• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.47-53
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• 2009

The soil carbon stock for a Pinus densiflora forest at Gwangneung, central Korea was estimated using the soil carbon model, Yasso. The soil carbon stock measured in the forest was 43.73 t C $ha^{-1}$, and the simulated initial (steady state) soil carbon stock and the simulated current soil carbon stock in 2007 were 39.19 t C $ha^{-1}$ and 38.90 t C $ha^{-1}$, respectively. Under the assumption of a $0.1^{\circ}C$ increase in mean annual temperature per year, the decomposition and litter fractionation rates increased from 0.28 to 0.56 % $year^{-1}$ and the soil carbon stock decreased from 0.03 to 0.12 % $year^{-1}$. Yasso is a simple and general model that can be applied in cases where there is insufficient input information. However, in order to obtain more accurate estimates in Korea, parameters need to be recalibrated under Korean climatic and vegetation conditions. In addition, the Yasso model needs to be linked to other models to generate better litter input data.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.185-192
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• 1986

The production and decomposition rate of litters from the three different locations, Quercus acutissium forest at 630 m, Q. mongolica forests at 1, 005m and 1, 490 m of Mt. Dokyoo, were estimated by Olson model. The contents of N, P, K, Ca and Na in soils were measured and the relationships among them were elucidated. The amounts of litter production in Q. mangolica were the lowest, 378.96g/$m^2$ at 1, 490 m and the highest, 876.12g/$m^2$ at 1, 005 m. And the amounts of litter production in Q. acutissima at 630 m was 686.16 g/$m^2$. The decay rate of litters in Q. mongolica was the smallest, 0.123 at 1, 490 m, and the largest, 0.222 at 1, 005 m. And that in Q. acutissima was 0.169 at 630 m which was the medium rate. The production and decay rate of litters decreased with the ascending altitude. The values at 630 m were maller than those at 1, 005 m. This might be due to the fact that the tree species at 630 m was Q. acutissima was 0.169 at 630 m which was the medium rate. The production and decay rate of litters decreased with the ascending altitude. The values at 630 m was Q. acutissima which was different from Q. mongolica at 1, 005 m and 1, 490 m. The half-0life of litter decay in Q. monglica was 5, 634 years at 1, 490 m and 3.134 years at 1, 005 m. And that in Q. acutissima was 4.132 years at 630 m. The decay rates of litters were tend to be inversely proportional to the ascending altitude. The annual standing stocks of mineral and their amounts returned to the soil were proportional to the decay rate of organic matters.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.347-355
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• 2017

This study investigated how the combined changes in environmental conditions and nitrogen (N) deposition influence the mineralization processes and carbon (C) dynamics of wetland soil. For this objective, we conducted a growth chamber experiment to examine the effects of combined changes in environmental conditions and N deposition on the anaerobic decomposition of organic carbon and the emission of greenhouse gases from wetland soil. A chamber with elevated $CO_2$ and temperature showed almost twice the reduction of total decomposition rate compared to the chamber with ambient atmospheric conditions. In addition, $CO_2$ fluxes decreased during the incubation under the conditions of ambient $CO_2$ and temperature. The decrease in anaerobic microbial metabolism resulted from the presence of vegetation, which influences the litter quality of soils. This can be supported by the increase in C/N ratio over the experimental duration. Principle component analysis results demonstrated the opposite locations of loadings for the cases at the initial time and after three months of incubation, which indicates a reduction in the decomposition rate and an increasing C/N ratio during the incubation. From the distribution between the decomposition rate and gas fluxes, we concluded that anaerobic decomposition rates do not have a significantly positive relationship with the fluxes of greenhouse gas emissions from the soil.

