• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.21-29
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• 1974

The purpose of the present study is to evaluate changes of the soft tissue relative to underlying skeletal elements during orthodontic treatment, and the influence of orthodontic treatment quantitatively on various regions of the facial profile. 59 Korean young women were selected, whose Hellman dental age was IV A, IV C and V A. Lateral cephalometric head films were taken before and after orthodontic treatment. From tracings, landmarks on skeletal and soft tissue profile were located, and then their linear and angular measurements were made directly. The results were obtained as follow: 1) Soft tissues of the facial profile were closely related and dependent on the underlying dentoskeletal frameworks. Orthodontic treament resulted in the reduction of dentofacial protrusion with both upper and lower lips becoming less procumbent during treament. 2) Thickness of the upper lip increased considerably during orthodontic treatment, and this change was related to maxillary incisor retraction. The ratio between the amount of maxillary incisor retraction and that of increment of upper lip thickness was approximately 5:3. 3) Soft tissue thickness overlying Downs' point A, point B and pogonion was not modified by orthodontic treatment. 4) Holdaway's H line, relating facial profile to the underlying dentoskeletal framework, seemed to be the most practical approach to soft tissue analysis.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.144-154
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• 2012

This article reports the orthodontic treatment of a patient with skeletal mandibular retrusion and an anterior open bite due to temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis (TMJ-OA) using miniscrew anchorage. A 46-year-old woman had a Class II malocclusion with a retropositioned mandible. Her overjet and overbite were 7.0 mm and -1.6 mm, respectively. She had limited mouth opening, TMJ sounds, and pain. Condylar resorption was observed in both TMJs. Her TMJ pain was reduced by splint therapy, and then orthodontic treatment was initiated. Titanium miniscrews were placed at the posterior maxilla to intrude the molars. After 2 years and 7 months of orthodontic treatment, an acceptable occlusion was achieved without any recurrence of TMJ symptoms. The retropositioned mandible was considerably improved, and the lips showed less tension upon lip closure. The maxillary molars were intruded by 1.5 mm, and the mandible was subsequently rotated counterclockwise. Magnetic resonance imaging of both condyles after treatment showed avascular necrosis-like structures. During a 2-year retention period, an acceptable occlusion was maintained without recurrence of the open bite. In conclusion, correction of open bite and clockwise-rotated mandible through molar intrusion using titanium miniscrews is effective for the management of TMJ-OA with jaw deformity.

• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.8-11
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• 1995

A stargazer fish, Ichthyscopus lebeck sannio, of family Uranoscopidae was collected for the first time in Cheju-shi, Cheju-do. Ichthyscopus lebeck sannio has several taxonomic characteristics : large white spots on the surface of body ; without cleithrum spine ; developed and branched labial fimbriae on the both lips ; triangular pectoral fin ; having fimbriated membranous projection on upper part of pectoral fin and having single dorsal fin.

• Speech Sciences
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.103-116
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• 2008

Cerebral palsy children represent abnormal vocalization pattern caused by respiration problem and paralyzed oral motor muscle that are the basics of speech production. Thus, this study examined the effect of respiration and articulator training programs on the basic ability of speech production in CP children. The subjects of this study were 4 children with 3 of spastic CP and 1 of ataxia CP. The respiration and articulator program was conducted in 30 sessions for 30 minutes each. Pre-test was administered twice before the program, ongoing test was administered every 5 session during the period of experiment, and post-test was administered twice. The program included speech production such as respiration training, lips, jaw, cheek, and tongue exercise, and velopharyngeal training, and related articulator training. The following results were obtained. First, all subject children were less than 5 seconds in maximum phonation time before the experiment and 2 were improved by more than 4$\sim$5 seconds during the experiment, but 2 had relatively low rising width. Second, while children with less than 30dB before the experiment became bigger in strength during the experiment, children with more than 35dB before the experiment showed a minor change. Subject child 4 had lower vocal strength in the post-test period. Finally, although each subject had individual difference in syllable diadochokinetic ability, the function was improved and the number of repetition in one respiration was also increased.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.271-275
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• 2012

Squamous cell papillomas are one of the most common lesions of the oral mucosa with a mucosa of the hard and soft palate, including the uvula, palate, tongue and lips. As an oral lesion, it raises concerns because of its clinical appearance, which may mimic exophytic carcinoma. Its pathogenesis is related to the human papilloma virus (HPV), but there is controversy regarding its viral origin. Many considered its pathogenesis as being from the HPV. But recent literature suggests that the presence of HPV may be merely an incidental finding unrelated to the development of a squamous papilloma. We accidentally found a patient not related to the HPV of oral squamous papilloma on the tongue, and we will report this case with literature review.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.103-113
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• 1984

