• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.309-316
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• 2006

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary natural mineral liquid complex on egg production and characteristics in laying hens. A total of two hundreds fifty two, 63-weeks-old, Hy-line brown commercial layers were used for 6 weeks. Seven dietary treatments included CON (Control), C1-M0.25 (CON diet+1% chitosan+0.25% natural mineral complex), C1-M0.5 (CON diet+1% chitosan+0.50% natural mineral complex), C2-M0.25 (CON diet+2% chitosan+0.25% natural mineral complex), C2-M0.50 (CON diet+2% chitosan+0.50% natural mineral complex), C3-M0.25 (CON diet+ 3% chitosan+0.25% natural mineral complex) and C3-M0.50 (CON diet+3% chitosan+0.50% natural mineral complex). For overall period, egg production, egg shall breaking strength, haugh unit, K and Fe concentrations of blood and Fe concentration of yolk were improved in additive natural mineral treatments compared to control treatment(P<0.05). K and Fe concentrations of blood and Fe concentration of yolk were increased in added 0.5% mineral treatment compared to added 0.25% mineral treatment(P<0.05). Additive 3% chitosan + 0.5% mineral treatments were improved on egg Production and egg shall breaking strength in laying hens(P<0.05). In conclusion, chitosan and natural mineral complex supplementation in lay hens diet improved egg oduction, egg all strength and mineral concentrations of blood and yolk.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.686-693
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• 2009

A 21- to 42-day feeding study was conducted in Ross male broilers to evaluate the use of dried bakery product (DBP) and the influence of adding fat at different points in the manufacturing process. Six dietary treatments were formulated using a factorial arrangement (3${\times}$2 design) with three levels of fat in the mixer (high: 4.8%, medium: 3.8% and low: 2.8%) with or without DBP (0 and 7%). Additional fat was sprayed on pellets in a post-pelleting liquid application to bring the fat content to a similar level in all diets. Data on pellet quality (before and after post-pelleting fat addition), broiler performance, nutrient digestibility and organ weights were studied. Pellets made with DBP showed higher hardness values when measured before post-pelleting fat addition (p<0.001), although DBP did not affect final pellet hardness or durability. Higher post-pelleting hardness and durability were shown by diets to which a lower level of fat had been added in the mixer (p<0.001). In general, post-pelleting fat application improved durability (p<0.05). However, broiler performance and ileal digestibility were not affected by any of the factors tested. Dietary treatments had a significant but variable effect on carcass yield (p<0.01), although there were no differences among treatments regarding breast and leg yield, abdominal fat or organ weights. The results indicate that up to 7% DBP could be used in the broiler diet without impairing performance, ileal digestibility or organ weights. The place or point of fat addition in the manufacturing process has a strong influence on pellet quality.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.12 no.5
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• pp.415-425
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• 2018

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE: As aging progresses, the number of patients with cognitive impairment also increases. Cognitive function is not generally correlated with diet, and there is debate over that association. Thus, the present study aimed to investigate the association between dietary intake and cognitive function among adults aged 50 years or older. SUBJECTS/METHODS: Between July 2017 and March 2018, 324 adults aged over 50 years from Gwangju Sun-Han hospital participated in a dietary survey. The frequency of food intake and related information were collected using a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (SQ-FFQ) and determining the mini-mental state examination (MMSE) level for 276 participants. The association between dietary intake and cognitive function was assessed by performing logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: Depending on the MMSE score, the participants' age, education level, inhabitation status, medications, alcohol consumption, sleep duration, physical activity, and short geriatric depression scale score were significantly different (P < 0.05). Moreover, those participant characteristics were associated with either decreased or increased odds ratios (OR) for the risk of mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Based on analysis of the participants' intake of 112 detailed food items, which were categorized into 20 food types, intakes of cooked white rice (< 2 times/day compared with ${\geq}3$ times/day) (P < 0.05), properly cooked rice with other grains and legumes (P < 0.001), fruits (P < 0.05), milk (low fat and normal) (P = 0.044), liquid-type yogurt (P = 0.019), and curd-type yogurt (P = 0.015) were found to significantly decrease the OR for the risk of MCI. CONCLUSIONS: Associations were significant between the risk of MCI and the intake of certain food types. Specifically, a moderate intake of cooked white rice and an adequate intake of whole grains, fruits, milk, and dairy products were associated with reduced risks of MCI among adults aged over 50 years.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.15 no.12
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• pp.1725-1731
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• 2002