• 한국토양동물학회지
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• 제6권1_2호
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• pp.25-31
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• 2001

주변환경의 오염에 의한 스트레스를 받는 정도가 다른 남산과 광릉의 잣나무림에서 낙엽주머니 (mesh size :남산 1.7mm, 광릉 0.4mm, 1 7mm)방법을 이용하여 낙엽의 분해과정에 관련된 날개응애 군집에 대한 분석을 실시하였다. 각 조사구에서 2년에 걸쳐 총 11회 수거한 낙엽주머니에서 조사된 날개응애 종 수는 30종을 초과하지 않았고, 남산과 광릉의 mesh size 1.7mm에서 조사된 종 수는 광릉이 남산에 비해 유의성있게 높았다(paired t-test, p<0.05), mesh size가 다른 광릉 지역의 낙엽주머니간에는 종수의 차이가 없어 남산,광릉 두지역간의 종수 차이만이 인정되었다. 낙엽주머니내 날개응애 체장 분포 및 체장별 밀도 패턴은 세 조사구에서 중형종(0.3-0.7mm미만)이 다수 출현했고, 밀도가 높은 종은 광릉에서는 체장이 0.2-0.5 mm 사이의 종들이, 남산에서는 이들 조사구들보다 조금 더 큰 종들에서 높은 밀도를 보였다. S renson 지수 및 Cluster analysis를 이용한 조사구 날개응애 군집의 정성적, 정량적 분석은 두 지역의 날개응애 군집이 종 구성에 있어 다른 그룹이라는 것을 제시했다. 낙엽주머니내 날개응애 종들의 출현은 20종 미만의 종들이 5월에서 9월 사이에 출현하였는데, 1년차와 2년차간에 출현 패턴에는 다소 변화가 있었다. 낙엽주머니내 날개응애 유입은 1년차에는 5월부터 다수의 새로운 종들이 이입되었지만, 2년차에는 새로운 종의 유입은 미미한 반면 1년차에 이입했던 종들의 재차 유입이 일어났고, 유입시기도 빨라졌다. 낙엽주머니내 날개응애군집의 종 다양도 분석에는 종 풍부도지수, Shannon 지수, 균등도 지수가 사용되었고, 이들 세 가지 다양도 지수의 값이 모두 광릉이 높고 남산이 낮은(mesh size 1.7mm>광릉 mesh size 0.4 mm>남산 mesh size 1.7 mm) 일관된 경향을 나타냈다. 이는 날개응애 군집의 종 다양성은 광릉지역이 남산지역에 비해 더 높다는 결론을 도출할 수 있는 것이었다. 낙엽주머니내 출현종의 우점종과 출현빈도 분석결과, 각 조사구의 우점종들은 전체 밀도의 70%이상을 차지하고 있어 비중이 매우 높은 것들로 나타났고, 최고 우점종은 mesh size 1.7mm의 남산과 광릉 조사구에서 Tricho-galumna nipponica로 동일했고, 광릉 mesh size 0.4 mm에서는 이 종보다 크기가 작은 Ramusella sengbuschi가 최고 우점종이었다. 그리고 낙엽주머니내에 밀도와 출현빈도가 높아 낙엽분해에 직,간접적으로 크게 관여하는 날개응애 종들로는 Tricogalumna nipponica, Epidamaeus coreanus, Scheloribates latipes, Ceratozetes japonicus, Ramusella sengbuschi, Eohypochthonius crassisetiger, Cultroribula lata 등을 선발할 수 있었다.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.330-341
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• 2017

