• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.225-238
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• 2005

Hwa-Byung(HB) has been categorized as a Korean culture-bound syndrome that is prevalent in married women of low socioeconomic status. Purpose: The Purpose of the study was to search for the essence of HB and a caring-healing process of HB. Then the research result discusses whether the Transpersonal Caring-Healing Model has been congruent with it. Method: Case examples resulted from in-depth telephone counseling over a period of time at the Women's Hot Line with a client who is a housewife with HB. The counseling content was analyzed through Giorgi's method of descriptive phenomenology. Result: The core meaning of the essence of HB was 'injustice'; and essential themes were 'lack of reciprocity', 'infidelity' 'suppressed aggression and powerlessness' and 'need for recognition'. The core meaning of the essence of the caring-healing process was 'caring-healing experience(maintaining a trust relationship)'; and essential themes were 'active listening', 'empathy' and 'forming a therapeutic relationship'. According to Watson, 'active listening', 'empathy' and 'forming a therapeutic relationship' were identified as intentionality, intersubjectivity and transpersonal. Conclusion: Transpersonal caring can release inner power and strength and help the person to gain a sense of inner harmony. Transpersonal caring is as important to healing as are conventional treatment approaches and even more powerful in the long run.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• v.22 no.9
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• pp.175-182
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• 2022

In our daily life, we come across different types of information, for example in the format of multimedia and text. We all need different types of information for our common routines as watching/reading the news, listening to the radio, and watching different types of videos. However, sometimes we could run into problems when a certain type of information is required. For example, someone is listening to the radio and wants to listen to jazz, and unfortunately, all the radio channels play pop music mixed with advertisements. The listener gets stuck with pop music and gives up searching for jazz. So, the above example can be solved with an automatic audio classification system. Deep Learning (DL) models could make human life easy by using audio classifications, but it is expensive and difficult to deploy such models at edge devices like nano BLE sense raspberry pi, because these models require huge computational power like graphics processing unit (G.P.U), to solve the problem, we proposed DL model. In our proposed work, we had gone for a low complexity model for Audio Event Detection (AED), we extracted Mel-spectrograms of dimension 128×431×1 from audio signals and applied normalization. A total of 3 data augmentation methods were applied as follows: frequency masking, time masking, and mixup. In addition, we designed Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) with spatial dropout, batch normalization, and separable 2D inspired by VGGnet [1]. In addition, we reduced the model size by using model quantization of float16 to the trained model. Experiments were conducted on the updated dataset provided by the Detection and Classification of Acoustic Events and Scenes (DCASE) 2020 challenge. We confirm that our model achieved a val_loss of 0.33 and an accuracy of 90.34% within the 132.50KB model size.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.58-65
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• 2001

Recently, a 5-degrees-of-freedom (DOF) reverberation model was proposed as a method of representing subjective perception of reverberation as objective measures[1]. This model approximates sound energy decay curve by five objective measures, widely used in which have been concert hall acoustics. However, it is note worthy that there can be infinite number of impulse responses which correspond to a selected 5-DOF reverberation model. There may exist some filters making very unnatural and unrealistic sound. In this paper, the limitation of the 5-DOF reverberation model when it is used as a filter design criteria is investigated. When a 5-DOF reverberation model is given, additional constraints to get natural reverberation are suggested. This is based on the listening tests for several quite different source sounds.

• Transactions of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.448-457
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• 2008

A principal components analysis (PCA) of the median-plane head-related impulse responses (HRIRs) in the CIPIC HRTF database reveals that the individual HRIRs in the median plane can be adequately reconstructed by a linear combination of 12 orthonormal basis functions. These basis functions can be used to model arbitrary median-plane HRIRs, which are not included in the process to obtain the basis functions. Memory size can be reduced up to 5-fold depending on the number of HRIRs to be modeled. To clarify whether these basis functions can be used to model other set of arbitrary median plane HRIRs, a numerical error analysis for modeling and a series of subjective listening tests were carried out using the measured and modeled HRIRs. The results showed that the set of individual HRIRs in the median plane, which were measured in our lab using different measurement conditions, techniques, and source positions, can be modeled with reasonable accuracy. All subjects, involved in the subjective listening test, reported not only the accurate vertical perception but also the front-back discrimination with the modeled HRIRs based on 12 basis functions.

