/Zn-SOD activities were also effectively in creased (about 14.4%) in liver cytosol of SFP-5.0 groups, but significant difference between GSHPx activity in liver cytosol of these two groups could be not obtained. These results suggest that anti-aging effect of silk fibroin may play an effective anti-aging role in a aattenuating a oxidative stress and increasing a scavenger enzyme activity in liver membranes.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.347-353
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• 2000

This study was designed to investigate the effects of silkworm (Bombyx mori L.) powder (SWP) on oxygen radicals and their scavenger enzymes in liver membranes of rats. Sprague-Dawley(SD) male rats(160$\pm$10g) were fed basic diet (control group), and experimental diets(SWP-200 and SWP-400 groups) added 200 and 400 mg/kg BW/day for 6 weeks. Hydroxyl radical (.OH) levels resulted in a consistent decreases (4.0% and 7.2%, 5.0% and 14.1%, respectively) in liver mitochondria and microsomes of SWP-200 SWP-400 groups compared with control group, and O2 radical level was significantly decreased about 12% in liver cytosol of SWP-400 group compared with control group. Lipid peroxide(LPO) levels were significantly decreased (14.4% and 9.1%, respectively) in liver mitochondria and microsomes of SWP-400 group only compared with control group. Oxidized protein (OP) levels were remarkably decreased about 12.7% and 16.3% in liver microsomes only of SWP-200 and SWP-400 groups, but significant difference between liver mitochondria could not obtained. Mn-SOD activities were remarkably increased (15.8% and 25.2%, respectively) in mitochondria of SWP-200 and SWP-400 groups, but significant difference between Cu, Zn-SOD activities in these group could be not obtained. GSHPx activity was significantly increased in liver cytosol of SWP-400 group compared with control group. These results suggest that silkworm powder may play an effective role in a attenuating a oxidative stress and increasing a scavenger enzyme activity in liver membranes.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.87-104
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• 1983

It has been well documented that animals exposed to cold show increased activity of thyroid gland. The calorigenic action of thyroid hormone has been demonstrated by a variety of in vivo and in vitro studies. According to Edelman et al., the thyroid thermogenesis is due to activation of energy consuming processes, especially the active sodium transport by the hormone in target tissues. If so, the increase in thyroid activity during cold exposure should induce increased capacity of sodium transport in target tissue and the change in tissue metabolism should be precisely correlated with the change in Na+_K+_ATPase activity of the tissue. This possibility was tested in the present study: in one series, changes in oxygen consumption and Na+_K+_-ATPase activity of liver preparations were measured in rats as a function of thyroid status, in order to establish the effect of thyroid hormone on the tissue respiration and enzyme system in another series, the effect of cold stimulus on the serum thyroid hormone level, hepatic tissue oxygen consumption and Na+_K+_ATPase activity in rats. The results obtained are as follows: 1. The Na+_dependent oxygen consumption of liver slices, the oxygen consumption of liver mitochondria and the Na+_K+_ATPase activity of liver preparations were significantly inhibited in hypothyroidism and activated in hyperthyroidism. Kinetic analysis indicated that the Vmax. of Na+_K+_ATPase was decreased in hypothyroidism and increased in hyperth)'roidism. 2. In cold exposed rats, the serum triiodothyronine (T₃) level increased rapidly during the initial one day of cold exposure, then declined slowly to the control level after two weeks. The serum thyroxine (T₄) level decreased gradually throughout the cold exposure. Accordingly the T₃/T₄ratio increased. The mitochondrial oxygen consumption and the Na+_dependent oxygen consumption of liver slices increased during the first two days and then remained unchanged thereafter The activity of the Na+_K+_ATPase in liver preparations increased during cold exposure with a time course similar to that of oxygen consumption. Kinetic analysis indicated that the Vmax. of Na+_K+_ATPase increased. 3. Once the animal was adapted to cold, induction of hypothyroidism did not significantly alter the hepatic oxygen consumption and Na+_K+_ATPase activity. These results indicate that: 1) thyroid hormone increases capacities of mitochondrial respiration and active sodium transport in target tissues such as liver; 2) the increased T₃level during the initial period of cold exposure facilitates biosynthesis of Na+_K+_ATPase and mitochondrial enzymes for oxidative phosphorylation, leading to enhanced production and utilization of ATP, hence heat production.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.267-273
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• 1998

Pretreatment of acidic polysaccharide of Korean red ginseng (AcPS) for two weeks remarkably lowered the elevated content of lipid peroxide and levels of aminotransferases, sorbitol dehydrogenase, ${\gamma}$-glutamyltransferase, alkaline phosphatase and lactate dehydrogenase in liver intoxicated by acetaminophen (AA) . Pretreatments of AcPS also strengthen the liver function of glutathione related detoxication system indicated by glutathione contents and activities of glutathione S-transferase and glutathione reeducates which were affected by AA treatments. Activity of ${\gamma}$-glutamylcysteine syntheses was not changed by AcPS pretreatment whereas the activity of flu tathione reeducates was increased significantly. These results collectively indicate that the treatments of AcPS can promote the metabolism of lipid and reduce the production of peroxide in acetaminophen-intoxicated animals.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제17권5호
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• pp.354-359
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• 1994