Tropical forests play a key role for functioning of the planet and maintenance of life. These forests support more than half of the world's species, serve as regulators of global and regional climate, act as carbon sinks and provide valuable ecosystem services. Forest floor biomass and litterfall dynamics was measured in different sites influenced by fire in a seasonally dry tropical forest of Bhoramdeo wildlife sanctuary of Chhattisgarh, India. The forest floor biomass was collected randomly placed quadrats while the litterfall measured by placing stone-block lined denuded quadrat technique. The seasonal mean total forest floor biomass across the fire regimes varied from $2.00-3.65t\;ha^{-1}$. The total litterfall of the study sites varied from $4.75-7.56t\;ha^{-1}\;yr^{-1}$. Annual turnover of litter varied from 70-74% and the turnover time between 1.35-1.43 years. Monthly pattern of forest floor biomass indicated that partially decayed litter, wood litter and total forest floor were differed significantly. The seasonal variation showed that leaf fall differed significantly in winter season only among the fire regimes while the wood litter was found non significant in all the season. This study shows that significant variation among the site due to the forest fire. Decomposition is one of the ecological processes critical to the functioning of forest ecosystems. The decomposing wood serves as a saving account of nutrients and organic materials in the forest floor. Across the site, high fire zone was facing much of the deleterious effects on forest floor biomass and litter production. Control on such type of wildfire and anthropogenic ignition could allow the natural recovery processes to enhance biological diversity. Chronic disturbances do not provide time for ecosystem recovery; it needs to be reduced for ecosystem health and maintaining of the high floral and faunal biodiversity.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.9-18
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• 1986

The decomposition of litters of Pinus densiflora and the growth of microbial populations in a calcareous region, Youngwal were compared with those in a noncalcareous region, Sinlim. The decay rate of litter in Pinus densiflora in Youngwal was 0.128 and that in Sinlim was 0.096. The differences in the populations of soil bacteria and total microorganisms between the two regions were signficant at the 5% level, but that of fungi and actinomycetes was not at that level. The differences in the content of calcium and pH value of soil between the two regions were significant at the 1% level. The excessive content of calcium became to increase pH value, in turn the high pH decreased the content of available phosphorus in soil. The vertical distribution of the content of available phsophorus was consistent with that of the populations of fungi and actinomycetes in Youngwal.

• 한국습지학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.203-208
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• 2015

벚나무류가 식재된 인공 연못에서 벚나무류의 낙화가 연못생태계의 물질순환에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지 확인하기 위해 벚꽃이 분해되는 기간을 달리하여 마이크로코즘 실험을 수행하였다. 벚나무류의 꽃잎을 넣은 망(mesh)의 크기가 $1mm^2$인 나일론 꽃잎주머니를 제작하였다. 플라스틱 통을 하나의 마이크로코즘 단위로 하여 인공 연못의 유입수를 채우고, 꽃잎주머니를 넣은 처리구와 넣지 않은 대조구를 설정하였다. 처리구에서 꽃잎주머니를 수거하는 시기를 달리한 결과, 실험이 끝난 후 벚꽃잎은 초기 건중량의 32.3%만이 남았으며, 분해율(k)은 $7.06{\times}10^{-2}day^{-1}$로 나타났다. 벚꽃잎이 분해된 물의 $NO_3-N$ 농도는 1.90 mg/L에서 처음 4일 후 급격히 감소하여 0.02 mg/L를 나타낸 반면, $NH_4-N$ 농도는 0.03 mg/L에서 분해가 진행되는 동안 계속적으로 증가하여 2.85 mg/L를 나타냈다. $PO_4-P$ 농도는 0.03 mg/L에서 꽃잎의 분해에 의해 2.39 mg/L까지 증가하여, 인이 질소에 비해 상대적으로 높은 비율이 무기형태로 용탈되고 있음을 알 수 있다. 인공 연못에 쌓이는 벚꽃의 양을 추산하고 용탈되는 가용성 질소와 인의 양을 예상한 결과, 벚꽃잎이 분해되어 물에 녹아나온 가용성 인은(0.02 mg/L 증가) 인공 연못의 부영양화를 유발할 수 있는 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국습지학회지
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.347-356
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• 2013

