• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.279-290
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• 2002

This study was performed to assess age-related changes in DNA damage and antioxidative capacity in 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, and 24 months old Sprague-Dawley male rats. The following were measured the degree of oxidative DNA damage as indicated by levels of 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (80HdG) in the kidney ; the peroxidized lipid concentrations in the plasma and the liver, as indicated by the levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS); and the levels of antioxidant enzyme activities in the erythrocytes and the liver. Both body weight (BW) and epididymal fat pad (EFP) weight per BW increased with age until 16 months, then decreased slightly from 20 to 24 months. However, the weights of the liver, kidney and spleen per BW decreased with age. Concentrations of 8-OHdG in the kidney increased with age, only slightly front 4 to 16 months, and then markedly from 16 to 24 months. TBARS concentrations in the plasma and liver were shown to increase with age, being lowest in the 4 month-old group and highest in the 24 month-old group. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in the erythrocytes increased with age Catalase activity in the erythrocytes increased from 4 to 16 months, then decreased from 20 to 24 months. Glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity in the erythrocytes showed no age-related change. Liver SOD activity decreased with age, particularly from 16 to 20 months, but catalase and GSH-Px activities in the liver showed no significant changes. These results showed that during the normal aging of SD rats, DNA damage in the kidney and TBARS concentrations in the plasma and liver increased with age, particularly after 16 months, and the imbalance of antioxidative enzyme activities in the erythrocytes accelerated with age.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.329-335
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• 2006

The present study was designed to investigate aging-related effects on the activities of xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes of rat liver by dietary supplementation of Korean red ginseng water-extract. Rat did not show any discernible signs of the rejection symptoms, and blood GOT and GPT levels were not influenced by ginseng water extracts, Cytochrome 450 levels and NADPH cytochrome P45O reductase, p-450 dependent ethoxycoumarin O-deethylase, and benzphetamine N-demethylase activities were decreased with aging, however, these phase I system enzymes activities in the ginseng group of24 months were well maintained compared with normal group. But, Levels of cytochrome bs and NADH-cytochrome b$_5$ reductase activities were also decreased with aging and were not found a clear difference between two groups. Glutathione-s-transferase activity, phase II enzyme system, in liver cytosols was also decreased in old ages, but the degree of decrease was higher in normal group than in giuseng supplemented group. These results indicate that long-term supplementation of red ginseng water extracts from weaning to 24 months do not show any side effects to rats, and retard age-related deteriorations of xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes activities in old ages.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.59-69
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• 1995

This study designed to compare the hypolipidemic e(feats of n6 linoleic acid (LA), n3 w-linolenic acid(LL) and n3 eicosapentaenoic acid(EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid(DHA) In rats fed high fat (40% Cal) diet. Male Sprague-Dawley rats fed experimental diets for 6 weeks, which were different only in fatty acid composition. The dietary fats were beef tallow (BT) as a source of saturated fatty acid (SFA), corn oil(CO) for n6 LA, perilla oil (PO) for n3 a-LL and fish oil (FO) for n3 EPA+DHA. Plasma total cholesterol (T-chol) level was increased by n6 LA but decreased by n3 LL and n3 EPA+DHA and most effectively reduced by n3 EPA+DHA. Plasma triglyceride(TG ) level was reduced by n6 LA, but lipogenesis in liver was not affected by n6 LA. However, plasma TG level was lowered by n3 LL and EPA+DHA. Both lipogenic enzyme activity and liver TG level were also decreased by n3 PUFA. PO and FO groups were significantly higher in the relative Proportions of C20:5 and C22:6 of plasma and liver and lower in those of C20:4/C20:5 ratio. Overall, the lipid-lowering effect was in the order of n3 EPA+DHA >n3 LL > n6 LA and fish oil and perilla oil rich in n3 PUFA may have important nutritional applications in the prevention and treatment of hyperlipidemia.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.260-264
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• 1999

