• 생약학회지
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.112-115
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• 1982

Alisol A monoacetate, alisol B monoacetate, alisol C monoacetate and alisol B were isolated from Alismatis Rhizoma, which is a herbal drug used frequently in the oriental prescriptions. Potential liver-protective activities of the isolated alisol compounds were evaluated against $CCl_4-induced$ liver damage. The results obtained from liver microsomal enzyme assay, measurement of serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (EC 2.6.1.2) and serum triglyceride content indicated that alisol A,B and C monoacetates showed significant liver-protective activities against $CCl_4$ poisoning. Alisol B monoacetate exhibited slightly higher activity than that of alisol B.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.118-122
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• 2003

Oxidative stress and its consequent lipid peroxidation exert harmful effects, which have been currently involved in the generation of carbon tetrachloride (CCl₄)-induced fibrosis(cirrhosis). In this study, it was investigated whether dried extract of 田螺(Concha Cipangopaludinae; CC) has liver functional improvement, antioxidative and antifibrotic effect in rats those were induced liver fibrosis by CCl₄ administration. The female Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 3 groups(Normal, AC, AC-CC) and were observed in 6 weeks. Except for normal group, liver fibrosis(cirrhosis) in rats were developed by CCl₄ administration(0.8 ㎖/rat/week). And the rats were treated with prepared CC(p. o. 2 ㎖/day/rat). At the time of sacrifice, the liver, kidney and spleen were weighed and the ratio of organ weight/body weight was calculated. The MDA, hyp and biochemical parameters(AST, ALT, ALP, t-bili) were measured in sera and liver tissue of rats. The strong yellow color of urine was observed in all CCl₄-treated group compared with normal group, but jaundice didn't appear in CCl₄-treated group. The mortality of CCl₄-treated group is very low(<13%) during 6 weeks of observation time. The ratio of liver/body as well as the weight of liver in CCl₄-treated rats significantly increased compared with that in normal group(p<0.001). The level of clinical parameters in sera of all liver fibrosis(cirrhosis) developed rats were significantly higher than that of normal group(p<0.001-0.05). Especially the value of BUN, ALP, t-bilirubin in AC-CC group showed 20.9%, 19.6%, 47.9% lower than that in AC group. The content of hyp in CCl₄-treated rats was significantly higher than normal group(p<0.001～<0.05), and showed 12.2% lower value in the AC-CC group than AC group(p<0.05). The production of lipid peroxidation(MDA) in sera and liver tissue significantly increased under the fibrotic(cirrhotic) condition(p<0.001～<0.05). Especially the MDA value of AC-CC group in sera significantly 46.5% decreased compared with that of AC group(p<0.05), and the MDA value of AC-CC in liver tissue showed 21.4% lower than that of AC group. Concha Cipangopaludinae can be improved hepatic function, and maybe have effect of liver protection, antioxidation and antifibrosis.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.87-101
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• 1988

The effect of hepatic injury produced by CCL, was studied on rats receiving a low protein-high carbohydrate (7% casein), standard protein (20% casein) and a high protein diet (30% casein). The rats fed low protein diet are resistant to CCl$_4$ in its effects on the liver as judged by histology, serum enzymes(guanase, ALT) and the content of hepatic protein. On the other hand, the pretreatment of hydrocortisone before injection of CCl$_4$ to the rats fed a standard diet, slightly decreased both serum ALT and guanase activities. In the pretreatment of actinomycin D, the liver and serum guanase activities were significantly decreased. It indicates that the cause of increasing serum guanase is based on the alteration of membrane permeability and the result of accelerated enzyme synthesis in liver cells of CCl$_4$ intoxicated rats.

• 약학회지
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• 제43권6호
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• pp.827-833
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• 1999