This work was undertaken to evaluate the integumental response in lower face to hard tissue changes, and to grope the prediction equation for expected integumental profile changes. Cephalometric headplates of 25 persons consisted of 8 Angle's class 1 maxillary protrusive and 17 Angle's class II division 1 patients whose mean age was 15.2 years were traced, diagramatized, and statistically analyzed. The results were as follows; 1. Upper incisor and lips were retracted and convexity of integumental profile decreased concurrently with decrease of hard tissue procumbency, however soft tissue point A', B', and Pog' did not undergo significant changes after orthodontic treatment. 2. Remarkable increment of upper lip thickness and upper lip height was shown and this was related to upper incisor retraction. The ratio between the amount of upper incisor retraction and the increment o f upper lip thickness was approximately 1.16:1. 3. Moderate correlation of upper lip retraction to upper incisor retraction, and of lower lip retraction to lower incisor movement were arranged, and yet comparatively wide variability from subject to subject was shown. 4. It was possible to predict statistically for horizontal alteration of lip position and change of upper lip angulation ground in orthodontic treatment.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.59-71
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• 1978

The author compared and analysed the roentgenocephalograms of one hundred Korean adults with the normal occlusion (50 males and 50 females), which were taken on the centric occlusion and the rest position of the mandible respectively for every subject, and then researched the relations among the relaxed muscle of the mandible, lightly touched of the lips, and the position just after the swallowing of saliva, of which 38 among 50 males had the rest position of the mandible. The results are as followings: 1. The anterior facial height increases more at the rest position of the mandible than at the centric occlusion, while the posterior facial height decreases. 2. The mandible moves more backward and downward at the rest position of the mandible than at the centric occlusion. 3. The facial procumbency and the incisor tooth inclination increases more at the rest position of the mandible than the centric occlusion in terms of the facial plane. 4. There are no differences between males and females at the rest position of the mandible and the centric occlusion in the meaning of variation. 5. There are no differences among the three methods from the view of lines and angles of the roentgenocephalogram.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Esthetic Dentistry
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.67-73
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• 2013

The word 'aesthetic', one of three functions of the teeth - mastication, pronunciation, and aesthetic - does not simply mean beauty. Aesthetic missing harmony cannot be called aesthetic. It is true aesthetic when the harmony with surrounding teeth and environment such as lips, midline, and facial form is achieved. In order to produce a harmonious prosthesis, sufficient information must be passed on to a technician, and also the technician should request necessary information to the dental office. Good food cannot be made without fresh ingredients. Although fresh ingredients are supplied, delicious food is also not possible without a chef's cooking skills. The first-class dish is made only under the circumstances that a skilled chef can do his best with fresh ingredients. In this study, the teamwork to be shared between dental practitioners and technicians for harmonious aesthetic prosthesis is discussed.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.42 no.7 s.278
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• pp.509-515
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• 2005

Interfacial reactions at LSGM electrolyte and NiO-GDC anode interfaces were thoroughly investigated with Environmental Scanning Electron Microscopy (ESEM-PHlLIPS XL-30) and Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX-Link XL30). According to the analysis, serious reaction zone was observed at LSGM/NiO-GDC interface. It was found that the reaction layer was originated from the chemical reaction between NiO and LSGM. The reaction products were identified as La deficient form of LSGM based perovskite and Ni-La-O compounds such as LaSrGa$_{3}$O$_{7}$ and LaNiO$_{3}$ from the X-Ray Diffraction (XRD, Philips) analysis. According to the electrical characterization, interfacial layer was very electrically resistive which would be the cause of high internal resistance and low power generating characteristic of the unit cell.

• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.49-53
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• 2017

Formant frequencies depend on the position of tongue, the shape of lips, and larynx. In the auditory system, the external ear canal is an open-end resonator, which can modify the voice characteristics. This study investigates the effect of the real ear on formant frequencies. Fifteen subjects ranging from 22 to 30 years of age participated in the study. This study employed three corner vowels: the low central vowel /a/, the high front vowel /i/, and the high back vowel /u/. For this study, the voice of a well-educated undergraduate who majored in speech-language pathology, was recorded with a high performance condenser microphone placed in the upper pinna and in the ear canal. Paired t-test showed that there were significant difference in the formant frequencies of F1, F2, F3, and F4 between the free field and the real ear. For /a/, all formant frequencies decreased significantly in the real ear. For /i/, F2 increased and F3 and F4 decreased. For /u/, F1 and F2 increased, but F3 and F4 decreased. It seems that these voice modifications in the real ear contribute to interpreting voice quality and understanding speech, timbre, and individual characteristics, which are influenced by the shape of the outer ear and external ear canal in such a way that formant frequencies become centralized in the vowel space.