Korean traditional fermented soy paste (doenjang) prolonged the life span of Balb/c mice injected with the sarcoma-180 cells. The activities of liver enzymes, such as xanthine oxidase, aminopyrine N-demethylase, aniline hydroxylase, ${\gamma}$-glutamylcysteine synthetase, glutathione reductase and glutathione S-transferase (GST), and the contents of lipid peroxide and glutathione were determined from the sarcoma-180 cell injected mice that were treated with methanol extracts from doenjang, miso and soybean. The content of lipid peroxide and the activity of xanthine oxidase in the liver of Balb/c mice which were increased by the transplantation of the sarcoma-180 cells were decreased by treatment with the methanol extract from doenjang. But the activities of aminopyrine N-dementhylase and aniline hydroxylase were not affected by the treatment of methanol extracts from doenjang to the mice injected with the sarcoma-180 cells. The content of glutathione, the activities of glutamylcysteine synthetase, glutathione reductase and glutathione S-transferase decreased by the injection of the sarcoma-180 were recovered considerably by the treatment of the methanol extract from doenjang.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.50
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• pp.29.1-29.6
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• 2020

Erythronium japonicum (E. japonicum) and Corylopsis coreana Uyeki (C. coreana Uyeki, Korean winter hazel) have been shown to significantly decrease 1,3-dichloro-2-propanol (1,3-DCP)-induced generation of reactive oxygen species and CYP2E1 activity in HuH7, human hepatocytes. In this study, we expanded upon the previous study and investigated the effects of E. japonicum and C. coreana Uyeki extracts on 1,3-DCP-induced liver damage in rats. The pre-treatment of rats with these extracts alleviated a decrease in body weight and reduced 1,3-DCP-induced increase in catalytic activities of hepatic enzymes, such as aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase, in the serum. Moreover, treatment with the extracts restored the 1,3-DCP-induced decreases in anti-oxidant enzyme activities, such as the activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase, in the rat liver. Histopathological studies also strongly supported the results of enzyme activities. These results suggest a possibility that the extracts of E. japonicum and C. coreana Uyeki can be a remedy for alleviating 1,3-DCP-induced liver damage in animals.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.190-197
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• 1992

The increased level of glucose, ketone bodies, non-esterified fatty acids and lactate in blood, decrease of glycogen content, phosphofructokinase activities and glucokinase activity and the increased level of glucose-6-phosphatase activity in the liver of streptozotocin injected rats were significantly moderated by ginseng saponin administration. It is not likely, however, that the hypoglycomic action of ginseng saponin might be due to their direct action on enzyme activities, since the saponin effect of servers enzymes in vitro was not enough to explain such an appreciable hypoglycemic activity of the saponin in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats, for which much work have to be done.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.18 no.11
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• pp.1609-1616
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• 2005

Ninety advanced Catla catla fingerlings (av. wt. 16 g) were randomly distributed in six treatment groups with three replicates each for an experimental period of 60 days to study the effect of dietary lipid source on growth, enzyme activities and immuno-hematological parameters. Six isoprotein (40.0-41.9%) and isocaloric (4,260 kcal $kg^{-1}$) semi-purified diets were prepared with varying levels of soybean oil (SBO) and cod liver oil (CLO) within a total of 8% lipid viz., $D_1$ (Control), $D_2$ (8% SBO), $D_3$ (6% SBO and 2% CLO), $D_4$ (4% SBO and 4% CLO), $D_5$ (2% SBO and 6% CLO) and $D_6$ (8% CLO). Highest SGR was noted in $D_5$ (0.73${\pm}$0.03) group, which was similar with $D_3$ (0.71${\pm}$0.02) and $D_4$ (0.69${\pm}$0.01) groups. Activity of intestinal lipase, hepatic glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH) and aspartate amino transferase (AST) of the lipid treatment groups were significantly higher (p<0.05) than the control group. The respiratory burst activity of the phagocytes (Nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT)) was highest in $D_2$ (1.95${\pm}$0.21) followed by $D_3$ (1.19${\pm}$0.15) group, which were significantly (p<0.05) higher than the other groups. Globulin level was significantly higher in $D_3$ (1.29${\pm}$0.08) than in the other groups expect $D_4$. Hemoglobin content and total erythrocyte count did not show any significant difference. From this study, it is concluded that a diet containing 6% soybean oil and 2% cod liver oil ($D_3$) yields higher growth and immune response in Catla catla fingerlings and would be cost effective.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.48 no.3
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• pp.151-169
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• 2015