In this study, we have investigated the effect of Biphenyl Dimethyl Dicarboxylate (DDB), a synthetic analogue of Schizandrin C isolated from Schizandrae Fructus on cytochrome $P_450$ lAl and 2Bl, and the protective mechanism against $CCl_4-induced$ hepatotoxicity in rat liver. After DDB was administered into male rats for different periods of time (1~7 days) and with different doses (25, 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg), mRNA levels of CYPlAl were measured by polymearse chain reaction (PCR) and assayed the activities of CYPlAl specific ethoxyresorufin-O-dealkylase (EROD) and CYP2Bl specific benzyloxyresorufin-O-dealkylase (BROD). DDB treatment resulted in increase in CYP2Bl mRNA level and BROD activity, whereas there was no change in CYPlAl mRNA level and EROD activity. This effect of DDB was time-and dose-dependent and reached maximal level by 3 day and 200 mg/kg treatment. In addition, rats were pre-treated with DDB at doses of 25, 50 or 100 mg/kg daily for 4 days, 3-hr after final treatment on the 4th day, $CCl_4$ 0.3ml/kg was intraperitonially injected into the rats to examine the effect of DDB on $CCl_4-induced$ hepatic injury. Serum levels of ALT and AST were determined and histopathological examination was done in rat liver. Furthermore, we have measured hepatic microsomal malondialdehyde(MDA) level, a parameter of lipid peroxidation. Based on serum ALT level and lipid peroxidation, pretreatment of DDB, 50 mg/kg appeared the most protective effect against $CCl_4-induced$ heapatotoxity. These results indicate that DDB stimulates CYP2Bl mRNA level and BROD activity in time and dose dependent manner and suggest that protective effect of DDB on $CCl_4-induced$ hepatotoxicity may be mediated through free radical scavenging.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제4권4호
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• pp.251-254
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• 1999

Astaxanthin is one of many carotenoids present in marine animals, vegetables and fruits. Since carotenoids are known to exert antioxidant actions, we explored to determine if astaxnathin could have such regulatory actions in normal-and $CCl_4$-treated rat liver. Astaxanthin treatment caused a slight increase in $\alpha$-tocopherol levels in the control rat liver. Glucose-6-phosphatase activity was significantly increased by astaxanthin in a dose-dependent manner and its activity decreased in response to $CCl_4$treatment was slightly inhibited by astaxanthin. These results suggest that astaxanthin could protect liver damages induced by $CCl_4$via inhibiting lipid peroxidation and it may have a potential to activate the anti-oxidant system of normal liver by stimulating $\alpha$-tocopherol production.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.281-298
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• 1995

The following results were made by observation GOT, GPT, ALP, total cholesterol and higlyceride in serum to research the effects of medicines which are Injinsaryungsan(Sample- A) and another medicine(Sample-B) of which Injin(Artemisiae Capillaris Herba)was increased in quantity on liver damaged by $CCl_4$ and d-galactosamine in rats. 1. The high concentrated extracts of Sample A group and Sample- B group showed significant inhibltory effects on the increase of serum GPT, ALP, LDH, total cholesterol and triglyceride levels induced by $CCl_4$ and d-galactosamine. 2. The high concentrated extracts of sample A group and Sample B group showed more significant inhibitory effects(P〈0.001) than the low ones' effects(P〈0.01) on the increase of serum triglyceride level induced by $CCl_4$ 3. Sample-A group showed significant inhibitory effects on the increase of serum GOT, GPT. ALP, total cholesterol and triglyceride levels, but no significance on the increase of serum LDH level induced by d-galactosamine. 4. Sample-B group showed very significant inhibitory effects on the increase of serum GOP, GPT, ALP, LDH, total cholesterol and triglyceride levels induced by d-galactosamine. 5. As compared with Sample-A group, Sample-B group of which Injin was increased in quantity showed more significant inhibitory effects on all items of this experiment induced by $CCl_4$ and d-galactosamine. As mentioned above. it seemed that both Injinsaryungsan and another medicine of which Injin was increased in quantity had effects protecting liver and anti-fatty liver induced by $CCl_4$ and d-galactosamine in rats. Specially Sample-B group had very significant effects on liver damage as compared with Sample-B group. Therefore it seems that more researches on variation according to the increase of Injin dose must be continued for curing liver diseases.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.137-148
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• 1992

간에 괴사성 병변을 일으키는 사염화탄소의 독작용이 phenobarbital로 전처치한 경우 형태학적으로 어떤 영향을 받는가를 관찰하기 위해 먼저 체중 kg당 사염화탄소 0.4mg의 용량을 olive유에 20%로 희석하여 쥐의 복강내에 주입하였다. 그 다음 PB 전처치에 의한 영향율 조사하기 위해 전처치후 동량의 사염화탄소를 주입하였고 각각 투여후 6, 12, 24, 48, 72, 120 시간에 간조직을 적출하여 형태학적으로 관찰하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 광학현미경하에서 사염화탄소 단독 투여시 6시간부터 소엽 중심부에 괴사성 병변이 나타나기 시작하여 48시간에 가장 심하였고, 72시간에는 회복되는 양상을 보였다. 괴사에 더하여 지방 변성, 수포성 변화가 심하게 동반되었다. PB 전처치시 6시간부터 괴사가 나타나기 시작하여 72시간까지 지속되었으며 그 정도도 더 심해졌다. 지방변성은 사염화탄소 단독투여군보다 더 심해졌고 수포성 변화는 감소되었다. 전자 현미경하에서 사염화탄소 단독 투여시 초기의 주된 변화는 내형질막의 덩어리 형성과 수포성 팽창이었고 PB 전처치시 이러한 내형질막의 변성 변화는 더 심하게 나타났으며 초기부터 사립체의 심한 변화를 동반하였다. 이상의 결과로 보아 사염화탄소의 간 독작용은 먼저 내형질막의 손상으로 시작하여, 이차적으로 다른 소기관에 손상이 수반되고 세포괴사가 나타나며, 이는 PB 전처치에 의해 악화됨을 알 수 있었다.