The activity of SD-framesylcysteine O-methyltransferase was assayed by incubating the enzyrne with a synthetic in vitro substrate, [N-acetyl-S-trans, trns-famesyl-L-cysteine (AFC)], together with S-adenosyl-L-[emthyl-$_{14}$C)ester(AFCME)], was then analyzed either directly on HPLC or by converting the AFC[$methyl^{14}C$]ME to [$methyl^{14}C$] aclcohol by basehydrolysis. Employing these two analytical methods, it was established that a peptide purifed from rat liver cytosol fraction [Int. J. Biochem., 25, 1157 919930] strongly inhibited the above enzyme activity with $IC_{50}\; of\; 7.1\times 10^{-8}$ M. Also, the S-famesylcysteine O-methyltransferase from several human colon cancer cells was equally inhibited by the peptide.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제21권6호
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• pp.567-570
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• 2000

Bovine liver catalase was exposed to cysteine, as a natural inactivator metabolize, causing autoxidation-generating $H_2O_2$ continuously. The catalase species concentrations and activity measurement were done by spectrophotometry in phosphate buffer 10mM, pH 6.5, and 27 $^{\circ}C$. The activity of catalase decreased continuously due to the conversion of active ferricatalase species, E-Fe (III), to an inactive enzyme species, E-Fe (IV). This conversion is related to the slow production of $H_2O_2generated$ by autoxidation of cysteine. The free SH-group of cysteine has an essential role in production of $H_2O_2$ and hence inactivation of catalase. NADPH can protect catalase against inactivation due to the conversion of inactive form of E-Fe (IV) to ferricatalase species, E-Fe (III).

• 대한약학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한약학회 2003년도 Proceedings of the Convention of the Pharmaceutical Society of Korea Vol.2-2
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• pp.201.1-201.1
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• 2003

Study of Acyl-CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT) inhibitors from medicinal plants, we found strong inhibitory activity of ACAT enzyme from rat liver microsome by the CHC1$_3$ extract of Piper longum. Bioactivity-guided fractionation led to the isolation of Guineensine (1), its structure was elucidated by spectroscopic (IR, UV, MS and NMR) means. It inhibited ACAT activity in a dose-dependent manner with IC$\sub$50/ values of 1.2 $\mu\textrm{g}$/ml on in vitro assay using rat liver microsome.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제37권10호
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• pp.872-880
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• 2004

This study was performed to investigate the effect of Puerariae radix-ethanol extracts rich in isoflavone on the antio-xidative system of rats. For this purpose, first, Puerariae radix was extracted with ethanol, and its total isoflavone and puerarin contents were analysed. Second, female Sprague Dawley rats were fed for 6 weeks with four diets which were based on AIN96G diet and supplemented with Puerariae radix-ethanol extracts to contain isoflavone. The isoflavone contents of four experimental diets were 0 mg, 500 mg, 1,000 mg, 2,000 mg per kg diet, respectively (control, P0.05%,P0.1%, P0.2%). Liver and erythrocyte activities of antioxidative enzyme such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase,glutathione peroxidase (GSHpx) were measured. Also, plasma and liver malondialdehyde (MDA) concentrations, liver glutathione (GSH) and oxidized glutathione (GSSG) concentrations were measured. The total isoflavone content of Puerariae radix-ethanol extract was 3067.6 mg per 100 g extract and the content of puerarin was 2557.4 mg per 100 g extract. The erythrocyte activities of GSH-Px and catalase were higher in group P0.1% and P0.2%. But SOD activity of erythocyte did not show any difference by the Puerariae radix-ethanol extract supplementation in diet. The activity of SOD in liver increased significantly by the supplementation of extract, showing highest level in P0.1% group. The liver GSH concentration increased significantly in group of P0.05%, P0.1%, and P0.2% compared with control group (p <0.05). The GSSG concentration in liver showed no difference by the supplementation of Puerariae radix extract from the control group, except P0.2% group. The plasma MDA concentration did not show any significant differences by the extract supplementation. But the liver MDA concentration decreased by the extract supplementation, showing the lowest level in P0.1 % diet group. These results suggest that the supplementation of Puerariae radix-ethanol extract can inhibit lipid peroxidation in liver and enhance the antioxidative defense competence of rats.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.67-70
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• 1998

To investigate an effect of Gam-Roa tea on the free radical or alcohol detoxicating enzyme activities, the rats got a drink at the Gam-Roa tea instead of water for 3 months, and then the animals were sacrificed and obtained the following findings. The animals receiving Gam-Roa tea showed a decreasing tendency of hepatic xanthine oxithine oxidase activity and significantly incresed content of cytochrome P-450 compared with the control. Furthermore, hepatic superoxide dismutase and glutathione S-transferase activities were also more increased in rats received Gam-Roa tea than in the control group, those receiving water. On the other hand, alcohol or aldehyde dehydrogenase activities were more increased in rats receiving Gam-Roa tea than the control. In conclusion, it is likely that the liver of rats receiving Gam-Roa tea may have the oxygen free radical or alcohol detoxication potential.