The distribution and activities of hydrolytic enzymes (cellulolyti, hemicellulolytic,pectinolytic and others) in the rumen compartments of Hereford bulls fed 100% alfalfa hay based diets were evaluated. The alfalfa proportion in the diet was gradually increased for two weeks. Whole rumen contents were processed into four fractions: Rumen contents including both the liquid and solid fractions were homogenized and centrifuged, and the supernatant was assayed for enzymes located in whole rumen contents (WRE); rumen contents were centrifuged and the supernatant was assayed for enzymes located in rumen fluids (RFE); feed particles in rumen contents were separated manually, washed with buffer, resuspended in an equal volume of buffer, homogenized and centrifuged and supernatant was assayed for enzymes associated with feed particles (FAE); and rumen microbial cell fraction was separated by centrifugation, suspended in an equal volume of buffer, sonicated and centrifuged, and the supernatant was assayed for enzymes bound with microbial cells (CBE). It was found that polysaccharide-degrading proteins such as $\beta$-1,4-D-endoglucanase, $\beta$-1,4-D-exoglucanase, xylanase and pectinase enzymes were located mainly with the cell bound (CBE) fraction. However, $\beta$-D-glucosidase, $\beta$-D-fucosidase, acetylesterase, and $\alpha$-L-arabinofuranosidase were located in the rumen fluids (RFE) fraction. Protease activity distributions were 37.7, 22.1 and 40.2%, and amylase activity distributions were 51.6, 18.2 and 30.2% for the RFE, FAE and CBE fractions, respectively. These results indicated that protease is located mainly in rumen fluid and with microbial cells, whereas amylase was located mainly in the rumen fluid.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.443-450
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• 1990

Pregnant rats were fed liquid diet to determine the influence of maternal ethanol intake on maternal and pup liver copper when dietary copper was low. The diets, which contained either 0.75(low) or 3.75(control)mg copper/1 with or without 30% of kcal from ethanol, were fed throughout gestation and the first 15 days of lactation. maternal calorie intake and body weight were unaffected by dietary treatment. Ethanol intake depressed maternal liver copper concentration only when diet copper was low(interactive effect P<0.05). Although ethanol intake depressed total pup liver copper concentration regardless of dietary copper level, the interactive effect observed in maternal liver was reflected incopper content of the pup liver metallothionein fraction eluted from a Sephadex G-75 column. The zinc content of metallothionein was inversely related to copper content of metallothionein. Results suggest that pregnancy and lactation is a special period to develop a copper deficiency when low copper intake and ethanol ingestion are combined not only in mothers but also in their offspring.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.63 no.1
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• pp.16-24
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• 2021

The suppressive effect of monensin as an ionophore-feed additive on enteric methane (CH4) emission and renewable methanogenesis were evaluated. To clarify the suppressive effect of monensin a respiratory trial with head cage was performed using Holstein-Friesian steers. Steers were offered high concentrate diets (80% concentrate and 20% hay) ad libitum with or without monensin, galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS) or L-cysteine. Steers that received monensin containing diet had significantly (p < 0.01) lower enteric CH4 emissions as well as those that received GOS containing diet (p < 0.05) compared to steers fed control diets. Thermophilic digesters at 55℃ that received manure from steers fed on monensin diets had a delay in the initial CH4 production. Monensin is a strong inhibitor of enteric methanogenesis, but has a negative impact on biogas energy production at short retention times. Effects of the activity of coprophagous insects on CH4 and nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions from cattle dung pats were assessed in anaerobic in vitro continuous gas quantification system modified to aerobic quantification device. The CH4 emission from dungs with adults of Caccobius jessoensis Harold (dung beetle) and the larvae of the fly Neomyia cornicina (Fabricius) were compared with that from control dung without insect. The cumulative CH4 emission rate from dung with dung insects decreased at 42.2% in dung beetles and 77.8% in fly larvae compared to that from control dung without insects. However, the cumulative N2O emission rate increased 23.4% in dung beetles even though it reduced 88.6% in fly larvae compared to dung without coprophagous insects. It was suggested that the antibacterial efficacy of ionophores supplemented as a growth promoter still continued even in the digested slurry, consequently, possible environmental contamination with the antibiotics might be active to put the negative impact to land ecosystem involved in greenhouse gas mitigation when the digested slurry was applied to the fields as liquid manure.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.124-138
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• 2023

This study was carried out to determine the effects of adding pistachio shell (PIS), pomegranate hull (POM), and olive pulp (OP) to the diet on milk amino acid and fatty acid parameters in Awassi sheep. In the study, 40 head of Awassi sheep, which gave birth at least twice, were used as animal material. Sheep were fed a control diet without added byproducts (CON), rations containing PIS, POM, and OP. Milk amino acid profile was determined by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, milk fatty acid gas chromatography-flame ionization detection device. There was a dramatic reduction in alanine, citrulline, glutamine, glutamic acid, glycine, leucine, ornithine and alphaaminoadipic acid in the research groups. In the PIS group, argininosuccinic acid, gammaminobutyric acid, beta-alanine and sarcosine; In the POM group, asparagine, gammaminobutyric acid, beta-alanine, and taurine; In the OP group, a significant positive increase was found in terms of alanine, histidine, gammaminobutyric acid, and taurine amino acids. The applications in the study did not have a statistically significant effect on the ratio of short, medium and long chain fatty acids in milk (p>0.05). In the presented study, it was determined that PIS, POM, and OP, which were added to the sheep rations at a rate of 5%, caused significant changes in the milk amino acid profiles. In this change in milk amino acid profiles, the benefit-harm relationship should be considered.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.56 no.4
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• pp.532-540
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• 2023