• 한국한의학연구원논문집
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.103-109
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• 2006

We investigated liver protection effect of the Hovenia dulcis Thunb extraction which has treated with carbon tetrachloride ($CCl_4$, 1.0 ML/kg) in SD male rat (20 weeks). We observed the amount of leukocyte, erythrocyte, hemoblobin and hematocrit are increased and the number of plaque is decreased for treatment of $CCl_4$, However, after treatment of Hovenia dulcis Thunb extraction (15 mL/kg), we have same result that of control group which has treated with $CCl_4$ The blood biological data showed that the value of AST (Aspartate aminotransferase), ALT(Alanine aminotransferase) and LDH (Lactate dehydronase) are increased significantly for the negative control group compared to that of control group. For experimental group, respectively, In addition, it was confirmed that the recovery effect of a mysterious death of an interstitial cell of the experimental group is to be compared to that of the negative control group for a sample of pathological tissue.

• 약학회지
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• 제54권1호
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• pp.55-61
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• 2010

Gardenia jasminoides is one of the most widely used herbal preparations for the treatment of liver disorders. This study evaluated the potential beneficial effect of G. jasminoides in a mouse model of carbon tetrachloride ($CCl_4$)-induced liver injury. The mice were treated intraperitoneally with $CCl_4$ (10 ${\mu}l$/kg). They received G. jasminoides (30, 100, 300 mg/kg) 48 h, 24 h and 2 h before and 6 h after administering $CCl_4$. The serum activities of aminotransferase and the hepatic level of malondialdehyde were significantly higher 24 h after the $CCl_4$ treatment, while the concentration of reduced glutathione was lower. These changes were attenuated by G. jasminoides. $CCl_4$ increased the level of circulating tumor necrosis factor-$\alpha$ (TNF-$\alpha$) markedly, which was reduced by G. jasminoides. The levels of hepatic inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) protein expression were markedly higher after the $CCl_4$ treatment. G. jasminoides diminished these alterations. $CCl_4$ increased the level of TNF-$\alpha$, iNOS and COX-2 mRNA expressions, and these increases were attenuated by G. jasminoides. These results suggest that G. jasminoides alleviates $CCl_4$-induced liver injury, and this protection is likely due to the reduced oxidative stress and the downregulation of proinflammatory mediators.

• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.61-69
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• 1997

흰쥐에 있어서 사염화탄소에 의한 간손상이 toluene 대사에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지를 알아보기 위하여 흰쥐에 $CCl_4$를 투여한 후 간기능 검사와 병리 조직 검사를 통하여 간손상이 확인되었다. 이같은 간손상 모델 실험동물에 toluene을 투여한 뒤 24시간 후 처치한 다음 요 중 hippuric acid 함량을 측정한 결과, 간손상이 유도된 후 흰쥐에 toluene을 투여한 실험군에 있어서 요 중 hippuric acid 함량이 toluene만 투여한 군 보다 현저히 감소되었다. 이때 toluene 대사에 관여하는 간조직의 cytochrome P-450에 상응하는 aniline hydroxylase 및 aminopyrine demethylase 활성과 benzylalcoh이 및 benzaldehyde dehydrogenase 활성 역시 간손상이 유도된 흰쥐에 있어서 유의하게 감소되었다. 또한 benzaldehyde dehydrogenase 활성의 kinetics를 관찰한 결과, 간손상이 유도된 실험동물 및 대조군 모두 유사한 $K_m$치를 보였으나 $V_{max}$치는 간손상이 유도된 실험동물에서 낮게 나타났다. 이상 실험결과를 종합하여 볼 때 $CCl_4$에 의한 간손상시 toluene 대사가 억제되며 이는 toluene 대사에 관여하는 효소단백합성 억제에 기인된 결과로 사료된다.