• Proceedings of the KSPS conference
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• 2000.07a
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• pp.47-58
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• 2000

For the learners of English as a foreign language, oral repetition of model sentences is an e essential practice to improve their listening and speaking abilities of English. Skill training of both speech perception and production is involved in this practice. This paper reports on an observation of production e$\pi$ors in such practice made by Japanese college students in my class. The teaching material used is intended for acquainting the learners with basic English rhythm and intonation p patterns. The students were required to repeat each sentence in a series of conversations after a model reading. Although the vocabulary and expressions were rather limited, I monitored different kinds of errors in their repetition. Putting aside intonation, their difficulties are classified into five types; 1. Omission of words or morphemes, 2. Addition of unnecessary words or morphemes, 3. Replacement of words, 4. Japanization of English sounds, 5. Wrong rhythm caused by improper stress assignment. Accurate listening, especially to weakly stressed syllables and to assimilated sounds, as has often been pointed out, is the most difficult part in perception for them. Japanese sound system interferes in production of English sounds. More often than not their knowledge of grammar or the context does not work at all to guess the words they are hearing

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SP
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• v.47 no.5
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• pp.1-8
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• 2010

In this paper, a sound externalization method is proposed for out-of-the-head localization in a headphone listening environment. In order to reduce timbre distortion by the conventional methods using a measured a head-related transfer function (HRTF) or early reflections, the proposed method integrates a model-based HRTF with reverberation. In addition, for improving frontal externalization performance, techniques such as decorrelation and spectral notch filtering are included. To evaluate the performance of the proposed externalization method, subjective listening tests are conducted by using different types of sound sources such as white noise, sound effects, speech, and music. It is shown from the test results that the proposed externalization method can localize sound sources farther away from out of the head than the conventional method.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.18 no.7
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• pp.1740-1748
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• 2014

This paper focuses on listening test and acoustic analysis of patients' speech with velopharyngeal insufficiency (VPI) and normal speakers' simulation speech. In this research, a set consisting of 50-words, vowels and single syllables is determined for speech database construction. A web-based listening evaluation system is developed for a convenient/automated evaluation procedure. The analysis results show the trend of incorrect recognition for VPI speech and the one for simulation speech are similar. Such similarity is also confirmed by comparing the formant locations of vowel and spectrum of consonant sounds. These results show that the simulation method for VPI speech is effective at generating the speech signals similar to actual VPI patient's speech. It is expected that the simulation speech data can be effectively employed for our future work such as acoustic model adaptation.

• MALSORI
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• no.59
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• pp.89-99
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• 2006

This paper proposes a new structural head-related transfer function(HRTF) model to produce sounds in a virtual environment. The proposed HRTF model generates 3-D sounds by using a head model, a pinna model and the proposed distance model for azimuth, elevation, and distance that are three aspects for 3-D sounds, respectively. In particular, the proposed distance model consists of level normalization block distal region model, and proximal region model. To evaluate the performance of the proposed model, we setup an experimental procedure that each listener identifies a distance of 3-D sound sources that are generated by the proposed method with a predefined distance. It is shown from the tests that the proposed model provides an average distance error of $0.13{\sim}0.31$ meter when the sound source is generated as if it is 0.5 meter $\sim$ 2 meters apart from the listeners. This result is comparable to the average distance error of the human listening for the actual sound source.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.179-194
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to develop an integrated music activity model based on musical concepts for 2-year-old children in order to include music in whole personality education in a rapidly changing society with increasing need for toddler care. Research methods were review of literature and survey. Subjects were 185 teachers in B city. They were asked to record their thoughts and needs during the process of musical activities with toddlers. Research concluded that an integrated music activity model for toddlers requires statement of purpose, contents based on musical concepts, and appropriate teaching methods which can be extended to arts education in general. Discussion further suggested diverse expression through singing, listening, body movement and combining with other arts.

• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.91-97
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• 2017

This study categorizes several voice characteristics by subjective listening assessment, and investigates correlation between voice characteristics and speech feature parameters. A model was developed to classify voice characteristics into the defined categories using SVM algorithm. To do this, we extracted various speech feature parameters from speech database for men in their 20s, and derived statistically significant parameters correlated with voice characteristics through ANOVA analysis. Then, these derived parameters were applied to the proposed SVM model. The experimental results showed that it is possible to obtain some speech feature parameters significantly correlated with the voice characteristics, and that the proposed model achieves the classification accuracies of 88.5% on average.