Objectives: The deleterious effects of air pollution on various health outcomes have been demonstrated. However, few studies have examined the effects of air pollution on liver enzyme levels. Methods: Blood samples were drawn up to three times between 2008 and 2010 from 545 elderly individuals who regularly visited a community welfare center in Seoul, Korea. Data regarding ambient air pollutants (particulate matter ${\leq}2.5{\mu}m$ [$PM_{2.5}$], nitrogen dioxide [$NO_2$], ozone [$O_3$], carbon monoxide, and sulfur dioxide) from monitoring stations were used to estimate air pollution exposure. The effects of the air pollutants on the concentrations of three liver enzymes (aspartate aminotransferase [AST], alanine aminotransferase [ALT], and ${\gamma}$-glutamyltranspeptidase [${\gamma}$-GTP)]) were evaluated using generalized additive and linear mixed models. Results: Interquartile range increases in the concentrations of the pollutants showed significant associations of $PM_{2.5}$ with AST (3.0% increase, p=0.0052), ALT (3.2% increase, p=0.0313), and ${\gamma}$-GTP (5.0% increase, p=0.0051) levels; $NO_2$ with AST (3.5% increase, p=0.0060) and ALT (3.8% increase, p=0.0179) levels; and $O_3$ with ${\gamma}$-GTP (5.3% increase, p=0.0324) levels. Significant modification of these effects by exercise and alcohol consumption was found (p for interaction <0.05). The effects of air pollutants were greater in non-exercisers and heavy drinkers. Conclusions: Short-term exposure to air pollutants such as $PM_{2.5}$, $NO_2$, and $O_3$ is associated with increased liver enzyme levels in the elderly. These adverse effects can be reduced by exercising regularly and abstinence from alcohol.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.561-567
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• 1994

This study was designed to evaluate the effects of dietary vitamin E and caffeine on the activities of lipid peroxidation related enzymes in rat liver . Male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed on diets containing three level of vitamin E (37.5, 750 or 1,5oomg/kg diet) and with or without 0.3% caffeine. The rats were sacrificed after 5 and 10 weeks of feeding. Results obtained from this study were as follows ; The content of cytochrome P450 tended to increase as dietary vitamin E level was raised. The activity of xanthine oxidase increased in the caffeine groups, but it decreased by the increasing level of vitamin E. Superoxide dismutase and catalase activity were slightly elevated by dietary supplementation of vitamin E. And there was a tendency of higher these enzyme activity of caffeine groups. The activity of glutathione perxidase tended to decrease as dietary vitamin E level increased. But it was raised by caffeine supplementation . Liver glutathione content was not affected by dietary supplementation of vitamin E, but it showed a decreasing tendency in caffeine groups. There was a tendency of more lipid peroxide content of caffeine groups than that of the only vitamin E supplemented group. But the degree of increment of this decreased as dietary vitamin E level increased.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.135-140
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• 2007

The possible mechanism of decreased catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) activity in cholestatic rat liver was studied. Hepatic and serum COMT activities were determined from the experimental rats with choledocho-caval shunt (CCS). The Michaelis-Menten constants in this hepatic enzyme was also measured. The activities of cytosolic, mitochondrial and mircosomal COMT as well as their $V_{max}$ values were found to be decreased significantly in CCS plus taurocholic acid (TCA) injected group than in the control group, such as CCS alone groups. However, their $K_m$ values in the experimental groups did not vary. Seru4m COMT activity increased slightly in the CCS plus TCA injerted group than in the control group. The above results suggest that TCA represses biosynthesis of the COMT in the liver, The elevated activity of the serum COMT is believed to be caused by the increment of membrane permeability of hepatocytes upon TCA mediated liver cell necrosis.