수생식물의 수처리 기능을 고려한 습지관리에 대한 정보를 제공하기 위하여 시화호 인공습지에서 유입수의 수질특성이 다른 2개의 습지(동화천과 반월천 습지)를 대상으로 갈대와 애기부들의 생장특성, 유기물 생산량과 분해속도를 조사하였으며, 또한 유기물생산량과 분해량을 토대로 습지내로의 유기물 부하량을 추정하였다. 갈대와 애기부들의 길이생장은 기온이 상승하는 3월에 증가하여 7~8월에 최고치(갈대 340cm, 부들 320cm) 를 보였다. 경엽부의 밀도는 갈대가 100~170 개체/$m^2$의 범위로 애기부들의 밀도(최대 78 개체/$m^2$)보다 큰 것으로 나타났다. 갈대의 경엽부 최대 현존량은 $1,350{\sim}1,980gDM/m^2$의 범위로 반월천고습지에서 가장 컸고, 저습지에 비해 고습지에서 큰 것으로 나타났다. 한편 애기부들의 현존량은 $1,940gDM/m^2$로서 반월천고습지 갈대의 최대 현존량과 비슷한 값을 보였다. 갈대의 유기물생산력은 반월천고 습지 $2,050gDM/m^2/yr$ > 동화천저습지 $1,840gDM/m^2/yr$ > 반월천저습지 $1,570gDM/m^2/yr$ ${\fallingdotseq}$ 동화천고습지 $1,540gDM/m^2/yr$의 순으로 나타났으며, 애기부들은 $2,210gDM/m^2/yr$로서 갈대보다 생산력이 높게 나타났다. 시화호 인공습지 갈대와 애기부들의 연간 총 유기물 생산량은 845 ton DM/yr (423 ton C/yr)이었으며, 이중 갈대에 의한 생산량이 90%를 차지했다. 수생식물의 낙엽분해 속도(k)는 갈대와 애기부들 모두 잎이 줄기보다 빠른 것으로 나타났다(갈대: 잎 0.0062/day, 줄기 0.0018/day; 애기부들: 잎0.0031/day, 줄기 0.0018/day). 그리고 줄기 낙엽의 분해속도는 갈대와 애기부들이 같은 반면 잎의 분해속도는 갈대가 애기부들보다 약 2배 빠른 것으로 나타났다. 수생식물의 연간 총 낙엽 분해량(285 ton C/yr, 연간 총 유기물생산량의 67.3%)으로부터, 수생식물의 의해 생산된 유기물의 32.7%는 습지내에 퇴적되는 것으로 추정되었다.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.387-394
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• 1992

Decomposition in the litteras of platanus orientalis was studied by month in the dam of seoul national university. total amounts of the litter had the tendency to decrease with the laps of the time. Those of crude protein and phosphate contents, however, increased much more than initial amounts. It was throught that the growth of aquatic microbes gave rise to increase them. Dry weight, organic matter and holocellulose tended to decreased gradually. But, the amount of calcium loss increased rapidly since march and then the amoung of potassium and sodium decreased slowly. It was thought that this changing pattern was ascribed to water temperature, the growth of aquaqtic microbes and the leaching of soluble parts by stream current.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.79-90
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• 1986

The production and decomposition of litters and nutrient cycling of forests were studied at the pine forests such as Pinus densiflora, Pinus koraiensis, Pinus rigida, Pinus thunbergii, Abies holophylla and Larix kaempfer. The annual litter production of the P. densiflora forest was the most on Mt. Mudeung which was 620.75g/$m^2$ and the least on Mt. Halla which was 155.00g/$m^2$. The decay rate of litters was the highest at the P. densiflora forest on Mt. Mudeung which was k=0.256 and the lowest at the P. densiflora forest on Mt. Halla and A. holophylla on Mt. Jiri which were k=0.099. The half time of decomposition of litters was shortest at the P. densiflora forest on Mt. Mudeung and the longest at the P. densiflora on Mt. Halla and A. holophylla forests on Mt. Jiri. The average decay rate of the L. kaempferi forests which was k=0.204 was the highest and that of the A. holophylla forests which was k=0.122 was the lowest. The decay rate tended to decrease against increasing the altitude. The annual production of litterr, the contents of mineral nutrients and the amounts of mineral nutrients inputted into the forest soil tended to increase in proportion to the decay rate, k.