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of dietary supplementation with two different types of hydrolyzed blood meal (HBM) on the growth performance, feed utilization, digestibility and innate immunity of olive flounder Paralichthys olivaceus. A control diet (Con) consisting of 60% fish meal was formulated and four diets containing two different types of HBM at varying concentrations were prepared 2.5 and 5.0% liquid HBM (L2.5 and L5.0) and 0.5 and 1.0% powdered HBM (P0.5 and P1.0). A total of 450 olive flounder (average body weight: 50±0.07 g) were distributed in 15 tanks (240 L), with three replicate groups per diet. The fish were fed the diets to apparent satiation for 9 weeks and subsequently exposed to Edwardsiella tarda. The results showed that fish fed L2.5, L5.0 and P0.5 diets exhibited significantly higher lysozyme activity compared to those fed the Con and P1.0 diets. During the challenge test against E. tarda, the L5.0 and P0.5 fish groups exhibited higher disease resistance than that of the Con group. These findings indicate that dietary supplementation with HBM could positively effect the innate immunity and disease resistance of olive flounder.

• Animal Bioscience
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.697-708
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• 2024

Objective: The objective of this study was to investigate the influence of dietary supplementation of Eucommia ulmoides leaf extract (ELE) on muscle metabolism and meat quality of pigs with and without pre-slaughter transportation. Methods: In a 43-day feeding experiment, a total of 160 pigs with an initial body weight 60.00±2.00 kg were randomly assigned into four groups in a completely randomized design with 10 replicates. Pigs in groups A and C were fed a basal diet and pigs in groups B and D were fed a basal diet supplemented with 0.5% ELE. Pigs were slaughtered with (group B and D) or without (group A and C) pre-slaughter transport. Muscle chemical composition, postmortem glycolysis, meat quality and muscle metabolome were analyzed. Results: Dietary ELE supplementation had no effect on the proximate composition of porcine muscle, but increased free phenylalanine, proline, citruline, norvaline, and the total free amino acids in muscle. In addition, dietary ELE increased decanoic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid, but decreased heptadecanoic acid, oleic acid, trans-oleic acid, and monounsaturated fatty acids in muscle. Meat quality measurement demonstrated that ELE improved meat water holding capacity and eliminated the negative effects of pre-slaughter transport on meat cooking yield and tenderness. Dietary ELE reduced muscle glycolytic potential, inhibited glycolysis and muscle pH decline in the postmortem conversion of muscle to meat and increased the activity of citrate synthase in muscle. Metabolomics analysis by liquid chromatographic tandem mass spectrometric showed that ELE enhanced muscle energy level, regulated AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling, modulated glycogenolysis/glycolysis, and altered the metabolism of carbohydrate, fatty acids, ketone bodies, amino acids, purine, and pyrimidine. Conclusion: Dietary ELE improved meat quality and alleviated the negative effect of pre-slaughter transport on meat quality by enhancing muscle oxidative metabolism capacity and inhibiting glycolysis in postmortem muscle, which is probably involved its regulation of AMPK.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.848-858
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• 1995

The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of dietary vitamin A on the antioxidant status in ethanol-treated rats. Weaning rats were fed a basal diet until they reached about 160-180g body weight. Thereafter, four experimental groups were fed a liquid diet containing 36% ethanol of total calorie and four pair-fed groups were fed isocaloric sucorse instead of ethanol. Additionally, the liquid diet contained adequate amount of ${\beta}-carotene$, retinyl acetate, or 13-cis-retinoic acid except vitamin A deficient diet. The rats were sacrificed after 7 weeks of feedng periods. Significant decrease in hepatic vitamin E content was found in rats treated with chronic ethanol. However, dietary supplementation of retinyl acetate modified the change to some extent. Total vitamin C content of liver increased in vitamin A-deficient or ${\beta}-carotene$ groups with ethanol feeding. The ratio of reduced/oxidized vitamin C increased in the plasma and liver of ${\beta}-carotene$ group with ethanol feeding. Chronic ethanol intake did not change the total glutathione content of rat liver, but increased reduced glutathione(GSH)/oxidized glutathione(GSSG) ratio. This increase in hepatic GSH after chronic ethanol treatment. The changes of Se content in plasma and liver was not consistant. Fe content of liver increased by ethanol treatment, but this increase reduced in rats fed dietary retinyl acetate or 13-cis-retinoic acid. Fe content of plasma increased in vitamin A-deficient and ${\beta}-carotene$ supplemented groups with ethanol intake.